OG49

[shine_allen]

49. The cameras of the Voyager 2 spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling
Uranus, which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.

(A) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(B)doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known to orbit
(C) which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known in orbit around
(D)doubling to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting
(E)which doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known that orbit

正確答案B
我想問doubling to ...這句話是修飾誰?那which 為什麼不能修飾同一個名詞

[agustin]

恩 大哉問

這一題很經典 他沒有別的考點
就考which的指涉與 分詞構句的指涉
這兩種的差異

首先是看兩個例句
ex: My brother which lives in UK is very rich.
(關代的限定用法) 我在NY的那位哥哥, imply I have many brothers
ex: My brother, which lives in UK is very rich.
(關代的非限定用法) 我哥哥,and他住在UK, imply I have only one brother.

然後看那個限定用法 其which沒有指涉不清的問題 一定是指涉前面那個Noun
所以可以改成My brother living in UK is very rich.(which殺掉 動詞 lived主動 改用現在分詞 living)

然後看分詞結構
ex: John went out of the room, singing a song. singing修飾主詞John

回到這題
1) The cameras ...detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, which doubles to ....

這樣which會變成指涉前方的 Uranus 這樣文意不合理 天王星不會doubles to...阿

2) The cameras....detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus, doubling to....

這時doubling to...指涉主詞 the cameras 這文意合理 是那個照相機使衛星數目多一倍的沒錯

這邊OG解釋說 which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun 這是說上面第一個狀況(1)




所以我總結一下分詞構句, Ving
#遇分詞構句時,需特別注意歧意/指涉誰的問題 因為改成分詞的來源很多

1.可以是刪連結詞 主動改Ving
ex: John went out of the room [s]and sing [/s]a song.
1111111111111111111111111, singing a song.
這時的分詞指涉主詞John

2.也可以是關代刪掉改分詞
ex: OG.179 的(D)(E)
.....by the newcomers, [s]who had [/s]knowledge of....
11111111111111111, having knowledge of...
這時分詞指涉其前方先行詞 the newcomers, 而非主詞the native Americans

由此看來分詞構句有不同指涉對象 需特別看文意判斷有無歧異

結論就是
1. N which+V 傾向使用 N+Ving 因為指涉無疑 所以顧全簡潔原則
2. N, which+V 改成N, Ving時須特別注意指涉誰



用指涉誰的角度來看 就是

1. N which V 沒有指涉誰的問題 只有前方那個 N 可以指涉

2. N, which V 一樣指涉很清楚 就是前方那個 N

3. N, Ving 分詞的來源很多種 可以是指涉主詞 S 也可以是指涉前方名詞 N
這樣寫對不對 得看文意決定 通常較多狀況是指涉主詞沒錯 但有指涉前方名詞的例子過 see OG.179


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[shine_allen]

[quote="agustin"]恩 大哉問


首先是看兩個例句
ex: My brother which lives in UK is very rich.
(關代的限定用法) 我在NY的那位哥哥, imply I have many brothers
ex: My brother, which lives in UK is very rich.
(關代的非限定用法) 我哥哥,and他住在UK, imply I have only one brother.

然後看那個限定用法 其which沒有指涉不清的問題 一定是指涉前面那個Noun


那你是說只要看到WHICH,不管是有逗點還是沒逗點,一定是指涉前一個名詞囉

[agustin]

那你是說只要看到WHICH 不管是有逗點還是沒逗點 一定是指涉前一個名詞囉

恩 對 可以這樣說

[shine_allen]

真是精闢阿,老莫有接班人囉,謝謝,那我董得怎麼分了,但還有一個問題:
OG解釋說B and D use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding clause.
而且他評論A錯的時候有說:
The pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause.

我想他意思應該是說doubling ....是修飾整個主要句子,所以凡是用which(adj子句)來修飾名詞的都錯,因為句意是要修是整個主要子句的,那這樣一來doubling開頭的句子應該不是形容詞子句而是副詞子句改成分辭的,才能修飾整個句子,那這個原來的句子應該是怎樣呢?我的解讀對嗎?

[agustin]

,謝謝,那我董得怎麼分了,但還有一個問題:
OG解釋說B and D use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding clause.
而且他評論A錯的時候有說:
The pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause.

我想他意思應該是說doubling ....是修飾整個主要句子,所以凡是用which(adj子句)來修飾名詞的都錯,因為句意是要修是整個主要子句的,那這樣一來doubling開頭的句子應該不是形容詞子句而是副詞子句改成分辭的,才能修飾整個句子,那這個原來的句子應該是怎樣呢?我的解讀對嗎?

恩 句意上是該指整句沒錯
但我用指涉對象的話 我把它解成指涉主詞 其實不影響理解文意(合理就好)
修飾整句 跟指涉主詞 在我做題經驗是同一件事
OG第十版的解釋 有弦外之音要去讀 不需要太計較字面

解成副詞子句....?? 恩 好像...感覺...很危險
妳將他當成是兩個句子合寫成一句就好了
1.The cameras of the Voyager 2 spacecraft detected six small, previously unseen moons circling Uranus.
2.(and) that doubles to twelve the number of satellites now known as orbiting the distant planet.
第二句的that 是主詞 替代掉第一句整句
將兩句合寫 就變成: 第一句..., doulbing 第二句...了
然後用指涉來看 doubling 是替代掉整個第一句沒錯 但我將它當作指涉第一句主詞也合理 因為我只是讓他指涉得更源頭而已 都不影響文意判斷
因為第一句那整個 是由主詞The cameras來做的 如果說指涉整個第一句 當然更可以指涉第一句的主詞阿

我這樣解是為了特意區分OG.179 (D)(E)那個指涉到前方名詞的那種狀況

所以考試時 看到,Ving 你不需要在去想什麼整句不整句 你直接在心中架橋樑
一條架到原題主詞(考題幾乎都是這種狀況啦) 一條架到前方名詞
然後問問自己這兩個那個違背文意

另外要說的一點是 通常這種考題會跟, which混考
所以考點是要我們在,which 跟, Ving中 做一選擇
這時指涉清不清楚 或有沒有指涉錯誤 會比較的蠻明顯的...

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[shine_allen]

真是太謝謝你啦,我一直就分不清楚which和v-ing-ed的指涉問題,
困擾了我好久,感謝感謝

[modern]

B and D use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding
clause, but D, like A, uses known as orbiting rather than known to orbit, a phrase that is more idiomatic in context. B,
therefore, is the best answer.

不好意思　小弟問一下這句話解釋是什麼意思　　哪位NN出來解一下

to orbit表動作
orbiting表狀態　
這邊為啥不是用表狀態... OG解釋的糊里糊塗　我也糊里糊塗的選了正確答案卻反過來質疑自己正確答案的正確性><

[canride]

老莫是說 be known to +動作
ex: He is known to be an excellent athlete.
be known as +身分
ex: He has been known to us as a story writer.

不過我自己在解這一題的時候
以句子來看 後面的double to twelve...
就判斷double的是前面所提的six small,previously unseen moons
所以which doubles不符合主動一致 我就刪除ACE

但是看了上面的解說 好像我搞錯主詞了??
可以請問大家這句要怎麼翻嗎?
還原的話 要怎麼寫??

謝謝

[chvenson]

請注意看OG解釋
The pronoun which should be used to refer to a previously mentioned noun, not to the idea expressed in an entire clause. In A, C, and E, which seems to refer to a vague concept involving the detection of moons, but there is no specific noun, such as detection, to which it can refer. Also in E, the use of the phrasing the number... now known that orbit is ungrammatical and unclear. B and D use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding clause, but D, like A, uses known as orbiting rather than known to orbit, a phrase that is more idiomatic in context. B, therefore, is the best answer.

1.若用which doubles會修飾到前面的名詞Uranus，所以導致句意不合理；因為這樣才刪除，不是指six small,previously unseen moons所造成的單複數問題

2.用doubling修飾前面整個子句，句意才合理，意思是
太空船Voyager II的攝影機偵測到天王星環繞著六個小的、前所未見的衛星(月亮)，這個發現(不是六個衛星)使得已知環繞這個遙遠行星的衛星加倍而到達了十二顆。
這個發現就是OG提到的 表達前面整個子句的概念

[canride]

真的是恍然大悟耶!!!
之前自己看OG底下的解釋 一知半解的
真的太感謝了 :)

[hwatai]

剛才看完了幾個分詞的討論串，包括49.120.154.178.259，其中49與259的分詞考點是一致的，og解釋也相同，就是用分詞構句來修飾前面的子句，尤其是259的解釋加入了simultaneous的概念，更加完整

49: B and D use the correct participial form, doubling, to modify the preceding clause

259: A, the ing-form introduces action that is simultaneous with the action of the main clause

此外，OG240反過來把分詞放在句首，修飾接在後方的子句，錯誤選項D的解釋是
240: D, Bringing suggessts an ongoing condition and is incompatible with an action that was completed shortly after the Second World War.

類似題型有關代是否要省略/指涉的問題困擾，但是49與259並不是關代省略變分詞的問題，特別是49題的選項有出現關代來混淆視聽(259及240就單純一些)

以這幾題來說，根本沒有關係代名詞出場的空間，也沒有指涉哪一個名詞的問題(因為分詞指涉的是整個子句)。不過前提是前後子句simultaneous的句意能夠於作答時會意出來......這就是類似題型困難的地方，可惡的ETS

[pimi]

請問double + to + noun是片語嗎??
如果不是, 那為何double(v.)+to接名詞不接動詞呢??

[chencraig0227]

我的理解是 這邊的double是不及物V 而後面的"to加數字"表示到達..數目。
所以應該是兩個獨立的東西 不是片語。