[問題]GWD0-16

[dibert8]

OG11-12
After gradual declension down to about 39 hours in 1970, the workweek in the ...
(B)Following a gradual declension down
(C)After gradual declining down
(D)After gradually declining
(E)Following gradually declining

(E)-Phrase must be introduced by a preposition (after), not by a participle (following)

GMAT 是不是比較不能接受following當Prep.(雖然字典上有這個意思)...
所以這樣看來用since 比用following 好...

(A) (B) (C) declension/ decline/ declining down to: dedundancy
(E) workweek 不會 following 這個動作
=> (D)
i.e. After workweek gradually declined to about 39 hours in 1970, the workweek in the United States has increased to the point that the average worker now puts in an estimated 164 extra hours of paid labor a year.

[dibert8]

since (自從) =/= following (跟隨在後)
(B) a critique... following Robert Boyle => 是不是 Robert Boyle 也有一個 critique?

[dibert8]

我想問另一個大家都沒討論到的問題：
1. chemistry是不可數名詞，有 a chemistry這個說法嗎？
2. a vision of a xx 好像不太合乎語法，通常不是說 a N of the N, 或 a N of Ns(可數N) 或是 a N of N(不可數N) 嗎？
所以我覺得A的最後一個字"a"實在看得很礙眼

再者，我在google上查到很多把critique當動詞用的用法，
(但在字典裡也找不到)，先假設可當動詞用，
那麼D好像也不錯
"Essay...Light," (which was) critiquing all chemistry from Robert Boyle forward and (Davy) also (presented) a vision of new chemistry

括號是被省略掉的部分，
,+Ving...修飾那本書，
from xx foward 跟 a vision of 都符合慣用，
prsented the result of 與 presented a version of 平衡。

請問我這樣講算是歪理嗎？謝謝

chemistry (學科名稱)是不可數名詞
a vision 是可以接受的

(D) (E) critiquing 修飾前句,主詞是 Davy, 句意已經改變

[dibert8]

"自從"可以用following吗?
"展望"已經有VISION這個單字可用了,
需要用到動名詞當作名詞使用嗎?
更甚者,句意有"也"的意思嗎?
如果沒有,為何畫蛇添足加個"also"?
his本身更怪,句尾已經說明了that Davy hoped to find,
你又加了一個his,就造成了主詞雙重指代,
主句一個his,that子句一個Davy.
你不覺得很怪嗎?

"自從"不可以用following.
envisioning 是個動作,不能放在所有格後面(表示狀態).
and also 是出題者用來對等 as well as 的,但實際上這兩個用法並不相等.
his 的確指代不清 (Boyle? Davy?). 比較有可能是 Boyle, 因為 Boyle 在附屬結構, his 應該修飾不到主要結構,這樣就改變句意囉!

[dibert8]

支持A

另外since的問題
給一個例句: I haven't heard from him since last year.
since不是一定只能當連接詞用
當介係詞也可以，後面接名詞就說的通

同意這樣的說法.
since R Boyle: 自從 R Boyle 之後
自從 R Boyle 之後, H Davy 也發表“Essay on Heat and Light”一書,是對所有化學界的批判,這本書也存在 Davy 希望建立新化學觀的願景.

[bourdieu]

恩 的確 就如你所說
我做題時也覺得since這邊怪怪的
可是沒細想

加上搞不懂vision跟envisioning差在哪

於是就亂選了...:P

不過這樣表示...since在這邊的用法是錯的囉?

另外再問...這邊的as well as 跟 and also 應該是都沒錯的吧?

[dibert8]

vision "願景"
envision 是 vision 的動詞;因此用 envisioning (= visioning) 來表示 vision 不簡潔.

from Merriam-Webster,
vision
[noun]
1 a: something seen in a dream, trance, or ecstasy; especially : a supernatural appearance that conveys a revelation b: a thought, concept, or object formed by the imagination c: a manifestation to the senses of something immaterial <look, not at visions, but at realities — Edith Wharton>
2 a: the act or power of imagination b (1): mode of seeing or conceiving (2): unusual discernment or foresight <a person of vision> c: direct mystical awareness of the supernatural usually in visible form
3 a: the act or power of seeing : sight
[transitive verb]
: envision

following 的確可以作介係詞,但意思是"隨後", DH 比 RB 晚生了一世紀,用 following (緊接著 RB 發表 critique) 不合理.

from Merriam-Webster,
since [preposition]
: in the period after a specified time in the past : from a specified time in the past

following [preposition]
: subsequent to <following the lecture tea was served>

另外, (A) a critique... as well as a vision... 平衡+對稱
(B) 1. envisioning 是一個"想像的狀態"(抽象名詞,動作的狀態)和 vision 一個"具像"(具體名詞)不平衡; 2. and also 不簡潔 (and 已經有 also 的意思)

[auguding]

所以說答案是A囉????
因為在做TOOTOO的ANSWER是B~
但是覺得A比較合理!!
envisioning不簡潔~

[阿琪]

認同(a)囉！

除了上述的討論外~提供一些想法參考

as well as 其實和and 有不同的意思~

as well as 有種"和"+"也"的含意存在

and 純粹僅有 "和"

為了要表達出"也"，所以(b)用了一個不簡潔的表達法==> and also (不如用as well as 好)

再者 envisioning 不如用vision來的好！已經有名詞形了，就不要用動名詞形…

所以推(a)

以上…參考 ○巴！