關於同謂語

[Superjenny]

同謂語我研究了很久也很頭痛 所以才來請教
1.同謂語通常是指前面的名詞會緊跟在逗號之後
先不管名詞子句跟移位變形
EX. ...have 5 to 15 times the mass of Jupiter, the solar system's largest planet.
I have no idea.
2.是不是也能指名詞片語
EX. John began his translation of the lliad , a work that took him two years to somplete.
Ex. a mere two dozen products accounted for half tha increase in spending on prescription drugs, a phenomenon that is explained....
Q1-換句話說同謂語是名詞或名詞片語是依句意決定的嗎??
兩邊應該也要相等才對!

可是下面的例子 卻不相等
EX1.Chinese,the most ancient of living writing systems, consists of tens of thousands of ideographic characters, each character a miniature calligraphic composition inside its own square frame.
ideographic characters, each character數量不一致

Ex2.The majority of students entering law school this fall are expended to be woman, a trend that will ultimately place more womwn in leadership postition in politics and business.
woman, 不等於 a trend

Ex3. Less than 35 years after the release of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo , Brazil, their descendents, popular known as killer bees, had migrated as far north as Southern Texas.
Sao Paulo , 不等於Brazil
頭好痛 越看越搞不懂 到底要怎麼界定同謂語? 又甚麼時候他的數量必須相等 ? 真的很感激不盡!!!!!!!

[raist]

我從手邊的寫作書查到同位語(appositives)的構成方式如下：
You can construct an appositive from any sentence in which
a noun phrase follows the to be verb (is, are, was, were).
Eliminate the subject and the verb, insert commas or dashes,
and you've got an appositive.

同位語的用途：
Appositives are used principally to expand the meaning of nouns
by supplying defining or identifying details about them. But appositives
can be just as handy for summarizing or generalizing.

因此，包含名詞、名詞片語及形容詞，只要能符合上面的用途以及構成
方式，就是同位語，並不限定要兩邊相等。以這樣的條件來說：

1. the solar system's largest planet對Jupiter做了補充
2. a work that took him two years to somplete對his translation of Iliad做了補充
3. a phenomenon...對a mere two dozen...整句做了generalization
4. a trend that...對The majority...整句做了generalization

不過：
- Chinese, the most...這句應該是獨立分詞構句，而非同位語 (如你所見，
　each character並非重複前面的名詞ideographic characters，而僅是
　前面名詞的一部分，因此應該是獨立分詞構句的用法，你可以再查看看)
- outside Sao Paulo , Brazil是一個完整的地方副詞，不是同位語。
　這句的同位語應該是popular known as killer bees，用來修飾主詞
　their descendents，所以全句的架構應該是：
　Less than...after...outside..., their descendents...
　前半部均為補充的副詞及片語，主句其實是從their descendents開始的~
參考一下

[Superjenny]

謝謝
我後來看了我朋友的老莫講義 each character 那句是連接詞改分詞