百思不得其解只好求助

[Superjenny]

小妹有三個問題百思不得其解只好求助


OG

一..to 到底在什麼情況下可以省略 是該省就要省嗎?(簡潔) 又怎知她有省略呢? (句意嗎?)
15. Warning that computers in the US are not secure, the National Academy of science has urged the nation to revamp compuer security pr edures, (to ) institute new emergency response teams, and (to ) create a special nongovernment organization to take charge of computers security planning.

42.A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors hae elected to retire early rather than (to )face the threats of lawauits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.

99. Judge Bonham denied a motion to allow members of the jury to go home at the end of each day rather than (to ) be confined to confine them to a hotal.

二..which 是指最近的那個名詞 而ving,則要指純名詞對嗎?

1.For the Hopi tribes of North America, Kachina dolls were essential to their rituals(介詞加名詞所以不是指ritual), protecting individuals and tributes as a whole against evil spirits.
這裡的Protecting 是連接詞改分詞也就是第二個動詞

可是21. Neuro scients have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood( 一樣介詞加名詞), now drawing solid conalusions about how the human braingrows and how babies acquire language.
這裡ˇ的drawing 卻因為修飾adulthood 所以錯 我好困擾!!!




26. emily dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over a period beginning a few years before Susan's marrige to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886(介詞加名詞), outnumbering ber letters to anyone else.
可是這裡的outnumbering 又因為修飾不清所以錯 依句意來說也是
可是我想問難道沒有喔個規則判斷他是修式前面的名詞還是連接詞改成分詞嗎??? 謝謝

30. For members of the seventeeth -century Ashanti nation in Africa , animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment( 介詞加名詞) , protecting warriors against enemyarrows and spears.
protecting 又是連接詞改分詞....頭好痛!!!

三..關於脫節

1. EX. In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.

much 怎麼會在ancient Thailand呢? 這是解答


2. In two letters to the historian Tacitus, the nephew of pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.

nephew怎麼會在兩封信裡呢? 可是這是解答

3. In a previous design, the weight of the discus...
就要檢查脫節 不會設計重量所以這題錯

[raist]

一、
這幾個例子多是平行或比較，所以和精簡原則有關(保留平行、地位對等但
內容不同的部分，而共用部分僅保留第一個，其他予以省略)

Warning that computers in the US are not secure, the National Academy of science
has urged the nation to revamp compuer security pr edures, institute new
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(1)
emergency response teams, and create a special nongovernment organization to take
　　　　　　(2)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(3)
charge of computers security planning.

以上畫線的三個部分關係對等，共用 urge the nation to...，因此只保留了
平行且內容不同的部分，重複部分則刪除，以保持精簡

二、
分詞構句中，被改為分詞的句子，主詞因與主句相同，所以被省略，
而且分詞句需與主句有時間或因果上的關係。可參考以下說明：
http://iamlearningenglish.blogspot.com/ ... st_02.html

1. For the Hopi tribes of North America, Kachina dolls were essential to
　　their rituals, protecting individuals and tributes as a whole against
　　evil spirits.

　　(Kachina dolls protect individuals...)

2. * Neuroscientists have amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty
　　years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood,
　　now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how
　　babies acquire language.

　　本題的重心是在Neuroscientists are now drawing conclusions...，
　　但上面這句卻把原本重心改為分詞句，已把焦點移轉。

3. * Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson were written over
　　a period beginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother
　　and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886, outnumbering her letters
　　to anyone else.

　　Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington outnumber her letters to anyone else
　　並非是因為 were written over a period beginning...；兩者沒有因果關係，
　　不應使用分詞構句，

4. For members of the seventeeth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields
　　with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors
　　against enemy arrows and spears.

　　(animal-hide shields protect warriors...)

三、
In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended
on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the
temples in which they were enshrined.

In two letters to the historian Tacitus, the nephew of pliny the Elder wrote the only eyewitness account of the great eruption of Vesuvius.

上面加粗的部分都是介系詞片語，修飾的可能是整個句子或動作，不限定在片語後的名詞，
也不是所謂脫節修飾的範疇，建議妳再找幾本文法書，參考一下介系詞的用法
http://www.cybertranslator.idv.tw/gramm ... itions.htm

* In a previous design, the weight of the discus used in track competition is
concentrated in a metal center, but now it is lined with lead around the perimeter,
thereby improving stability in fl ight and resulting in longer throws.

這句的問題不在 In a previous design 這邊，而是在 the weight of...is 這邊的動詞
應該使用過去式，以及 it 在這邊是指代 the weight of the discus，可是 but now it
is lined with... 這邊正確的 it 應該是要指代 discus，因此這句不對，所以不應該
把檢討重點放在 In a previous design 那邊

參考一下~

[Superjenny]

感謝你很用心幫我回答!!!!!!!!