prep破解題-essay 7

[la-vie]

The United States government has a long-standing policy of using federal funds to keep small business viable. The Small Business Act of 1953 authorized the Small Business Administration (SBA) to enter into contracts with government agencies having procurement powers and to arrange for fulfillment of these contracts by awarding subcontracts to small businesses. In the mid-1960's, during the war on poverty years, Congress hoped to encourage minority entrepreneurs by directing such funding to minority businesses. At first this funding was directed toward minority entrepreneurs with very low incomes. A 1967 amendment to the Economic Opportunity Act directed the SBA to pay special attention to minority-owned businesses located in urban or rural areas characterized by high proportions of unemployed or low-income individuals. Since then, the answer given to the fundamental question of who the recipients should be--the most economically disadvantaged or those with the best prospects for business success--has changed, and the social goals of the programs have shifted, resulting in policy changes.

The first shift occurred during the early 1970's. While the goal of assisting the economically disadvantaged entrepreneur remained, a new goal emerged: to remedy the effects of past discrimination. In fact, in 1970 the SBA explicitly stated that their main goal was to increase the number of minority-owned businesses. At the time, minorities constituted seventeen percent of the nation's population, but only four percent of the nation's self-employed. This ownership gap was held to be the result of past discrimination. Increasing the number of minority-owned firms was seen as a way to remedy this problem. In that context, providing funding to minority entrepreneurs in middle- and high-income brackets seemed justified.

In the late 1970's, the goals of minority-business funding programs shifted again. At the Minority Business Development Agency, for example, the goal of increasing numbers of minority-owned firms was supplanted by the goal of creating and assisting more minority-owned substantive firms with future growth potential. Assisting manufacturers or wholesalers became far more important than assisting small service businesses. Minority-business funding programs were now justified as instruments for economic development, particularly for creating jobs in minority communities of high unemployment.

Question #22. 146-05(22257-!-item-!-188;#058&000146-05)

It can be inferred that the "ownership gap" (see highlighted text) would be narrowed if which of the following were to occur?

(A) Minority entrepreneurs received a percentage of government contracts equal to that received by nonminority entrepreneurs.
(B) Middle- and high-income minority entrepreneurs gave more assistance to their low-income counterparts in the business community.
(C) Minority entrepreneurs hired a percentage of minority employees equal to the percentage of minority residents in their own communities.
(D) The percentage of self-employed minority persons rose to more than ten percent of all self-employed persons.
(E) Seventeen percent of all persons employed in small businesses were self-employed.

Ans：D

我想請問(E)為什麼不行?
我是根據上面藍色字體的地方來選答案
(D)和(E)選不出一個來~~~

[uu3540]

Seventeen percent of all persons employed in small businesses were self-employed.
要minority
small business也不對
要business
也不一定17%只要minority比平均值高就好 文章未說明

D選項The percentage of self-employed minority persons rose to more than ten percent of all self-employed persons.
只要minority比較高就可以多幾%都沒關係

[kotokolin]

Question #23.

According to the passage, in 1970 funding to minority entrepreneurs focused primarily on which of the following?

(A) Alleviating chronic unemployment in urban areas
(B) Narrowing the ownership gap
(C) Assisting minority-owned businesses with growth potential
(D) Awarding subcontracts to businesses that encouraged community development
(E) Targeting the most economically disadvantaged minority-owned businesses

我有點笨，第二段提到early 1970, 第三段late 1970,
看答案是得定位到第二段(B), 我就笨到看第三段選了(C)

這樣考試是得定位到哪一段啦?! @@

[kotokolin]

Question #24.

Which of the following best describes the function of the second paragraph in the passage as a whole?

(A) It narrows the scope of the topic introduced in the first paragraph.
(B) It presents an example of the type of change discussed in the first paragraph.
(C) It cites the most striking instance of historical change in a particular government policy.
(D) It explains the rationale for the creation of the government agency whose operations are discussed in the first paragraph.
(E) It presents the results of policies adopted by the federal government.

答案是B, 但我覺得C也很像, 都是舉例說明第一段,
C不對是因為"the most striking instance "用字太強烈嗎?

[dibert8]

是的. 選 (C) 的話,第二段必須有同等強度的字句.

[evangelinewu]

Question #23.

According to the passage, in 1970 funding to minority entrepreneurs focused primarily on which of the following?

(A) Alleviating chronic unemployment in urban areas
(B) Narrowing the ownership gap
(C) Assisting minority-owned businesses with growth potential
(D) Awarding subcontracts to businesses that encouraged community development
(E) Targeting the most economically disadvantaged minority-owned businesses

我有點笨，第二段提到early 1970, 第三段late 1970,
看答案是得定位到第二段(B), 我就笨到看第三段選了(C)

這樣考試是得定位到哪一段啦?! @@

我寫的時候也想了一下
後來是定位在第二段的這句話：
In fact, in 1970 the SBA explicitly stated that their main goal was to increase the number of minority-owned businesses.

[kaijen]

Question #23.

According to the passage, in 1970 funding to minority entrepreneurs focused primarily on which of the following?

(A) Alleviating chronic unemployment in urban areas
(B) Narrowing the ownership gap
(C) Assisting minority-owned businesses with growth potential
(D) Awarding subcontracts to businesses that encouraged community development
(E) Targeting the most economically disadvantaged minority-owned businesses

我有點笨，第二段提到early 1970, 第三段late 1970,
看答案是得定位到第二段(B), 我就笨到看第三段選了(C)

這樣考試是得定位到哪一段啦?! @@

請問一下(E)為什麼不行?
我是根據這一句話選的
The first shift occurred during the early 1970's. While the goal of assisting the economically disadvantaged entrepreneur remained,

[yvetteliao]

Question #23.

According to the passage, in 1970 funding to minority entrepreneurs focused primarily on which of the following?

(A) Alleviating chronic unemployment in urban areas
(B) Narrowing the ownership gap
(C) Assisting minority-owned businesses with growth potential
(D) Awarding subcontracts to businesses that encouraged community development
(E) Targeting the most economically disadvantaged minority-owned businesses

請問一下(E)為什麼不行?
我是根據這一句話選的
The first shift occurred during the early 1970's. While the goal of assisting the economically disadvantaged entrepreneur remained,

在回答這一題的時候
我也是最後在B與E之間選擇
並且依題意回到第二段定位
由於E出現武斷字"most"
因此在回文確認的時候
我幾乎將整段在確認一次
就利用此段最後一句In that context, providing funding to minority entrepreneurs in middle- and high-income brackets seemed justified.
將most排除
因此認為答案會以B較好

[Austing]

According to the passage, in 1970 funding to minority entrepreneurs focused primarily on which of the following?

(A) Alleviating chronic unemployment in urban areas
(B) Narrowing the ownership gap
(C) Assisting minority-owned businesses with growth potential
(D) Awarding subcontracts to businesses that encouraged community development
(E) Targeting the most economically disadvantaged minority-owned businesses

看到 1970直接定位 II 跟III段
II--Increasing the number of minority-owned firms was seen as a way to remedy this problem

III--the goal of increasing numbers of minority-owned firms was supplanted(replaced) by the goal of creating and assisting more minority-owned substantive firms with future growth potential

我認為 minority-owned substantive firms 跟 minority-owned firms
是不一樣的所以C選項的minority-owned businesses 並不對

而E選項是在I 不用考慮呀~~
請指教

[chris8888]

(D) The percentage of self-employed minority persons rose to more than ten percent of all self-employed persons.
(E) Seventeen percent of all persons employed in small businesses were self-employed.

文章是這樣說的 :
At the time, minorities constituted seventeen percent of the nation's population, but only four percent of the nation's self-employed.
句意應該是說, minorities 是由17%的國家人口所構成, 但是minorities 僅僅佔了4%的自我雇用的人.

(E) Seventeen percent of all persons employed in small businesses were self-employed.
受僱於small businesses 所有的人口的17% 是 自我雇用的人

兩者意思不同 => 請看圖示
E選說. 所有被僱用在小企業中的17%是self-employed
文章說 : minorities 佔了全國人口的17%, 但是只佔了4%的全國的self-employed的人

莫名不能上傳圖片.

總之就是E選說 : 在小企業裡面的17%是self-employed, 請問要是原本小企業裡面的self-employed原本是佔有22%, 現在變成17%, 那不就減少了嗎? 所以你根本不知道到底是否在小企業裡面的self-employed的比分比有提升嗎?

[little8]

According to the passage, in 1970 funding to minority entrepreneurs focused primarily on which of the following?

(A) Alleviating chronic unemployment in urban areas
(B) Narrowing the ownership gap
(C) Assisting minority-owned businesses with growth potential
(D) Awarding subcontracts to businesses that encouraged community development
(E) Targeting the most economically disadvantaged minority-owned businesses

看到 1970直接定位 II 跟III段
II--Increasing the number of minority-owned firms was seen as a way to remedy this problem

III--the goal of increasing numbers of minority-owned firms was supplanted(replaced) by the goal of creating and assisting more minority-owned substantive firms with future growth potential

我認為 minority-owned substantive firms 跟 minority-owned firms
是不一樣的所以C選項的minority-owned businesses 並不對

而E選項是在I 不用考慮呀~~
請指教

這題小妹有一些不同的看法
Specific題
定位 第三段 1~3行
At the Minority Business Development Agency, for example, [the goal of increasing numbers of minority-owned firms ] was supplanted by[the goal of creating and assisting more minority-owned substantive firms with future growth potential].

A 錯,沒提到urban areas
B 正確,結合兩時期的目標可以看出
C 錯,too specific(只有在1970's後期)
D 錯誤定位(提供副合約是1953年代)
E 錯誤定位(資助最弱勢的公司是1967年代)

淺見,歡迎討論

[vitality2008]

Question #22. 146-05(22257-!-item-!-188;#058&000146-05)

It can be inferred that the "ownership gap" (see highlighted text) would be narrowed if which of the following were to occur?

(A) Minority entrepreneurs received a percentage of government contracts equal to that received by nonminority entrepreneurs.
(B) Middle- and high-income minority entrepreneurs gave more assistance to their low-income counterparts in the business community.
(C) Minority entrepreneurs hired a percentage of minority employees equal to the percentage of minority residents in their own communities.
(D) The percentage of self-employed minority persons rose to more than ten percent of all self-employed persons.
(E) Seventeen percent of all persons employed in small businesses were self-employed.

請問Q22的(D)意思說?
1.self-employed minority persons比all self-employed persons的10%還多 or
2.self-employed minority persons比all self-employed persons還多10%...
因為答案是(D)好像是2....
但是對於這句話的意思一直覺得怪~
可以幫忙解釋一下嗎

[j507242000]

Question #23
這題我一開始也是在選項B與C之間徘徊，主要也是因為文章第二段與第三段的定位問題，但爬文後發現了一些小細節，因此在這邊跟大家分享一下：

(A) 文中沒有提到chronic unemployment，只有提過high unemployment，刪除。
(B) 注意題目問的是in 1970，不是in 1970's，文中唯一有提到in 1970的就是這段: In fact, in 1970 the SBA explicitly stated that their main goal was to increase the number of minority-owned businesses. 定位好段落後，接下來就是拆解題目的文意：
----(1) 這一段主要是用來證明第二段的topic sentence，也就是policy新產生的goal--補救過去的discrimination造成的effect
----(2) 從文中提到的ownership gap was held to be the result of past discrimination可得知ownership gap就是那個effect
----(3) 由(1)與(2)可得知在1970時這個funding policy最主要的目的就是為了remedy the effect(也就是the ownership gap)

(C) 這部分並沒有在1970提到，而是在late 1970's提到，刪除。
(D) 文章完全沒提到awarding，刪除。
(E) 這部分是在第一段，也與1970無關，刪除。


這是我的篩選方法，歡迎討論:)