[問題]天山3-Q33 to Q36

[uioxcv]

Q33 to Q36:
(This passage is excerpted from material
published in 1997.)
Whereas United States economic
productivity grew at an annual
rate of 3 percent from 1945 to 1965,
Line it has grown at an annual rate of
(5) only about 1 percent since the early
1970’s. What might be preventing
higher productivity growth? Clearly,
the manufacturing sector of the
economy cannot be blamed. Since
(10) 1980, productivity improvements
in manufacturing have moved the
United States from a position of
acute decline in manufacturing
(15) Manufacturing, however, constitutes
a relatively small proportion
of the economy. In 1992, goods producing
businesses employed
only 19.1 percent of American
(20) workers, whereas service-producing
businesses employed 70 percent.
Although the service sector has
grown since the late 1970’s, its
productivity growth has declined.
(25) Several explanations have been
offered for this decline and for the
discrepancy in productivity growth
between the manufacturing and
service sectors. One is that tra-
(30) ditional measures fail to reflect
service-sector productivity growth
because it has been concentrated
in improved quality of services.
傳統得測量方法不能夠反映出服務業得生產率增長,
因為服務業集中於改善服務得質量
Yet traditional measures of manu-
(35) facturing productivity have shown
significant increases despite the
undermeasurement of quality,
whereas service productivity has
continued to stagnate
傳統得測量方法在表現製造業得生產率是會有極大得增長，
忽略了製造業沒考慮質量改進

(40) Others argue that since the 1970’s,
manufacturingworkers, faced with strong foreign
competition, have learned to work
more efficiently in order to keep their
jobs in the United States, but service
(45) workers, who are typically under
less global competitive pressure,
have not. However, the pressure on
manufacturing workers in the United
States to work more efficiently has
(50) generally been overstated, often
for political reasons. In fact, while
some manufacturing jobs have been
lost due to foreign competition, many
more have been lost simply because
(55) of slow growth in demand for manufactured
goods.
Yet another explanation blames
the federal budget deficit: if it were
lower, interest rates would be lower
(60) too, thereby increasing investment
in the development of new technologies,
which would spur productivity
growth in the service sector. There
is, however, no dearth of technological resources; rather,
managersin the service sector fail to take
advantage of widely available skills
and machines. 然而，並沒有缺乏技術資源，而是服務業
管理者沒有廣泛利用可用得技術和機器。
High productivity
growth levels attained by leading-
edge service companies indicate
that service-sector managers
who wisely implement available
technology and choose skillful
workers can significantly improve
(75) their companies’ productivity.
The culprits for service-sector
productivity stagnation are the
forces—such as corporate
takeovers and unnecessary
(80) governmental regulation—that
distract managers from the task
of making optimal use of available
resources.

我想問
Q34:
The passage states which of the following about the effect of foreign competition on theAmerican manufacturing sector since the 1970’s?
A. It has often been exaggerated.
B. It has not been a direct cause of job loss.
C. It has in large part been responsible for the subsequent slowing of productivity
growth.
D. It has slowed growth in the demand for manufactured goods in the United States.
E. It has been responsible for the majority of American jobs lost in manufacturing.

答案好像是給A~~
可是我錯兩遍~一次選B~一次選D~~
請問B跟D錯在哪呢??
還是不懂為什麼A對??

我硬是擠出一個理由~
D是不是錯在
只說slow growth in the demand for manufactured goods可能是造成loss of jobs原因,
文中沒說造成slowed growth in the demand for manufactured goods是否是因為foreign competition

[modern]

Uio妹
注意這一段喔 :)

However, the pressure on
manufacturing workers in the United
States to work more efficiently has
(50) generally been overstated, often
for political reasons. In fact, while
some manufacturing jobs have been
lost due to foreign competition, many
more have been lost simply because
(55) of slow growth in demand for manufactured
goods.


這是最討厭的長文章定位題
考驗妳的耐心 毅力 眼睛靈活度 以及字彙替換能力 (重點! overstate = exaggerate)
小弟我個人也最怕這種題 還好這題用的字並不艱難所以有讀出來

有問題再討論吧 :)

[uioxcv]

THANK YOU
真的是要很細心的注意小地方耶~~原來overstate是考點^_^
但是b跟 d的述敘哪裡不妥呢?要怎嚜排除不去選他們呢?

[medi66]

我是覺得 這題是考細節提 題目問 The passage states.....
所以一定要在文章找到相對應或者說一模一樣的
B D 都有點推論或是引申的涵義在
作者並沒有明確的說出這兩個觀點 或許 推論提 這答案有可能是對的
但在這個題目裡 應該還是A 最好....
(雖然 我第一次也選到D
句子定位錯地方了 笨笨....)

這是我個人的看法 歡迎繼續討論~

[A級垂耳兔]

One is that tra-
(30) ditional measures fail to reflect
service-sector productivity growth
because it has been concentrated
in improved quality of services.
傳統得測量方法不能夠反映出服務業得生產率增長,
因為服務業集中於改善服務得質量
Yet traditional measures of manu-
(35) facturing productivity have shown
significant increases despite the
undermeasurement of quality,
whereas service productivity has
continued to stagnate
傳統得測量方法在表現製造業得生產率是會有極大得增長，
忽略了製造業沒考慮質量改進

請問一下這一句話...雖然沒考到...但是真的很盧...
大家認為這句話的觀念..就是服務業生產成長下降是因為傳統測量法沒有辦法將品質因素考量進去...這句作者到底是持肯定?否定?還是中立看法?
中間轉折字Yet看起來像承接上面一句的連接詞..不像作者在反駁...還是其實作者是用另外一個角度反駁?
我真的看不太出來...有人可以開示一下嗎?

[davidlee0222]

One is that tra-
(30) ditional measures fail to reflect
service-sector productivity growth
because it has been concentrated
in improved quality of services.
傳統得測量方法不能夠反映出服務業得生產率增長,
因為服務業集中於改善服務得質量
Yet traditional measures of manu-
(35) facturing productivity have shown
significant increases despite the
undermeasurement of quality,
whereas service productivity has
continued to stagnate
傳統得測量方法在表現製造業得生產率是會有極大得增長，
忽略了製造業沒考慮質量改進

請問一下這一句話...雖然沒考到...但是真的很盧...
大家認為這句話的觀念..就是服務業生產成長下降是因為傳統測量法沒有辦法將品質因素考量進去...這句作者到底是持肯定?否定?還是中立看法?
中間轉折字Yet看起來像承接上面一句的連接詞..不像作者在反駁...還是其實作者是用另外一個角度反駁?
我真的看不太出來...有人可以開示一下嗎?

yet=but
fail to的意思不是失敗,而是沒有去做


這是在講兩個現象
中間沒有任何態度
只是現象陳述

這是在講兩個產業形式
服務業跟製造業
各有"產能"跟"品管"
再講傳統的衡量方式對服務業與製造業的產能指標跟品管指標都分別有偏差

上半句在講
傳統的衡量方式沒有反應出服務業產能的提升(fail to reflect表示事實上有,但沒有被反應出來)
因為都只注意品質是否改善
事實上服務業除了品質有改善以外
連產能都有提高

下半句在講
然而傳統衡量方式即使低估了品質
仍顯示製造業的產能大幅提升
(暗示製造業的品質也同時提升)
whereas=對比於
對比之下服務業產能持續停滯


所以回答A兔兄的問題
事實上服務業的產能是成長的
只是以前的衡量基準無法反映出來

[davidlee0222]

我是覺得 這題是考細節提 題目問 The passage states.....
所以一定要在文章找到相對應或者說一模一樣的
B D 都有點推論或是引申的涵義在
作者並沒有明確的說出這兩個觀點 或許 推論提 這答案有可能是對的
但在這個題目裡 應該還是A 最好....
(雖然 我第一次也選到D
句子定位錯地方了 笨笨....)

這是我個人的看法 歡迎繼續討論~

回答U小姐跟M同學的看法
首先釐清一些觀念
閱讀選項沒有誰比誰好
要看文意中有沒有表達
B跟D會錯都是文中有提

馬燈兄已經講到A為什麼對
是因為政治競選一提再提overstated

第40~44行有講到美國員工為了因應國外競爭
而提升生產效能以保住工作
因此工作不保的確是因為海外競爭
所以B錯

對於D
文章51~56行只講到有這個需求停滯的現象
並沒有講到為什麼全球需求會停滯
也沒有講到這跟海外競爭有無關聯
D講到因為海外競爭造成全球需求停滯
這個陳述無法判斷
因此不能選

[A級垂耳兔]

yet=but
fail to的意思不是失敗,而是沒有去做


這是在講兩個現象
中間沒有任何態度
只是現象陳述

這是在講兩個產業形式
服務業跟製造業
各有"產能"跟"品管"
再講傳統的衡量方式對服務業與製造業的產能指標跟品管指標都分別有偏差

上半句在講
傳統的衡量方式沒有反應出服務業產能的提升(fail to reflect表示事實上有,但沒有被反應出來)
因為都只注意品質是否改善
事實上服務業除了品質有改善以外
連產能都有提高

下半句在講
然而傳統衡量方式即使低估了品質
仍顯示製造業的產能大幅提升
(暗示製造業的品質也同時提升)
whereas=對比於
對比之下服務業產能持續停滯


所以回答A兔兄的問題
事實上服務業的產能是成長的
只是以前的衡量基準無法反映出來

但是作者提到這句話的功用到底是什麼??我一直認為作者在文章開頭時已經有定見...所以後面提到其他人的解釋..基本上都是用來反駁的...
而且..在24行作者已表達立場服務業的productivity growth has declined
而且最後也提到是因為服務業無法有效利用資源...呼應文章開頭整體經濟productivity growth 下降....但是中間這段某人認為是傳統測量方法造成製造業產能上升但服務業雖改進但無法反應於產能上....對這句話作者最後的立場似乎是和他不同的....
所以我在猜~~
Yet traditional measures of manu-
(35) facturing productivity have shown
significant increases despite the
undermeasurement of quality,
whereas service productivity has
continued to stagnate
這句是不是暗示作者認為"照前一句說法服務業產能其實未被反應(也沒說下降)...而製造業大幅上升...這樣總體經濟產能成長率應該是上升...而不是下滑"
是這樣嗎?

[whoops]

Q33 to Q36:
(This passage is excerpted from material
published in 1997.)
Whereas United States economic
productivity grew at an annual
rate of 3 percent from 1945 to 1965,
Line it has grown at an annual rate of
(5) only about 1 percent since the early
1970’s.
自1970's早期,美國經濟生產率不如以往
What might be preventing
higher productivity growth?
文章主題出現:什麼原因妨礙了經濟生產力提升?
Clearly,the manufacturing sector of the
economy cannot be blamed. Since
(10) 1980, productivity improvements
in manufacturing have moved the
United States from a position of
acute decline in manufacturing
to one of world prominience.
這邊點出作者的看法:製造業不是主因,因為生產率的改善
將美國的製造業推向卓越
(15) Manufacturing, however, constitutes
a relatively small proportion
of the economy. In 1992, goods producing
businesses employed
only 19.1 percent of American
(20) workers, whereas service-producing
businesses employed 70 percent.
小轉折出現,雖然製造業的生產率表現傑出,但因為占美國
經濟產業的比例太小,影響力不大,順便帶出服務業的比例很大
Although the service sector has
grown since the late 1970’s, its
productivity growth has declined.
議題出現,雖然服務業自1970年代晚期開始成長,但其生產率卻降低
(25) Several explanations have been
offered for this decline and for the
discrepancy in productivity growth
between the manufacturing and
service sectors.
下面提出幾個非作者所提出可能的解釋
One is that tra-
(30) ditional measures fail to reflect
service-sector productivity growth
because it has been concentrated
in improved quality of services.
傳統評估方法讓服務業的生產率被低估,因為其著重
在服務品質的提升
Yet traditional measures of manu-
(35) facturing productivity have shown
significant increases despite the
undermeasurement of quality,
whereas service productivity has
continued to stagnate
傳統評估方法儘管低估了製造業的品質,製造業的生產率
還是顯示出顯著的成長,相對來說服務業的生產率還是維持
遲滯的狀態,這邊應有些許表達出作者的態度,呼應前面所提
出的說法,不是製造業的問題
(40) Others argue that since the 1970’s,
manufacturingworkers, faced with strong foreign
competition, have learned to work
more efficiently in order to keep their
jobs in the United States, but service
(45) workers, who are typically under
less global competitive pressure,
have not. However, the pressure on
manufacturing workers in the United
States to work more efficiently has
(50) generally been overstated, often
for political reasons. In fact, while
some manufacturing jobs have been
lost due to foreign competition, many
more have been lost simply because
(55) of slow growth in demand for manufactured
goods.
繼續提出其他別人提出的原因,並加以反駁.有人提出,服務業
面臨很大國際競爭的壓力因此學會提高效率以求生存,服務業
則沒有.作者認為服務業所面對的國際壓力多半是因為政治因
素被誇張了,的確有很多製造業工作機會消失是因為國際競爭,
但更多製造業工作很單純的是因為需求減少而消失
Yet another explanation blames
the federal budget deficit: if it were
lower, interest rates would be lower
(60) too, thereby increasing investment
in the development of new technologies,
which would spur productivity
growth in the service sector.
再提出一個別人說的原因-聯邦預算不足,預算低,利率跟著走低,
基礎投資就會增加刺激服務業的生產率提升
There is, however, no dearth of technological resources; rather,
managersin the service sector fail to take
advantage of widely available skills
and machines.
但是，並不缺技術資源，而是服務業的manager沒有好好
利用技術和設備的優勢
High productivity
growth levels attained by leading-
edge service companies indicate
that service-sector managers
who wisely implement available
technology and choose skillful
workers can significantly improve
(75) their companies’ productivity.
服務業的頂尖公司借由其經理人聰明的運用科技及好的
員工顯著的提升公司的生產率
The culprits for service-sector
productivity stagnation are the
forces—such as corporate
takeovers and unnecessary
(80) governmental regulation—that
distract managers from the task
of making optimal use of available
resources.
真的讓服務業生產率遲滯的兇手是不必要的政府限制

想問問這題,請大家指點迷津
Q33 Which of following, if true, would most weaken the budget feficit explanation gor the discrepancy mentioned in line 27?
A. Research shows that the federal budget deficit has traditionally caused companies to invest less money in research and development of new technologies.
E. High intersets rates tend to slow the growth of manufacturing productivity as much as they slow the growth of service-sector productivity in the United State.
請問A選項哪邊出錯,他不是直接refute了文章所說的內容?
再請問E選向哪邊對,他說high interest rates tend to slow..不是呼應文章所說的,還是他所要表達的是:要影響就會兩個一起影響,不論是製造業或是服務業

[Arlene]

推～～我也覺得(A)(E)都可以weaken~~
哪為大大可以幫忙一下？

[pimi]

Q33 Which of following, if true, would most weaken the budget feficit explanation gor the discrepancy mentioned in line 27?
A. Research shows that the federal budget deficit has traditionally caused companies to invest less money in research and development of new technologies.
B.New technologies have been shown to play a significant role in companiew that have been able to increase their service productivity.
C.In both the service sector and manufacturing, productivity improvements are concentrated in gains in quality.
D.The service sector typically requires larger investments in new technology in order to maintain productivity growth than does manufacturing.
E. High intersets rates tend to slow the growth of manufacturing productivity as much as they slow the growth of service-sector productivity in the United State

這題我真的很納悶, 不知道是我脫窗還是怎樣, 因為感覺文章中有講到budget-deficit是從Line58開始出現的, 但是題目卻問line27, 真的不知道關鏈性在哪?? 求助各位大大~~

[kotokolin]

Q33在騙人呀!
因為從27行開始一直到文章結束都在解釋服務業成長力衰退和服務業語製造業成長的不一致, 題目只是問如何weaken預算赤字解釋說(也就是其中一個成長衰退的解釋), 他但可沒說答案在第27行,
要定位到57行, 從這裡才是用預算赤字解釋成長衰退
Yet another explanation blames the federal budget deficit: if it were lower, interest rates would be lower too, thereby increasing investment in the development of new technologies, which would spur productivity growth in the service sector.
=>如果deficit 變低 -> 利率變低-> 刺激投資到新科技開發->刺激服務業生產力成長

(A) Research shows that the federal budget deficit has traditionally caused companies to invest less money in research and development of new technologies 預算赤字一直以來導致公司投資比較少錢在新科技開發
=> 跟文章講的一模一樣, 完全support文章論點! 就是赤字的問題
(E) High interest rates tend to slow the growth of manufacturing productivity as much as they slow the growth of service-sector productivity in the United State 高利率使得服務業和製造業生產力都衰退
=> 別忘記原文是在解釋為何製造業和服務業成長的discrepancy(不一致), 現在高利率使得製造業和服務業都衰退了, 那赤字就不能解釋啦, weaken!