[問題]大全Passage 82 Q7,Q9

[evelyn_yeh]

Passage 82 (19/22)

請問這2題的答案在文章中的何處??
Comparable worth is a concept that rejects the premise of a separate and lower wage hierarchy for jobs that are done primarily by women, arguing instead that earnings should reflect only the worth of the work performed. This worth should be determined by an evaluation system that rates jobs according to their social importance and skill requirements. Because comparable worth does not attack all forms of inequality, it can have only a modest direct effect on the overall degree of inequality in society, but in attacking gender inequality in the job classification system it attacks a major component of gender inequality in the United States. The likelihood that other forms of inequality will become more manifest with the lessening of gender inequality is not a valid argument against comparable worth. Indeed, struggles for comparable worth may help launch campaigns against similar forms of inequity. Still, while conservatives have battled hard against comparable worth, radicals have been reluctant to fight for it because they see the narrow presentations in comparable worth litigation as the limits of the concept. But in addition to helping redress particular inequities, comparable worth could open a discussion of the entire wage system. Its theoretical and political impact will reach far beyond the framework in which it was conceived and force a rethinking of assumptions underlying current employment practices and the market itself.
How comparable worth will affect the hierarchy of wages is more difficult to foresee. It does not directly challenge the concept of a hierarchy; in fact, its insistence that jobs must be evaluated implies a hierarchy. However, its rejection of the market as an adequate basis for determining wages initiates a discussion of how value should be assigned to jobs. Advocates of comparable worth have challenged prevailing standards of evaluation, which them from formal job ovalions first developed in industrial settings. These evaluations, based on points awarded for different job tasks, gave considerable emphasis to such activities as strenuous lifting and the operation of expensive equipment. Consequently, the skills and knowledge more typical of work done by women are less heavily emphasized. The `Dictionary of Occupational Titles’ reveals numerous current instances of such imbalance in job ratings.
While comparable-worth advocates accept the principle of a hierarchy of wages, arguing only that they seek more objective measures of job worth, the issues they raise provoke a broader debate. This debate does not, as the opponents have claimed, concern the feasibility of setting up and applying evaluative standards. Employers have done that for centuries. Rather, the debate is about the social values and priorities underlying the wage hierarchy and, ultimately, the market where age-old conventions and political, as opposed to purely economic, forces enter the process of setting wages.


7.答案(E) According to the passage, which of the following is the most likely application of the notion of comparable worth?
(A) The detailed explanation of the various forces that guide the market
(B) The formulation of attitudes about the role of supply and demand in setting wages
(C) The establishment of a political coalition in the struggle against inequity
(D) The integration of the industrial work force into the job market for a service and technology economy
(E) The reassessment of job characteristics as a means for determining just compensation

9.答案(D) The author’s primary purpose in the passage is to
(A) criticize inconsistent experiments
(B) suggest a new direction for research
(C) describe an intriguing geophysical phenomenon
(D) present evidence supporting a theory
(E) evaluate data relating to lunar geology

[evelyn_yeh]

已經PO了好幾天了,都沒人理這個問題,是不是太簡單了,我不應該問呢?

[davidlee0222]

可能是樓主PO了一整篇出來把大家嚇到了
大家忙想說等等看有空在回
這兩題有難度
不過不會太難
只是大概沒辦法定位
因為是在問文章結構
要看懂文章到底在幹麻才能回答
什麼問題都能問
沒有什麼叫不該問的
誰說不該問就是小狗 小弟幫你扁他

第九題比較簡單
用刪去法可以很快找出答案
並不是在批判不一致的實驗 A不對
也沒有建議先的研究方向 B也不對
不是在闡述一個玄妙的地質現象 C不對
跟月球地理?的數據資料也無關 E刪
D是在提出對一項理論的佐證沒錯
是在講comparable worth的種種辯答


但若要直接找答案
整篇文章在講comparable worth這個概念
前面在講到底是什麼東西
是只依產能貢獻而不依照性別或傳統職別的計薪方式
有講到細部面向引發的反職別歧視辯論
後面還有講到各項議題的引申
如性別歧視問題跟整個社會的薪資結構
後面講到這個理論並不是以市場為衡量基準
並且支持薪資階級制度

第二段有點自問自答
在講引發的廣泛辯論是有關市場跟政治力的薪資衡量行之有年
而不是薪資衡量基準的可行性

第一題比較有難度
不過也可以用刪去法
A引導市場的不同力量的細項解釋 並不是
是在講一項薪資理論引發的辯答

B薪資基準設定的供需角色的形成
comparable worth是在衡量產能貢獻
且講到市場並不是影響主因
所以剛好相反

C有講到政治力影響不平等薪資
但並不是comparable worth的應用

D把工業人力引進服務或科技產業
也不對
只依照相對產值
跟引入哪個產業的人無關
只要能貢獻出同樣產能就應該領相同薪資

E重新評估"職務特性"是否只是決定薪資的一項工具
因為本文在講用產能價值來決定薪資
很可能用其他工具來決定薪資也是值得討論的面向
E在同一個問題變項上討論
所以E對

[evelyn_yeh]

謝謝你詳盡的解答.
關於第9題,初看時,我覺得全錯,因為我既沒看到theory也沒瞧見evidence.
而且,我認為,theory和concept不同,而evidence也不等於"種種辯答".因為evidence應是強有力的,可驗證的,不應是作者自己的種種答辯.
當然,若用刪去法,唯一能選的是D沒錯.
還是在文中有一些蛛絲馬跡我沒看到??哪一部分可以比較明顯的看出evidence supporting a theory???

[lucyyeh]

這一題很難耶，我也不太會，因此追加一題問大家
3. In the first paragraph of the passage, the author describes the potential role and function of comparable worth in language that most often suggests
(A) artistic endeavors
(B) business transactions
(C) criminal investigations
(D) military operations ???
(E) scientific experiments
答案D
這這...怎麼會天外飛來一筆說到military operations呢?

[amazingslim]

這一題很難耶，我也不太會，因此追加一題問大家
3. In the first paragraph of the passage, the author describes the potential role and function of comparable worth in language that most often suggests
(A) artistic endeavors
(B) business transactions
(C) criminal investigations
(D) military operations ???
(E) scientific experiments
答案D
這這...怎麼會天外飛來一筆說到military operations呢?

這題我也錯了，後來想想
題目應該是問描述comparable worth的措辭通常是用來暗示什麼
Still, while conservatives have battled hard against comparable worth, radicals have been reluctant to fight for it because they see the narrow presentations in comparable worth litigation as the limits of the concept.
文中有battle, fight用來描述military operations
不過這題會不會太無聊了啊