prep破解版essay 9

[la-vie]

Essay #9. 148 (22549-!-item-!-188;#058&00148-00)

In a new book about the antiparty feeling of the early political leaders of the United States, Ralph Ketcham argues that the first six Presidents differed decisively from later Presidents because the first six held values inherited from the classical humanist tradition of eighteenth-century England. In this view, government was designed not to satisfy the private desires of the people but to make them better citizens; this tradition stressed the disinterested devotion of political leaders to the public good. Justice, wisdom, and courage were more important qualities in a leader than the ability to organize voters and win elections. Indeed, leaders were supposed to be called to office rather than to run for office. And if they took up the burdens of public office with a sense of duty, leaders also believed that such offices were naturally their due because of their social preeminence or their contributions to the country. Given this classical conception of leadership, it is not surprising that the first six Presidents condemned political parties. Parties were partial by definition, self-interested, and therefore serving something other than the transcendent public good.

Even during the first presidency (Washington's), however, the classical conception of virtuous leadership was being undermined by commercial forces that had been gathering since at least the beginning of the eighteenth century. Commerce--its profit-making, its self-interestedness, its individualism--became the enemy of these classical ideals. Although Ketcham does not picture the struggle in quite this way, he does rightly see Jackson's tenure (the seventh presidency) as the culmination of the acceptance of party, commerce, and individualism. For the Jacksonians, nonpartisanship lost its relevance, and under the direction of Van Buren, party gained a new legitimacy. The classical ideals of the first six Presidents became identified with a privileged aristocracy, an aristocracy that had to be overcome in order to allow competition between opposing political interests. Ketcham is so strongly committed to justifying the classical ideals, however, that he underestimates the advantages of their decline. For example, the classical conception of leadership was incompatible with our modern notion of the freedoms of speech and press, freedoms intimately associated with the legitimacy of opposing political parties.

Question #29. 148-01 (22595-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-01)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) describing and comparing two theories about the early history of the United States
(B) describing and analyzing an argument about the early history of the United States
(C) discussing new evidence that qualifies a theory about the early history of the United States
(D) refuting a theory about political leadership in the United States
(E) resolving an ambiguity in an argument about political leadership in the United States

Ans：B

我把(B)刪掉的理由是因為aguement about the early hostory of the United States
我覺得這篇文章不是在講美國的歷史啊
所以從最後兩句話選了(D)

請問哪裡錯了?

[dibert8]

I) 引介 RK, 分析 RK: - (stressed, condemned), + (called to office rather than to run for office)

II) 承接 I). author 繼續舉例 (Washington, Jackson)

main idea: author 描述 RK 的書,並加入自己的意見.

political leadership 只是 RK 書中的一部份,作者拿來作引言.文章裡提到 government, opposing political parties 已經超越了 leadership 的範圍,比較像是在講美國早期的政治觀念,隨著前 6 位老人的凋零,演變到後來的政治環境 => history.

[lucyyeh]

不好意思，我想請問一下此essay的32題，全無頭緒，請問回答此題的線索在哪?

Which of the following, if true, provides the LEAST support for the author's argument about commerce and political parties during Jackson's presidency?

(A) Many supporters of Jackson resisted the commercialization that could result from participation in a national economy.
(B) Protest against the corrupt and partisan nature of political parties in the United States subsided during Jackson's presidency.
(C) During Jackson's presidency the use of money became more common than bartering of goods and services.
(D) More northerners than southerners supported Jackson because southerners were opposed to the development of a commercial economy.
(E) Andrew Jackson did not feel as strongly committed to the classical ideals of leadership as George Washington had felt.

ANS: A

[plilo]

這一題的考法就像CR的weaken一樣

從第二段中的Although Ketcham does not picture the struggle in quite this way, he does rightly see Jackson's tenure (the seventh presidency) as the culmination of the acceptance of party, commerce, and individualism. 可以得到線索，這段話也是作者的意見

可以看出Jackson是支持 party, commerce, and individualism

而(A) Jackson的支持者抵制commercialization→weaken
B,C,D,E都是Support

[kaijen]

Question #29. 148-01 (22595-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-01)

The passage is primarily concerned with

(A) describing and comparing two theories about the early history of the United States
(B) describing and analyzing an argument about the early history of the United States
(C) discussing new evidence that qualifies a theory about the early history of the United States
(D) refuting a theory about political leadership in the United States
(E) resolving an ambiguity in an argument about political leadership in the United States

Ans:(B)

Question #30. 148-02 (22641-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-02)

According to the passage, the author and Ketcham agree on which of the following points?

(A) The first six Presidents held the same ideas about political parties as did later Presidents in the United States.
(B) Classical ideals supported the growth of commercial forces in the United States.
(C) The first political parties in the United States were formed during Van Buren's term in office.
(D) The first six Presidents placed great emphasis on individualism and civil rights.
(E) Widespread acceptance of political parties occurred during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Ans:(E)

Question #31. 148-03 (22687-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-03)

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree that modern views of the freedoms of speech and press are

(A) values closely associated with the beliefs of the aristocracy of the early United States
(B) political rights less compatible with democracy and individualism than with classical ideals
(C) political rights uninfluenced by the formation of opposing political parties
(D) values not inherent in the classical humanist tradition of eighteenth-century England
(E) values whose interpretation would have been agreed on by all United States Presidents

Ans:(D)

Question #32. 148-04 (22733-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-04)

Which of the following, if true, provides the LEAST support for the author's argument about commerce and political parties during Jackson's presidency?

(A) Many supporters of Jackson resisted the commercialization that could result from participation in a national economy.
(B) Protest against the corrupt and partisan nature of political parties in the United States subsided during Jackson's presidency.
(C) During Jackson's presidency the use of money became more common than bartering of goods and services.
(D) More northerners than southerners supported Jackson because southerners were opposed to the development of a commercial economy.
(E) Andrew Jackson did not feel as strongly committed to the classical ideals of leadership as George Washington had felt.

Ans:(A)

[kaijen]

Question #30. 148-02 (22641-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-02)

According to the passage, the author and Ketcham agree on which of the following points?

(A) The first six Presidents held the same ideas about political parties as did later Presidents in the United States.
(B) Classical ideals supported the growth of commercial forces in the United States.
(C) The first political parties in the United States were formed during Van Buren's term in office.
(D) The first six Presidents placed great emphasis on individualism and civil rights.
(E) Widespread acceptance of political parties occurred during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Ans:(E)

For the Jacksonians, nonpartisanship lost its relevance, and under the direction of Van Buren, party gained a new legitimacy.
請問(C)為什麼不對? 是The first political parties were formed錯還是during Van Buren's term in office錯?

[kaijen]

不好意思，我想請問一下此essay的32題，全無頭緒，請問回答此題的線索在哪?

Which of the following, if true, provides the LEAST support for the author's argument about commerce and political parties during Jackson's presidency?

(A) Many supporters of Jackson resisted the commercialization that could result from participation in a national economy.
(B) Protest against the corrupt and partisan nature of political parties in the United States subsided during Jackson's presidency.
(C) During Jackson's presidency the use of money became more common than bartering of goods and services.
(D) More northerners than southerners supported Jackson because southerners were opposed to the development of a commercial economy.
(E) Andrew Jackson did not feel as strongly committed to the classical ideals of leadership as George Washington had felt.

ANS: A

請問一下 如何知道(C)support?? 本篇沒提到以物易物呀?

[dibert8]

Q #32

Commerce--its profit-making, ...--
=> commerce = money

Although Ketcham does not picture the struggle in quite this way, he does rightly see Jackson's tenure (the seventh presidency) as the culmination of the acceptance of party, commerce, and individualism.
=> Jackson (第七任)時代為金錢交易的濫觴(相較於前六任)
i.e. (C) money (= commerce) 自此廣為使用,後面套一個 wild card, 比什麼普遍可能就不那麼重要,因為文章也沒說.如果理解為 money > all others 就比較容易過關(只突顯 money).

[dibert8]

Question #30. 148-02 (22641-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-02)

According to the passage, the author and Ketcham agree on which of the following points?

(A) The first six Presidents held the same ideas about political parties as did later Presidents in the United States.
(B) Classical ideals supported the growth of commercial forces in the United States.
(C) The first political parties in the United States were formed during Van Buren's term in office.
(D) The first six Presidents placed great emphasis on individualism and civil rights.
(E) Widespread acceptance of political parties occurred during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Ans:(E)

For the Jacksonians, nonpartisanship lost its relevance, and under the direction of Van Buren, party gained a new legitimacy.
請問(C)為什麼不對? 是The first political parties were formed錯還是during Van Buren's term in office錯?

細節題,文章沒有提的不能選.
(C) 的資訊其實文章裡沒有,另外有個武斷字眼 first; 第一個政治團體大概第一任總統的時代就有了吧.應該不是在 Van Buren 的時代才出現.

[scottkidd]

Question #31. 148-03 (22687-!-item-!-188;#058&000148-03)

It can be inferred that the author of the passage would be most likely to agree that modern views of the freedoms of speech and press are

(A) values closely associated with the beliefs of the aristocracy of the early United States
(B) political rights less compatible with democracy and individualism than with classical ideals
(C) political rights uninfluenced by the formation of opposing political parties
(D) values not inherent in the classical humanist tradition of eighteenth-century England
(E) values whose interpretation would have been agreed on by all United States Presidents

Ans:(D)

請問這題該如何推出D？

[Huang Hsin-Yi]

我是由紅字推斷而來 因為既然incompatible就表示 modern notion的東西以前沒有

For example, the classical conception of leadership was incompatible with our modern notion of the freedoms of speech and press, freedoms intimately associated with the legitimacy of opposing political parties.

[chris8888]

Jacksonians, nonpartisanship lost its relevance <== 這句話是什麼意思?
無黨派偏見失去了他的攸關性?? 不知道在表達什麼?

[chris8888]

Ketcham is so strongly committed to justifying the classical ideals, however, that he underestimates the advantages of their decline <== 低估他們的下滑的優勢??? 講啥? 不懂?

[小花]

Jacksonians, nonpartisanship lost its relevance <== 這句話是什麼意思?
無黨派偏見失去了他的攸關性?? 不知道在表達什麼?

For the Jacksonians, nonpartisanship lost its relevance, and under the direction of Van Buren, party gained a new legitimacy.(對Jacksonians來說,無黨無派已經變的不重要,並且在Van Buren的指導下,政黨已經變的合法化,合理化)

[小花]

Ketcham is so strongly committed to justifying the classical ideals, however, that he underestimates the advantages of their decline <== 低估他們的下滑的優勢??? 講啥? 不懂?

Ketcham is so strongly committed to justifying the classical ideals, however, that he underestimates the advantages of their decline.( Ketcham作者致力於為古典學派正名,以至於他低估了古典學派寞落的優勢)

可見K作者是支持古典學派的立場

個人淺見