Prep T1 - Essay 13

[lucyyeh]

Essay #13. 281 (23223-!-item-!-188;#058&00281-00)

Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared. In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so.

This widespread institutional awareness of comparable worth indicates increased public awareness that pay inequities--that is, situations in which pay is not "fair" because it does not reflect the true value of a job--exist in the labor market. However, the question still remains: have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?

Comparable worth pay adjustments are indeed precedent-setting. Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs. But whenever comparable worth principles are applied to pay schedules, perceived unjustified pay differences are eliminated. In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than other mandates, such as the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer. Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; may carry similar responsibility; may be carried on in an environment having a similar impact upon the worker; and may have a similar dollar value to the employer.

Question #43. 281-01 (23269-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-01)

Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage?

(A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure
(B) To assess the significance of a change in policy
(C) To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures
(D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases
(E) To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy

ANS: B
Why B not E?
可否請各位高手協助解答一下，究竟E跟B有什麼不同，看請來很像。謝謝!

[dibert8]

1. 動詞: assess (正/反) 優於 summarize (敘述)
2. 名詞: (E) changes -- 整篇都講 comparable worth, 沒有 changes; (B) significance = 正/反

[小綠]

那請問Q46
Question #46. 281-09 (23410-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-09)

Which of the following best describes an application of the principles of comparable worth as they are described in the passage?

(A) The current pay, rates of increase, and rates of promotion for female mechanics are compared with those of male mechanics.
(B) The training, skills, and job experience of computer programmers in one division of a corporation are compared to those of programmers making more money in another division.
(C) The number of women holding top executive positions in a corporation is compared to the number of women available for promotion to those positions, and both tallies are matched to the tallies for men in the same corporation.
(D) The skills, training, and job responsibilities of the clerks in the township tax assessor's office are compared to those of the much better-paid township engineers.
(E) The working conditions of female workers in a hazardous-materials environment are reviewed and their pay schedules compared to those of all workers in similar environments across the nation.
答案為何是(D)呢~謝謝!!!

[dibert8]

考最後一句 (i.e. 結論句)
Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; ...
選 dissimilar jobs => (D)

[hwatai]

考最後一句 (i.e. 結論句)
Comparable worth, on the other hand, takes as its premise that certain tasks in dissimilar jobs may require a similar amount of training, effort, and skill; ...
選 dissimilar jobs => (D)

或是考第一句

Comparable worth, as a standard applied to eliminate inequities in pay, insists that the values of certain tasks performed in dissimilar jobs can be compared.

A. female mechanics / male mechanics
B. programmer / programmer
C. number / number (不是在比工作,在比其它東西)
D. clerks / Enginners (對了～)
E. female works / all workers (還出現similar這個字)

[hwatai]

Question #43. 281-01 (23269-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-01)

Which of the following most accurately states the central purpose of the passage?

(A) To criticize the implementation of a new procedure
作者態度中立偏正，文章中找不到強烈的support，但行文上是支持的(否定舊的做法，否定舊的法條)，動詞criticize不對；
受詞 the implementation of a new procedure 可以，但BE的change更精準，原因如B

(B) To assess the significance of a change in policy
第一段第二句話this approach has become a critical social policy issue
動詞assess可以；
受詞significace of a change可以

(C) To illustrate how a new standard alters procedures
動詞illustrate可以；
受詞procedures，什麼procedures? 文章沒有

(D) To explain how a new policy is applied in specific cases
動詞explain可以；
受詞cases，什麼case? 文章沒有

(E) To summarize the changes made to date as a result of social policy
動詞summarize不對，全文都在explain，讀完沒有什麼歸納、根據以上、因此、結論之感；
受詞changes可以

[icheng]

Question #45

It can be inferref from the passage that application of " other mandates" (see highlighted text) whould be unlikely to result in an outcome satisfactory to the female employees in which of the following situations ?

<need to be fixed>

(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only

Ans. (B)

由於破解版裡面有缺漏選項, 做PP軟體時又剛好沒碰到,
請問大家是否可幫忙補上內文
謝謝!

[kuanchi]

Question #45. 281-07 (23364-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-07)

It can be inferred from the passage that application of "other mandates" (see highlighted text) would be unlikely to result in an outcome satisfactory to the female employees in which of the following situations?

I.
Male employed as long-distance truck drivers for a furniture company make $3.50 more per hour than do female with comparable job experience employed in the same capacity

II.
Women working in the office of a cement company contended that their jobs are as demanding and valuable as those of the men working outside in the cement factory, but the women are paid much less per hour.

III.
A law firm employs both male and female paralegals with the same educational and career backgrounds, but the starting salary for male paralegals is $5,000 more than for a female paralegals.


(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only

補上#45羅馬題內容，也想請問各位大大 該怎麼解?
(可以順道解一下這篇嗎? 被第二段的兩個問題搞混了!)

[amazingslim]

Question #45. 281-07 (23364-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-07)

It can be inferred from the passage that application of "other mandates" (see highlighted text) would be unlikely to result in an outcome satisfactory to the female employees in which of the following situations?沒辦法達到滿意效果
I.
Male employed as long-distance truck drivers for a furniture company make $3.50 more per hour than do female with comparable job experience employed in the same capacity

II.
Women working in the office of a cement company contended that their jobs are as demanding and valuable as those of the men working outside in the cement factory, but the women are paid much less per hour.

III.
A law firm employs both male and female paralegals with the same educational and career backgrounds, but the starting salary for male paralegals is $5,000 more than for a female paralegals.


(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) III only
(D) I and II only
(E) I and III only

補上#45羅馬題內容，也想請問各位大大 該怎麼解?
(可以順道解一下這篇嗎? 被第二段的兩個問題搞混了!)

定位到第三段
Because of the principles driving them, other mandates that can be applied to reduce or eliminate unjustified pay gaps between male and female workers have not remedied perceived pay inequities satisfactorily for the litigants in cases in which men and women hold different jobs.
other mandates適用於有相同工作的男女員工以減少消除pay gaps
但是對於不同工作的男女員工沒有滿意的效果
只有II是不同工作
I and III 都是相同工作

[scottkidd]

Question #44. 281-03 (23315-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-03)

According to the passage, which of the following is true of comparable worth as a policy?

(A) Comparable worth policy decisions in pay-inequity cases have often failed to satisfy the complainants.
(B) Comparable worth policies have been applied to both public-sector and private-sector employee pay schedules.
(C) Comparable worth as a policy has come to be widely criticized in the past decade.
(D) Many employers have considered comparable worth as a policy but very few have actually adopted it.
(E) Early implementations of comparable worth policies resulted in only transitory gains in pay equity.

答案：B
請問Q44該如何定位？

[小花]

Question #44. 281-03 (23315-!-item-!-188;#058&000281-03)

According to the passage, which of the following is true of comparable worth as a policy?

(A) Comparable worth policy decisions in pay-inequity cases have often failed to satisfy the complainants.
(B) Comparable worth policies have been applied to both public-sector and private-sector employee pay schedules.
(C) Comparable worth as a policy has come to be widely criticized in the past decade.
(D) Many employers have considered comparable worth as a policy but very few have actually adopted it.
(E) Early implementations of comparable worth policies resulted in only transitory gains in pay equity.

答案：B
請問Q44該如何定位？

定位第一段 第二句

In the last decade, this approach has become a critical social policy issue, as large numbers of private-sector firms and industries as well as federal, state, and local governmental entities have adopted comparable worth policies or begun to consider doing so.

[chris8888]

However, the question still remains: have the gains already made in pay equity under comparable worth principles been of a precedent-setting nature or are they mostly transitory, a function of concessions made by employers to mislead female employees into believing that they have made long-term pay equity gains?

問題依舊, 收入從來都是precedent-setting nature ? 很難翻譯precedent-setting nature (硬要翻會變成 : 慣例設定的本質)
或者 他們是最短暫的一個讓步的功能, 顧主用來誤導女性員工相信她們已經有了長期的薪資平等的收入

[chris8888]

看到Neither 卻沒有Nor

Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer.

如何解讀較優?

[Huang Hsin-Yi]

Longman

Neither- pronoun. not one or the other of two people or things: neither person/thing
ex:Neither parent cares what happens to the child.

Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar value to the employer
在不同工作中 沒有比較的任務的努力可以決定什麼是做這些工作的必要技能 ..........

[chencraig0227]

Longman

Neither- pronoun. not one or the other of two people or things: neither person/thing
ex:Neither parent cares what happens to the child.

Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs across
occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether or not
what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how, problem-
solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of its dollar
value to the employer
在不同工作中 沒有比較的任務的努力可以決定什麼是做這些工作的必要技能 ..........

In this sense, then, comparable worth is more comprehensive than
other mandates, such as the Equal Pay
Act of 1963 and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Neither compares tasks in dissimilar jobs (that is, jobs
across occupational categories) in an effort to determine whether
or not what is necessary to perform these tasks--know-how,
problem-solving, and accountability--can be quantified in terms of
its dollar value to the employer.

我反倒是認為這邊的Neither指的是上一句的other mandates.

A and B. Neither(none of both)....

這樣翻譯起來也比較順。