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FormosaMBA 傷心咖啡店 • 檢視主題 - GWD-1-Q9 to GWD-1-Q12:

GWD-1-Q9 to GWD-1-Q12:

GMAT 考的是閱讀....閱讀....還是閱讀....

版主: shpassion, Traver0818

GWD-1-Q9 to GWD-1-Q12:

文章agk99 » 2005-01-30 22:52

GWD-1-Q9 to GWD-1-Q12:

Over the last 150 years, large
Stretches of salmon habitat have
been eliminated by human activity:
Line mining, livestock grazing, timber
(5) harvesting, and agriculture as well
as recreational and urban devel-
opment.(第一段第一句肯定最重要) The numerical effect is
obvious: there are fewer salmon
in degraded regions than in pristine
ones; however, habitat loss
also has the potential to reduce
genetic diversity. This is most
evident in cases where it results
in the extinction of entire salmon
(15) populations. Indeed, most
analysts believe that some kind
of environmental degradation
underlies the demise of many
extinct salmon populations.
(20) Although some rivers have
been recolonized, the unique
genes of the original populations
have been lost.
(很明顯第一段是說一種事實,至少是部分科學家的看法)

Large-scale disturbances in
(25) one locale also have the potential
to alter the genetic structure of
populations in neighboring areas,
even if those areas have pristine
habitats. Why? Although the
(30) Homing instinct of salmon to their
Natal stream is strong, a fraction
of the fish returning from the sea
(rarely more than 15 percent)
stray and spawn in nearby
(35) streams. Low levels of straying
are crucial, since the process
provides a source of novel
genes and a mechanism
by which a location can be
(40) repopulated should the fish
there disappear. Yet high rates
of straying can be problematic
because misdirected fish may
interbreed with the existing stock
(45) to such a degree that any local
adaptations that are present
become diluted. Straying
rates remain relatively low when
environmental conditions are
(50) stable, but can increase dramati-
cally when streams suffer severe
disturbance.
(這一句肯定是重點,而且要是讀懂,下一句一定是講例子,就簡單讀過即可)The 1980 volcanic
eruption of Mount Saint Helens,
for example, sent mud and debris
(55) into several tributaries of the
Columbia River. For the next
couple of years, steelhead trout
(a species included among the
salmonids) returning from the
(60) sea to spawn were forced to
find alternative streams. As
a consequence, their rates of
straying, initially 16 percent,
rose to more than 40 percent
(65) overall.
Although no one has quantified
changes in the rate of straying
as a result of the disturbances
caused by humans, there is no
(70) reason to suspect that the effect
would be qualitatively different
than what was seen in the
aftermath of the Mount Saint
Helens eruption.
(作者的意見)Such a dra-
(75) matic increase in straying from
damaged areas to more pristine
streams results in substantial
gene flow, which can in turn lower
the overall fitness of subsequent
generations.
agk99
超級版主
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文章: 3109
註冊時間: 2004-08-24 22:12
來自: Shenzhen, China

文章agk99 » 2005-01-30 22:54

GWD-1-Q9:
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. argue against a conventional explanation for the extinction of certain salmon populations and suggest an alternative
B. correct a common misunderstanding about the behavior of salmon in response to environmental degradation caused by human activity
C. compare the effects of human activity on salmon populations with the effects of natural disturbances on salmon populations
D. differentiate the particular effects of various human activities on salmon habitats
E. describe how environmental degradation can cause changes in salmon populations that extend beyond a numerical reduction

用消去法可以直接刪到剩下AE,至於E,不論是語氣上、態度上又比A好,所以選E
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q10:
It can be inferred from the passage that the occasional failure of some salmon to return to their natal streams in order to spawn provides a mechanism by which

A. pristine streams that are near polluted streams become polluted themselves (文章沒有這種暗示)
B. the particular adaptations of a polluted stream’s salmon population can be preserved without dilution (剛好相反)
C. the number of salmon in pristine habitats decreases relative to the number in polluted streams 
D. an environmentally degraded stream could be recolonized by new salmon populations should the stream recover
E. the extinction of the salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams is accelerated 

(文章若能仔細review一次,應該可以選出D)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q11:
According to the passage, human activity has had which of the following effects on salmon populations?

A. An increase in the size of salmon populations in some previously polluted rivers
B. A decline in the number of salmon in some rivers
C. A decrease in the number straying salmon in some rivers
D. A decrease in the gene flow between salmon populations that spawn in polluted streams and populations that spawn in pristine streams
E. A decline in the vulnerability of some salmon populations to the effects of naturally occurring habitat destruction
(看到human activities直接定位到第一段第一句,就選B啦)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q12:
The author mentions the “aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption” (lines 73-74) most likely in order to

A. provide an example of the process that allows the repopulation of rivers whose indigenous salmon population has become extinct
B. indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream might affect the genetic structure of salmon populations elsewhere
C. provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured
D. show how salmons’ homing instinct can be impaired as a result of severe environmental degradation of their natal streams
E. show why straying rates in salmon populations remain generally low except when spawning streams suffer severe environmental disturbance

選C應該沒問題

感想:
一、這裡的文章雖然是一般考試的兩倍長,但文章長題目一定不難,耐著性子讀可以讀通
二、解答primary purpose的題目,閉上眼睛,把剛讀到的想一想,這一招挺有用的
agk99
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文章: 3109
註冊時間: 2004-08-24 22:12
來自: Shenzhen, China

文章pcl12 » 2005-02-01 21:40

請問11題
看第一段第一句的資訊,可以得到salmon'數量'減少?
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pcl12
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文章: 103
註冊時間: 2004-12-03 19:26

文章liwuu » 2005-02-01 22:41

pcl12 \$m[1]:請問11題
看第一段第一句的資訊,可以得到salmon'數量'減少?


Over the last 150 years, large Stretches of salmon habitat have
been eliminated by human activity:Line mining, livestock grazing, timber harvesting, and agriculture as well as recreational and urban development.
夫妻同心,其利斷金...Magical Mr. MISTOFFELEES
昂首千丘遠,嘯傲風間;堪尋敵手共論劍,高處不勝寒
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liwuu
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文章: 1639
註冊時間: 2004-11-17 06:02

文章pcl12 » 2005-02-01 22:59

不好意思,是”數量”....
因為只看到habitat...所以覺得奇怪....
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pcl12
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文章: 103
註冊時間: 2004-12-03 19:26

文章liwuu » 2005-02-01 23:07

pcl12 \$m[1]:不好意思,是”數量”....
因為只看到habitat...所以覺得奇怪....


呵呵...不好意思!! :PP
看太快囉,我了解你的意思...畢竟只從這一句來看,的確只能做出推論而已
最好再繼續往下看,尤其在line12~15那一句,才明白點出!!
夫妻同心,其利斷金...Magical Mr. MISTOFFELEES
昂首千丘遠,嘯傲風間;堪尋敵手共論劍,高處不勝寒
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liwuu
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文章: 1639
註冊時間: 2004-11-17 06:02

文章Behemoth » 2005-02-01 23:08

同樣是那句

large stretches of salmon habitat have been eliminated

此句即代表數量減少
Eric Chang
MBA Class of 2008
MIT Sloan School of Management
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Behemoth
管理員
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文章: 2948
註冊時間: 2004-09-10 18:19
來自: Boston

文章twkevin » 2005-02-09 19:31

agk99 \$m[1]:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q12:
The author mentions the “aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption” (lines 73-74) most likely in order to

A. provide an example of the process that allows the repopulation of rivers whose indigenous salmon population has become extinct
B. indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream might affect the genetic structure of salmon populations elsewhere
C. provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured
D. show how salmons’ homing instinct can be impaired as a result of severe environmental degradation of their natal streams
E. show why straying rates in salmon populations remain generally low except when spawning streams suffer severe environmental disturbance

選C應該沒問題


Q12 我選B
在CD 也有長篇討論過這題 不過似乎也沒明確結論

why I favor (B):
最後一段
Although no one has quantified
changes in the rate of straying
as a result of the disturbances
caused by humans, there is no
reason to suspect that the effect
would be qualitatively different
than what was seen in the
aftermath of the Mount Saint
Helens eruption.


再往回看原提及 eruption of Mount Saint Helen ( 52行)
是來說明straying rates can increase dramatically when streams suffer severe disturbance.

而straying rates 是在說明 ( 第二段開頭 )
Large-scale disturbances in one locale also have the potential
to alter the genetic structure of populations in neighboring areas,


B.indicate the extent to which the disturbance of salmon habitat by human activity in one stream might affect the genetic structure of salmon populations elsewhere

至於(C)
C.provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured

# a standard of comparison : 原文只提及there is no reason to suspect that .. 還不到成為 standard
# should be measured : 原文只提及 Although no one has quantified ...
雖然.... 但作者也沒說should be measured
What you put in is what you get out of an MBA.
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twkevin
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高級會員
 
文章: 326
註冊時間: 2005-01-05 21:53

文章davidlee0222 » 2005-02-09 19:48

(第一段第一句肯定最重要)

ㄟ~依小弟經驗
好像不一定...
當然是可以知道全文主題沒錯
可是小弟做閱讀的經驗
還是必須要讀完全文才能判定文章主軸
就像小時後國文要寫文章大意是一樣道理
有時候第一句話是廢話
但卻專門用來誤導想從第一句話找出全文主旨的人
而且這樣對開放性閱讀會無法進步
davidlee0222
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文章: 3017
註冊時間: 2004-12-14 19:54

文章pcl12 » 2005-02-10 01:56

Q12 做這題的時候,我也選B
也覺得C中的standard有點怪怪的,若改成sample較好些....
但我想C也是說得通的
因為回頭看第9題main idea 的答案E
C中的the impact of human activity是呼應了第9題E 中的 environmental degradation(是人類活動造成的)和main idea相切合
另外我覺得although那句給人的感覺像是作者為了呼應他所要強調希望大家正視人類活動對生態造成的衝擊的中心意念而寫(而C就有點醬的意味,但是不夠直接)
although 那句是:雖然沒有量化數據上的改變(隱含沒有測量過之意)...但也不能因此覺得人類活動不會像自然環境變化那樣造成生物的滅絕...所以C算接近但不夠直接

而把各分散的pieces整合起來可以得到B,但是就文章而言I在說人類的活動的干擾
II在說自然環境的干擾和如何干擾(ex.volcanic eruption)但未見比較I. II段兩種因素的相似處
所以說人類活動會像火山那樣造成一樣的程度也就是造成neighboring area的 gene structure change 有點奇怪
真奇怪,我竟然自己推翻了自己的答案...sigh~~~~還是事後看比較清楚,比較有思路考試時也能醬靈光就了 :sad
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文章: 103
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文章myron » 2005-03-27 17:41

Low levels of straying
are crucial, since the process
provides a source of novel
genes and a mechanism
by which a location can be
(40) repopulated should the fish
there disappear.

請問這句的意思是??
myron
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文章: 153
註冊時間: 2004-11-08 09:46

文章davidlee0222 » 2005-03-28 17:13

Low levels of straying
are crucial, since the process
provides a source
of novel
genes and a mechanism
by which a location can be
(40) repopulated should the fish
there disappear
.

since這裡當"因為"
紅色是主要結構
紫色是次要結構補數
抓到主要結構即可
(請參考小弟"輕功水上飄"教學)

低的繁殖力是極關鍵的
因為這個繁殖過程提供了兩個東西
1.新基因的來源
2.一個"..."的機制

should當if用,是"萬一"
要從後面翻回來
是一個"當魚萬一滅絕時,可以重新繁衍的一個地方"的機制
davidlee0222
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文章: 3017
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文章myron » 2005-03-29 10:55

原來<should當if用,是"萬一" >,我懂了.

感謝david兄的指教!!
myron
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文章: 153
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文章訪客 » 2005-04-12 23:48

第12題選B我覺得有很大的問題
aftermath of the Mount Saint Helens eruption=>很明顯再呼應第二段所講的東東,也就是反human activity的
答案B指出這是這是人類活動造成基因結構的影響,完全文不對題
訪客
 

文章nicoleliu » 2005-04-30 01:27

我想請問一個弱弱的問題喔..... ;-$
(c) provide a standard of comparison against which the impact of human activity on the gene flow among salmon populations should be measured

c選項中的against 有oppose 反對之意ㄇ??
我對它的理解為...provide a standard of comparison 來"反對"人類活動的影響應該被衡量~
請問我這樣的理解正確ㄇ??? *-)
Class of 2008, MBA @ Babson College
Co-President of Marketing & PR
Asia Business Club
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文章: 274
註冊時間: 2004-11-01 09:16
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