GWD-9-Q33 to GWD-9-Q36:

[agk99]

GWD-9-Q33 to GWD-9-Q36:

Scientists studying the physiology
of dinosaurs have long debated whether
dinosaurs were warm- or cold-blooded. (第一句就講出本文的概念，要有預感本文不是同意其中任一方，就是另提第三種觀點)
Line Those who suspect they were warm-
(5) blooded point out that dinosaur bone
is generally fibro-lamellar in nature;
because fibro-lamellar bone is formed
quickly, the bone fibrils, or filaments, are
laid down haphazardly. Consistent with
(10) their rapid growth rate, warm-blooded
animals, such as birds and mammals,
tend to produce fibro-lamellar bone,
whereas reptiles, which are slowgrowing
and cold-blooded, generally
(15) produce bone in which fibrils are laid
down parallel to each other. Moreover,
like the bone of birds and mammals,
dinosaur bone tends to be highly
vascularzed, or filled with blood
(20) vessels. These characteristics,
first recognized in the 1930’s,
were documented in the 1960’s by
de Ricqlès, who found highly vascularized,
fibro-lamellar bone in several
(25) groups of dinosaurs. In the 1970’s,
Bakker cited these characteristics as
evidence for the warm-bloodedness of
dinosaurs. Although de Ricqlès urged
caution, arguing for an intermediate type
(30) of dinosaur physiology, a generation of
paleontologists has come to believe
that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike.
In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s
contention began to be questioned, as a
(35) number of scientists found growth rings
in the bones of various dinosaurs that
are much like those in modern reptiles.
Bone growth in reptiles is periodic in
nature, producing a series of concentric
(40) rings in the bone, not unlike the growth
rings of a tree. Recently, Chinsamy
investigated the bones of two dinosaurs
from the early Jurassic period
(208-187 million years ago), and found
(45) that these bones also had growth rings;
however, they were also partially fibro lamellar
in nature. Chinsamy’s work
raises a question central to the debate
over dinosaur physiology: did dino-
(50) saurs form fibro-lamellar bone because
of an innately high metabolic rate associated
with warm-bloodedness or
because of periods of unusually fast
growth that occurred under favorable
(55) environmental conditions? (Although
modern reptiles generally do not form
Fibro-lamellar bone, juvenile crocodiles
raised under optimal environmental
conditions do.)括號反而要讀，有題 This question remains
(60) unanswered; indeed, taking all the evidence
into account, one cannot make
a definitive statement about dinosaur
physiology on the basis of dinosaur
bone. It may be that dinosaurs had an
(65) intermediate pattern of bone structure
because their physiology was neither
typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian.
最後一句是關鍵，果然作者提出第三種觀點，但注意語氣上並未否定任何一方

[agk99]

GWD-9-Q33:
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was

A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès
B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers
C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time
D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists
E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy
Answer: 本選A，解答給D，我的理解是考讀者是否看出作者同意R先生的caution的看法，想想是比A好，解題恐怕不能牽就warrented這種單一的字眼
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-9-Q34:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. discuss the influence on other scientists of Bakker’s argument concerning the
warm-bloodedness of dinosaurs (錯)
B. provide evidence that supports the claim that dinosaurs were cold-blooded (錯)
C. challenge the contention that dinosaur bone tissue is innately fibro-lamellar
D. evaluate the claim that dinosaur bone tissue provides evidence for the warm bloodedness of dinosaurs
E. resolve the disagreement between de Ricqlès and Bakker over the nature of
dinosaur physiology (必錯)

Answer: 選D，作者並未直接否定別人的意見，只是提出第三種看法
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-9-Q35:
According to the passage, the discovery of growth rings in the bones of certain dinosaurs served to undermine which of the following claims?

A. That modern reptiles are related to dinosaurs
B. That bone growth in dinosaurs was periodic in nature
C. That dinosaurs were warm-blooded
D. That dinosaurs had an intermediate type of physiology
E. That fibro-lamellar bone is the product of a rapid growth rate

Answer: 選C
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-9-Q36:
The author of the passage mentions bone growth patterns in juvenile crocodiles most
likely in order to
A. provide support for the argument that reptiles are not related to dinosaurs
B. undermine the claim that most reptiles are slow-growing
C. offer an explanation as to why juvenile crocodiles differ from most modern
reptiles
D. suggest the juvenile crocodiles have a type of physiology intermediate between
that of mammals and that of reptiles
E. suggest that the presence of fibro-lamellar bone does not resolve the debate over
dinosaur physiology

Answer: E (本想選A的，但看到E，感覺比A更好)

[gogotu]

GWD-9-Q33:
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was

A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès
B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers
C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time
D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists
E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy
Answer: 本選A，解答給D，我的理解是考讀者是否看出作者同意R先生的caution的看法，想想是比A好，解題恐怕不能牽就warrented這種單一的字眼

完全同意。
我本來也是選A，就是沒看懂這個題目。題目問的是本文作者對這個caution的態度為何，而不是在問Ricqles認為要對恐龍為溫血動物持caution態度的原因。顯然作者對於這個caution是持認同的態度！

[shine822]

GWD-9-Q33:
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was

A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès
B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers
C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time
D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists
E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy
Answer: 本選A，解答給D，我的理解是考讀者是否看出作者同意R先生的caution的看法，想想是比A好，解題恐怕不能牽就warrented這種單一的字眼

完全同意。
我本來也是選A，就是沒看懂這個題目。題目問的是本文作者對這個caution的態度為何，而不是在問Ricqles認為要對恐龍為溫血動物持caution態度的原因。顯然作者對於這個caution是持認同的態度！

我選的是 E

我覺得 D 不能選的原因是 warranted (有保證、斷言等極為肯定的意思），作者整篇的態度並不是這麼POSITIVE啊！

而 R 先生在 29 行的的確確認同了 intermediate type 的可能性
後來也影響了 C 的研究工作

E 不是比 D 好多了嗎？

[NEWUNIVERSE]

warranted 可以翻為使..有正當理由.使 ..有根據
相信這樣解讀
就不會武斷了
根據最後一段文意可以查出
作者中立的態度
樓上大大已經解答很清楚了
請參考^^

[csc]

I agree with A. because the passage mentioned "Although de
Ricqlès urged caution, arguing for an intermediate type of
dinosaur physiology, a generation of Paleontologists has come
to believe that dinosaur bone is mammalian like.", it sounds like
that the author think that R did not make sure his theory but a
generation of Paleontologists has come to believe that. So from
my point of view, I regard A as the best answer.

[candrow]

warranted 可以翻為使..有正當理由.使 ..有根據
相信這樣解讀
就不會武斷了
根據最後一段文意可以查出
作者中立的態度
樓上大大已經解答很清楚了
請參考^^

沒錯！
而且就算嚴格看
warrant並沒有問題啊...

先注意這題問的是:作者對DR提出的caution持什麼態度。

當C根據DR的發現判斷恐龍是溫血動物，DR說應該小心謹慎，指C太早下結論了。後面第二段就帶入其他scientist的發現，恐龍體內也存有冷血動物的骨質，這種雙骨質存在的情況，在現代的juvenile crocodile(年輕鱷魚)也有發現過，但鱷魚是冷血動物，顯示恐龍有可能就是這樣情形。

由此可知，作者對DR當年提出的警告是持認同的正面態度，而且後來的科學家的確也提出證據(warrant=crocodile)，證明該結論並"不穩當"(注意這裡要提出的證據是證明DR說的caution有其用意，而非恐龍不是溫血，況且DR只有找到恐龍和溫血動物相近的證據，結論不是他提的)。

AB持負面態度，直接刪，也不是C所說的是當年科學家普遍都有的認識，E也not mentioned。

[gaspper]

GWD-9-Q34:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
D) evaluate the claim that dinosaur bone tissue provides evidence for the warm bloodedness of dinosaurs
E) resolve the disagreement between de Ricqlès and Bakker over the nature of dinosaur physiology

請問 (D) 為什麼比 (E) 好 ? (D) "evaluate" 雖是妥切的用字但只提到一種的觀點；而 (E) 的 resolve 雖沒有 evaluate 好，但作者確實意在提出第三種可能以調和兩種相異的觀點...

請問把 (E) 刪除而留下 (D) 的考量有哪些呢 ?

[hccill]

GWD-9-Q34:
The primary purpose of the passage is to
D) evaluate the claim that dinosaur bone tissue provides evidence for the warm bloodedness of dinosaurs
E) resolve the disagreement between de Ricqlès and Bakker over the nature of dinosaur physiology

請問 (D) 為什麼比 (E) 好 ? (D) "evaluate" 雖是妥切的用字但只提到一種的觀點；而 (E) 的 resolve 雖沒有 evaluate 好，但作者確實意在提出第三種可能以調和兩種相異的觀點...

請問把 (E) 刪除而留下 (D) 的考量有哪些呢 ?

因為作者並沒有要調和兩個觀點阿~
而是提出第三觀點,所以(E)錯!!

[nexxt0722]

warranted 可以翻為使..有正當理由.使 ..有根據

沒錯！
而且就算嚴格看
warrant並沒有問題啊...

先注意這題問的是:作者對DR提出的caution持什麼態度。

當C根據DR的發現判斷恐龍是溫血動物，DR說應該小心謹慎，指C太早下結論了。後面第二段就帶入其他scientist的發現，恐龍體內也存有冷血動物的骨質，這種雙骨質存在的情況，在現代的juvenile crocodile(年輕鱷魚)也有發現過，但鱷魚是冷血動物，顯示恐龍有可能就是這樣情形。

由此可知，作者對DR當年提出的警告是持認同的正面態度，而且後來的科學家的確也提出證據(warrant=crocodile)，證明該結論並"不穩當"(注意這裡要提出的證據是證明DR說的caution有其用意，而非恐龍不是溫血，況且DR只有找到恐龍和溫血動物相近的證據，結論不是他提的)。

AB持負面態度，直接刪，也不是C所說的是當年科學家普遍都有的認識，E也not mentioned。

關於Q33,同意C大的說法,嚴謹而清晰,支持D

[Jen-Cheng]

10-33
這一題這樣看就懂了
The author would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) was ....

再回來看這一段

Although de Ricqlès urged
caution, arguing for an intermediate type
(30) of dinosaur physiology, a generation of
paleontologists has come to believe
that dinosaur bone is mammalianlike.
In the 1980’s, however, Bakker’s
contention began to be questioned,


答案就是D

[mandy-lo]

GWD-9-Q33:
The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that the “caution” (line 29) urged
by de Ricqlès regarding claims about dinosaur physiology was
A. unjustified by the evidence available to de Ricqlès
B. unnecessary, given the work done by Bakker and his followers
C. indicative of the prevailing scientific opinion at the time
D. warranted, given certain subsequent findings of other scientists
E. influential in the recent work of Chinsamy
Answer:
我覺得這題是D選沒錯,但是與各位大大的理解有點不同…

This question remains
(60) unanswered; indeed,ndeed, taking all the evidence
into account, one cannot make
a definitive statement about dinosaur
physiology on the basis of dinosaur
bone. It may be that dinosaurs had an
(65) intermediate pattern of bone structure
because their physiology was neither
typically reptilian, mammalian, nor avian.

從最後一段可以看出作者可能較會同意dR觀點中：表示可能有中間狀態的存在，
但並沒有再提出第三種觀點或新的觀點，而D選就對啦！作者對dR的“caution”從這
段中仔細體會，然後再看D的答案…還是d最好，A/B必錯，並沒有負面的態度，
C無關，至於E並非作者對dR的“caution”的看法

(p.s第2次回應討論版還是肉腳一枚,若解說有誤,歡迎指正)

[pimi]

在第四行中講到
Those who suspect they were warm- blooded
這不就是說those是懷疑恐龍是溫血動物
可為什麼point out的卻是支持恐龍是溫血動物的句子呢??

[dibert8]

Those {who suspect they were warm-
blooded} point out that dinosaur bone
is generally fibro-lamellar in nature;

懷疑(i.e.心裡覺得)恐龍是溫血動物的人指出...

[willow]

GWD-9-Q36:
The author of the passage mentions bone growth patterns in juvenile crocodiles most likely in order to
A. provide support for the argument that reptiles are not related to dinosaurs
B. undermine the claim that most reptiles are slow-growing
C. offer an explanation as to why juvenile crocodiles differ from most modern
reptiles
D. suggest the juvenile crocodiles have a type of physiology intermediate between
that of mammals and that of reptiles
E. suggest that the presence of fibro-lamellar bone does not resolve the debate over
dinosaur physiology

Answer: E


請問E是如何推導出來的？

Although
modern reptiles generally do not form
fibro-lamellar bone, juvenile crocodiles
raised under optimal environmental
conditions do.

C這個選項不就是完全解釋這一段嗎？

煩請各位大大解惑，感恩。