GWD-10-Q4 to GWD-10-Q6:

[agk99]

GWD-10-Q4 to GWD-10-Q6:

Prior to 1965 geologists assumed
that the two giant rock plates meeting at
the San Andreas Fault generate heat
through friction as they grind past each
(5) other, but in 1965 Henyey found that
temperatures in drill holes near the
fault were not as elevated as had
been expected. Some geologists
wondered whether the absence of
(10) friction-generated heat could be
explained by the kinds of rock composing
the fault. Geologists’ pre-1965
assumptions concerning heat generated
in the fault were based on
(15) calculations about common varieties of
rocks, such as limestone and granite;
but “weaker” materials, such as clays,
had already been identified in samples
retrieved from the fault zone. Under
(20) normal conditions, rocks composed of
clay produce far less friction than do
other rock types.

講的非常清楚，因為只有硬石才能磨擦生熱，軟石如clay就不行，
間接說明沒有如預期生熱的狀況

In 1992 Byerlee tested whether
these materials would produce friction
(25) 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth’s
surface. Byerlee found that when clay
samples were subjected to the thousands
of atmospheres of pressure
they would encounter deep inside the
(30) Earth, they produced as much friction
as was produced by other rock types.
The harder rocks push against each
other, the hotter they become; in other
words, pressure itself, not only the
(35) rocks’ properties, affects frictional
heating. Geologists therefore wondered
whether the friction between the
plates was being reduced by pockets
of pressurized water within the fault that
push the plates away from each other.
不是作者意見，而是講針對這項issue的科學家研究概況
本篇基本不難

[agk99]

GWD-10-Q4:
The passage suggests which of the following regarding Henyey’s findings about
temperature in the San Andreas Fault?
A. Scientists have yet to formulate a definitive explanation for Henyey’s findings.
B. Recent research suggests that Henyey’s explanation for the findings should be
modified.
C. Henyey’s findings had to be recalculated in light of Byerlee’s 1992 experiment.(錯)
D. Henyey’s findings provided support for an assumption long held by geologists.(錯)
E. Scientists have been unable to duplicate Henyey’s findings using more recent
experimental methods.
Answer: 這題答案給A，是可以理解，但似乎是弦外之音，而非直接定位吧，請教各位--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-10-Q5:
The passage is primarily concerned with
A. evaluating a method used to test a particular scientific hypothesis
B. discussing explanations for an unexpected scientific finding
C. examining the assumptions underlying a particular experiment
D. questioning the validity of a scientific finding
E. presenting evidence to support a recent scientific hypothesis
Answer: 全篇來看，當然是B好一些，A錯在method
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-10-Q6:
The passage mostly agree that Heney’s findings about temperature in the San Andreas
Fault made the greatest contribution in that they

A. revealed an error in previous measurements of temperature in the San Andreas Fault zone
B. indicated the types of clay present in the rocks that form the San Andreas Fault
C. established the superiority of a particular technique for evaluating data concerning friction in the San Andreas Fault
D. suggested that geologists had inaccurately assumed that giant rock plates that meet at the San Andreas Fault generate heat through friction
E. confirmed geologists’ assumptions about the amount of friction generated by common varieties of rocks, such as limestone and granite

Answer: D

[Behemoth]

10-4可見36~40行
文中的wonder表示還沒找到真正原因
正好對應a選項中的have yet....
於是選a

[kikisky]

B爺的好像比較有道理ㄟ........


我是先看了題型：

The passage suggests which of the following regarding Henyey’s findings about temperature in the San Andreas Fault?

決定它是細節題
所以回文章中找Henyey’s findings

Prior to 1965 geologists assumed
that the two giant rock plates meeting at
the San Andreas Fault generate heat
through friction as they grind past each
(5) other, but in 1965 Henyey found that
temperatures in drill holes near the
fault were not as elevated as had
been expected.

& 進一步的細節

Some geologists
wondered whether the absence of
(10) friction-generated heat could be
explained by the kinds of rock composing
the fault.

可能跟B爺說的大同小異吧
可是~
想想
又覺得
B爺的好像比較有道理........

[pcl12]

請問Q5 的 C選項是錯在...?

[liwuu]

請問Q5 的 C選項是錯在...?

如同B選項,第二段中的實驗是用來解釋討論該意外發現的可能原因!!

[agk99]

10-5就如五阿哥所說

10-4我可以理解B爺及叮噹的說法
只是這既然是講H的看法，要憑空由36行直接印證，難度頗高呢

[ay0684]

想要問一下10-Q6:
A. revealed an error in previous measurements of temperature in the San Andreas Fault zone
為什麼不對啊
文中不是說 溫度不有比預期的高嗎?

[eggcake520]

想要問一下10-Q6:
文中不是說 溫度不有比預期的高嗎?

你說的沒錯，但文中可曾提到an error in previous measurements嗎?

[ay0684]

謝謝 我全瞭了

[CUGGYER]

這篇文章對我有點難><
我嘗試把他分析 請大家我幫看看有沒有理解錯誤

Prior to 1965 geologists assumed
that the two giant rock plates meeting at
the San Andreas Fault generate heat
through friction as they grind past each
(5) other, but in 1965 Henyey found that
temperatures in drill holes near the
fault were not as elevated as had
been expecte.
指出一個新發現的現象 板塊摩擦溫度沒預期的高

elevated as had
been expected. Some geologists
wondered whether the absence of
(10) friction-generated heat could be
explained by the kinds of rock composing
the fault. Geologists’ pre-1965
assumptions concerning heat generated
in the fault were based on
(15) calculations about common varieties of
rocks, such as limestone and granite;
but “weaker” materials, such as clays,
had already been identified in samples
retrieved from the fault zone. Under
(20) normal conditions, rocks composed of
clay produce far less friction than do
other rock types.
解釋這個發現的第一個討論
“ 岩石材質 “ harder rock produce more frictional heating than weaker
In 1992 Byerlee tested whether
these materials would produce friction
(25) 10 to 15 kilometers below the Earth’s
surface. Byerlee found that when clay
samples were subjected to the thousands
of atmospheres of pressure
they would encounter deep inside the
(30) Earth, they produced as much friction
as was produced by other rock types.
The harder rocks push against each
other, the hotter they become; in other
words, pressure itself, not only the
(35) rocks’ properties, affects frictional
heating.

1992 Byerlee 測試第一個解釋 發現壓力也會影響
material and pressure affect frictional heating
Geologists therefore wondered
whether the friction between the
plates was being reduced by pockets
of pressurized water within the fault that
push the plates away from each other.
另一個說明的討論 水壓是否會影響摩擦溫度

[pamelatsai]

我覺得6題還是選(A)
Heney是發現friction產生的溫度並沒有預期的高
但並沒有否定generate heat through friction這件事
而且文章後面的討論都是針對"其他reduce temperature"的因素
表示原本的計算有問題,所以(A)選項中的an error in previous measurements of temperature應該是沒錯的

還請大家指教囉~~

[michelle610]

我覺得6題還是選(A)
Heney是發現friction產生的溫度並沒有預期的高
但並沒有否定generate heat through friction這件事
而且文章後面的討論都是針對"其他reduce temperature"的因素
表示原本的計算有問題,所以(A)選項中的an error in previous measurements of temperature應該是沒錯的

還請大家指教囉~~

先說一下 第六題我覺得A有錯的地方在於an error in previous measurements-----> 文章第一段唯一有講到測量的只有H這個人去測量兩個板塊附近的鑽孔的溫度,學者們是"假設"SA斷層的兩個板塊相撞會產生摩擦熱能,所以A不對(雖然我也是選A啦)

再者,這篇文章是應該:(拍勢!借回你的文順便獻個醜)

第一段

1965年以前的地質學家假設SA斷層的兩個板塊摩擦產生熱能,結果1965年有一個H很無聊的跑去測量SA斷層附近的鑽孔發現:那個鑽孔的溫度並沒有想像中的高!!!----->所以H的發現是在暗示地質學家的假設有誤(也就是第六題選A的原因),然後這些地質學家就跳出來說有沒有產生摩擦熱能和板塊的組成成分有關!!!又1965年以前的地質學家也假設說硬的石頭才會有摩擦熱;軟的石頭不會有.(哈哈這些地質學家拿"石頭"砸自己的腳啦),但是事實已經證明了,這兩塊板塊的成分是軟的石頭----->產生矛盾啦,又假設板塊有產生摩擦熱能,又說會產生摩擦熱能的板塊是要硬石頭的,結果踢到鐵板,板塊是軟的石頭----->因此可預期下一段會在提出一個說法解釋這個矛盾

第二段
1992年一個B學者提出一個實驗發現,就算是軟的石頭在大氣壓力之下也會變質並且產生和硬的石頭一樣的熱能出來,然後越硬的石頭互相擠壓越多的熱能產生,因此除了板塊本身的組成成分之外,壓力的本身也是會影響到摩擦熱能的產生的!!!所以地質學家又假設了,是不是因為在斷層的局部水壓使的兩個板塊分開了所以造成了摩擦熱能的降低.------>簡言之,個人以為地質學家就是不肯承認他們的假設錯了,所以找了一堆理由去回答H的疑問並且支持他們的假設(這是不是就是學者的悲哀阿!!!)

獻醜了 有錯請指教阿!!!

[pamelatsai]

不好意思喔~
我的判斷標準在於文章第7行有提到
that temperatures near the hole were not elevated as had been expected
不就表示先前已經有了一個溫度的標準
Heney去測量以後才發現先前溫度衡量的數字是不正確的

還請指教囉~

[michelle610]

我是覺得"had been expected "
應該是Heney聽了1965年以前的地質學家的假設,所以他預期那附近的洞的溫度應該是要高溫的,但他去量了之後發現並不如他預期的!!!
所以還是H這傢伙去量低!!!

請指教