GWD24-3-24-6

網站 · 由 **agk99** » 2005-02-13 00:27

GWD24-3-24-6
Passage one(生物類型閱讀)

More selective than most chemical pesticides in that they ordinarily destroy only unwanted(沒有用的) species, bio-control agents (such as insects, fungi, and viruses) eat, infect, or parasitize targeted plant or animal pests. However, bio-control agents can negatively affect nontarget species by, for example, competing with them for resources: a bio-control agent might reduce the benefits conferred by a desirable animal species by consuming a plant on which the animal prefers to lay its eggs.

(語氣承接)Another example of indirect negative consequences occurred in England when a virus introduced to control rabbits reduced the amount of open ground (because large rabbit populations reduce the ground cover), in turn reducing underground ant nests and triggering the extinction of a blue butterfly that had depended on the nests to shelter its offspring. The paucity(缺乏) of known extinctions of disruptions resulting from indirect interactions may reflect not the infrequency of such mishaps but rather the failure to look for or to detect them: Most organisms likely to be adversely affected by indirect interactions are of little or no known commercial value and the events linking a bio-control agent with an adverse effect are often unclear. Moreover, determining the potential risks of bio-control agents before they are used is difficult, especially when a nonnative agent is introduced, because, unlike a chemical pesticide, a bio-control agent may adapt in unpredictable ways, so that it can feed on or otherwise harm new hosts.

24-3 The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) explaining why until recently scientists failed to recognize the risks presented by bio-control agents.
(B) emphasizing that bio-control agents and chemical pesticides have more similarities than differences.
(C) suggesting that only certain bio-control agents should be used to control plant or animal pasts.
(D) arguing that bio-control agents involve risks, some of which may not be readily discerned.
(E) suggesting that mishaps involving bio-control agents are relatively commonplace.

答案給D，我選A，理由是文章沒有講到why嗎？

24-4 The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements about the use of bio-control agents?
(A) Bio-control agent should be used only in cases where chemical pesticides have proven ineffective or overly dangerous.
(B) Extinctions and disruptions resulting from the use of bio-control agents are likely to have increasingly severe commercial consequences.
(C) The use of bio-control agents does not require regulation as stringent as that required by the use of chemical pesticides.
(D) The use of bio-control agents may even finally supersede the use of chemical pesticides in controlling unwanted species.
(E) The risks of using native bio-control agents may be easier to predict than the risks of using nonnative bio-control agents.

答案給E，想請問D是否錯在supersede。對照第一段第一句，文章只說a bio control is more selective than chemical pestcides，這不代表supersede嗎？

24-5 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as an indirect effect of using a bio-control agent?
(A) Reduction of the commercial value of a desirable animal species
(B) An unintended proliferation of a nontarget animal species
(C) An unforeseen mutation in a target species
(D) Diminution of the positive effects conferred by a nontarget animal species
(E) Competition for resources with a largest species

答案給D，想請教對照文章第一段最後一句，是否文章中的reduce benefit conferred by desirable animal species與題目中A的（ Reduction of the commercial value of a desirable animal species）還是有一段差距？

24-6 The example presented by the author in lines 14-23 most clearly serves to illustrate
(A) a situation in which a species is less vulnerable to biocontrol agents than it would have been to chemical pesticides.
(B) a way in which the introduction of a biocontrol agent can affect a nontarget species.
(C) a nonnative agent’s adapting in an unpredictable way that results in damage to a new host.
(D) the contention that biocontrol agents can harm nontarget species by competing with them for resources.
(E) the way in which indirect consequences from the use of biocontrol agents are most likely to occurs.

答案給B

網站 · 由 **agk99** » 2005-02-13 00:40

More selective than most chemical pesticides in that they ordinarily destroy only unwanted(沒有用的) species, bio-control agents (such as insects, fungi, and viruses) eat, infect, or parasitize targeted plant or animal pests.

第一句講的是bio-control agent比chemical psetcides在destroy unwanted species上更selective，只是我不太能體會selective在這的概念為何

However, bio-control agents can negatively affect nontarget species by, for example, competing with them for resources: a bio-control agent might reduce the benefits conferred by a desirable animal species by consuming a plant on which the animal prefers to lay its eggs.

第二句講的是bio-control會對非目標的species也會透過剝奪競爭資源而帶來負面影響，舉例來說bio control agent會減少由desirable animal產生的好處，這種減少的動作主要是透過消耗那些動物會下蛋的植物來進行

(語氣承接)Another example of indirect negative consequences occurred in England when a virus introduced to control rabbits reduced the amount of open ground (because large rabbit populations reduce the ground cover), in turn reducing underground ant nests and triggering the extinction of a blue butterfly that had depended on the nests to shelter its offspring.

另一個間接產生的負面因素的例子主要是當一種病毒去控制會減少草地數量的兔子，結果(in turn)反而造成減少地面上的蟻窩，而且引起藍蝶的滅絕，這些蝴蝶都在賴這些蟻窩去保護他們的後代。

The paucity(缺乏) of known extinctions of disruptions resulting from indirect interactions may reflect not the infrequency of such mishaps but rather the failure to look for or to detect them:

這一句不容易翻，請各位指教

Most organisms likely to be adversely affected by indirect interactions are of little or no known commercial value and the events linking a bio-control agent with an adverse effect are often unclear.

多數可能會被間接交互作用影響的有機物都是沒有經濟利益，而且這些關連性伴隨負面影響的產生其實都不明顯
Moreover, determining the potential risks of bio-control agents before they are used is difficult, especially when a nonnative agent is introduced, because, unlike a chemical pesticide, a bio-control agent may adapt in unpredictable ways, so that it can feed on or otherwise harm new hosts.

這也就是說，要找出bio-control agent的潛在風險是很難的，特別是nonnative的agent是更難。理由就是a bio-cocntrol agent都是unpredictable，以致於不是被吃了，就是傷到了新的"宿主"，後果實在難料。

由 **Calvin** » 2005-02-13 04:21

24-3
explain why....wrong, the passage does not focus on explaining why secientists cannot recognize the risk.

24-4
supersede...wrong, supersede means 取代、讓位、接替
the passage does not say that...

24-5
A is not an indirect effect of using a bio-control agent, I think A is a direct effect.

FYI

網站 · 由 **agk99** » 2005-02-13 10:22

謝謝樓上

由 **kikisky** » 2005-02-13 14:22

大哥,
第一句除了那個selective很難懂之外
我想另外問那個they指的是????

More selective than most chemical pesticides in that they ordinarily destroy only unwanted(沒有用的) species, bio-control agents (such as insects, fungi, and viruses) eat, infect, or parasitize targeted plant or animal pests.

我原本覺得they指的是pesticides,
但如果用莫杯杯說法：代名詞優先代替原題主詞的話....they 就會變成biocontrol agent了.....
醬句意完全就不一樣了ㄟ............ ;''(

-------------------------------------------
還有,
那個in turn比較是(time)sequence的觀念吧(??)~事情出現的先後順序
講成"結果".....好像有點怪怪的(我是在說我啦~)
-----------------------------------------

The paucity(缺乏) of known extinctions of disruptions resulting from indirect interactions may reflect not the infrequency of such mishaps but rather the failure to look for or to detect them:

這一句應該是帶進新的話題

"這類(間接交互作用所產生已知的滅種的)缺乏反應出來的應該不是這類mishap(不幸事件??)的稀少性
而是反應出[尋找or查獲真相的他們(mishaps)的]失敗"
(disruption我也不知道要怎麼翻?? *-)

)

然後"："之後就再進一步解釋前面一句話的內容(就如妳說的~)

Most organisms likely to be adversely affected by indirect interactions are of little or no known commercial value and the events linking a bio-control agent with an adverse effect are often unclear.
多數可能會被間接交互作用影響的有機物都是沒有經濟利益，而且這些關連性伴隨負面影響的產生其實都不明顯

(醬有把意思串起來了沒???)

(我覺得很久沒練.....真的差很多......幫自己找藉口 ;-$

)
(魚姐最近不知在忙什麼?? *-)

好久沒來了~

)
B爺來救人啦~~~~

由 **Behemoth** » 2005-02-13 14:35

agk99 \$m[1]:More selective than most chemical pesticides in that they ordinarily destroy only unwanted(沒有用的) species, bio-control agents (such as insects, fungi, and viruses) eat, infect, or parasitize targeted plant or animal pests.

第一句講的是bio-control agent比chemical psetcides在destroy unwanted species上更selective，只是我不太能體會selective在這的概念為何

selective在此可直譯為更具有選擇性,亦即應用面更廣的意思

The paucity(缺乏) of known extinctions of disruptions resulting from indirect interactions may reflect not the infrequency of such mishaps but rather the failure to look for or to detect them:

這一句不容易翻，請各位指教

非間接互動造成毀滅性絕種的乏人問津並不代表此種悲劇的減少而代表其偵測行動的失敗

好像翻的怪怪的,多指教~

由 **Behemoth** » 2005-02-13 14:38

補充叮噹的疑問
第一句的they是代chemical agents

由 **kikisky** » 2005-02-13 14:58

B爺~~
所以~~意思是說
這裡代名詞不是代主詞囉~~~!!

那個selective.....偶...........
可以請[tab]B爺更進一步說明是哪方面的selective嗎???
是prey?? 還是predator ?? 還是way(destroy)???
(希望妳有看得懂我在問什麼~~@@)

妳那個翻譯番的比我好多了~~ ;yes;

由 **Behemoth** » 2005-02-13 15:07

我想我剛講的應用面就是你這裡說的way(destroy)
沒錯吧~

由 **kikisky** » 2005-02-13 15:19

謝B爺~~

由 **soami** » 2005-04-16 21:17

kikisky \$m[1]:B爺~~
所以~~意思是說
這裡代名詞不是代主詞囉~~~!!

那個selective.....偶...........
可以請[tab]B爺更進一步說明是哪方面的selective嗎???
是prey?? 還是predator ?? 還是way(destroy)???
(希望妳有看得懂我在問什麼~~@@)

妳那個翻譯番的比我好多了~~

雖然我不是學生物的，但是學企管的人就是要會瞎掰。
小弟來蓋一下這個selective。

首句就說明了大部分的化學殺蟲劑只能毀滅沒有用的物種
下面那句又說 biocontrol agents 可以吃害蟲也可以寄生於植物或是動物身上
，哇多功能耶，所以實際上被運用的範圍較廣。

總結一句話： biocontrol agents 被實際運用的選擇性比化學殺蟲劑高
白話就是說....biocontrol agents 比較好用啦。

由 **dearpiow** » 2005-09-11 22:03

請問GWD24-4答案E從哪裡定位呢?
謝謝

由 **lijen0711** » 2005-09-19 12:48

24-4的E，你可以從文中最後一句話去定位思考
在這裡他提到外來品種因為無法預測他的影響，所以可以推論本地品種可以比較容易預測其影響。

由 **christina** » 2005-09-21 11:49

Calvin \$m[1]:24-3
explain why....wrong, the passage does not focus on explaining why secientists cannot recognize the risk.

24-4
supersede...wrong, supersede means 取代、讓位、接替
the passage does not say that...

24-5
A is not an indirect effect of using a bio-control agent, I think A is a direct effect.

FYI

請問C大大,
為何說A is direct effect..??
I think it may be the further indirect effect...
疑惑~ ;-S

我那讀不懂嗎?謝謝~

由 **davidslin** » 2005-10-20 17:19

christina \$m[1]:
Calvin \$m[1]:24-3
explain why....wrong, the passage does not focus on explaining why secientists cannot recognize the risk.

24-4
supersede...wrong, supersede means 取代、讓位、接替
the passage does not say that...

24-5
A is not an indirect effect of using a bio-control agent, I think A is a direct effect.

FYI

請問C大大,
為何說A is direct effect..??
I think it may be the further indirect effect...
疑惑~
我那讀不懂嗎?謝謝~

24-5
A錯應該是文章中沒提到吧
most organisms likely to be adversely affected by indirect interactions are of little or no known commercial value and the events linking a biocontrol agent with an adverse effect are often unclear.
指說到被間接影響的生物有極少或未知的商業價值,並沒說到間接影響會減低他們的商業價值

GWD24-3-24-6

GWD24-3-24-6

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