[討論]OG passage45-geography

[訪客]

Passage 45
Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure(保有之形式), resources and
population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans’ first encounters with Native
Americans and took many form: missionaries’ field sketches, explorers’ drawings, and surveyors’
maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers. Most existing
maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral
reports, and evidence gathered from observers’ accounts in letter, diaries, and official reports;
accordingly, the accuracy of these maps is especially dependent on the mapmakers’ own
interpretive abilities.(infer具有主觀意識)

總結: Who made the map?

Many existing maps also reflect the 150-year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in
administering tribal lands. Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned（=gather） directly from
Native Americans, rarely has Native American cartography(製圖) contributed to this official record,
which has been compiled(=edit), surveyed, and authenticated(鑑定) by non-Native American. Thus our current cartographic recored relating to Native American tribes and their
migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects the
origins of the data, the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in
United States government policy and in non-Native Americans’ attitudes toward an understanding
of Native Americans.

總結:以公正的立場說明實際美國地圖,並點出之前non-native-American具有主觀意識的

268. Which of the following best describes the content of the passage?
(A) A chronology(年表) of the development of different methods for mapping Native Americans
(B) A discussion of how the mapmaking techniques of Native Americans differed from those of
Europeans
(C) An argument concerning the presenta-day uses to which historical maps of Native
American lands are put
(D) An argument concerning the nature of information contained in maps of Native American
lands
(E) A proposal for improving the accuracy of maps of Native American lands

269. The passage mentions each of the following as a factor affecting current maps of Native
American lands EXCEPT last paragragragh
(A) United States government policy
(B) non-Native Americans’ perspective(觀點) on Native Americans
(C) origins of the information utilized to produce the maps
(D) changes in the way that tribal lands are used
(E) the reason for producing the maps

270. The passage suggests which of the following about most existing maps of Native American
lands?
(A) They do not record the migrations of Native American tribes.
(B) They have been preserved primarily because of their connection with treaties involving
land transfers.=>just statement
(C) They tend to reflect archaeological evidence that has become outdated.
(D)They tend to be less accurate when they are based on oral reports than when they are
based on written documents.
(E) They are not based primarily on the mapmakers’ firsthand oberservations of Native
American lands.

271. All of the following are examples of the type of evidence used in creating “Most existing
maps” (line 7-8) EXCEPT
(A) a nineteenth-century governemtn report on population distribtuion of a particular tribe
(B) taped conversations with people who lived on Native America ntribal lands in the early
twentieth century(oral report)
(C) aerial(大氣的) photographs of geological features of lands inhabited by Native Americans
(D) findings from a recently excavated site once inhabited by a certain Native American people(acheology)
(E) a journal kept by a non-Native American explorer who traveled in Native American territory
in the early nineteenth century(diary)

[agk99]

270題為何要選E，不懂咧

[bear]

270.為何選E?
(A) 見原文20-22 有提到, migrations 確實有被紀錄到
(B) 錯在preserved, 是map的"製作" 和treaties有關, 不是map的 "保存"
(C) maps 反映出的考古證據已經變的是過時的,錯! 因為map是根據考古證據而做出來的 (見原文Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology)
(D) not mention
(E) 正確答案: (原文第8行) reconstructed 這個字, 表示map 是被重建, 另外在第一段最後一句話也有說到 map 的精確度依賴製圖者的詮釋能力 , 表示製圖者並非是第一手資料提供者!

[James]

隱藏檔供大家練習

[ustoday]

argument 這個字有沒有負面訊息?
268 就是因為認為含有負面的imply 所以沒選

哪位大大幫我解答一下
感激不盡

[davidlee0222]

沒有

[davidslin]

270.為何選E?
(恕刪)
(E) 正確答案: (原文第8行) reconstructed 這個字, 表示map 是被重建, 另外在第一段最後一句話也有說到 map 的精確度依賴製圖者的詮釋能力 , 表示製圖者並非是第一手資料提供者!

可是原文第16行說[Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned directly from Native American........]
不就是說有些資料是第一手的嘛?

[charity1021]

OG269答案為什麼是D? 因為我選了E
The Passage mentions each of th following as a factor affecting current maps of Native American lands Except
(E) the reasons for producing the maps
請問是不是第二段開頭說明了製作地圖的原因 (Many existing maps also reflect the 150-year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs in administratering tribal lands )

[pimi]

Q269的答案在最後一段
Thus our current cartographic recored relating to Native American tribes and their
migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects(C) the origins of the data, (E)the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in (A)United States government policy and in(B) non-Native Americans’ attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans.
只有答案D沒提到~~

[chris8888]

Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure, resources, and population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans' first encounters with Native Americans and took many forms: missionaries' field sketches, explorers' drawings, and surveyors' maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers.
(地圖是非原生美國人做的, 有許多的格式 : ...)

Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on archaeology, oral reports, and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letters, diaries, and official reports; accordingly, the accuracy of these maps is especially dependent on the mapmakers' own interpretive abilities.
(現存的地圖是根據 ..., 因此, 正確性要看製圖者的詮釋能力)

Many (46)existing maps also reflect the 150-year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in administering tribal lands. (46)Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned directly from Native Americans, rarely has Native American cartography contributed to this official record, which has been compiled, surveyed, and authenticated by non-Native Americans.
(不是第一手, 是由非原生美國人來製作的, 收集原生美國人的資料)
Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects (45-C)the origins of the data, (45-E)the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and (45-A)changes both in United States government policy and in (45-B)non-Native Americans' attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans.
(因此, 當代的製圖紀錄有關於原生美國人 ....., 反映出 ....)

Question #45. 553-01 (23402-!-item-!-188;#058&000553-01)

The passage mentions each of the following as a factor affecting current maps of Native American lands EXCEPT

(A) United States government policy
(B) non-Native Americans' perspectives on Native Americans
(C) origins of the information utilized to produce the maps
(D) changes in the ways that tribal lands are used
(E) the reasons for producing the maps

Question #46. 553-03 (23448-!-item-!-188;#058&000553-03)

The passage suggests which of the following about most existing maps of Native American lands?
大部分份現存的原生美國人的地圖暗示了什麼?

(A) They do not record the migrations of Native American tribes.
(B) They have been preserved primarily because of their connection with treaties involving land transfers.
(C) They tend to reflect archaeological evidence that has become outdated.
(D) They tend to be less accurate when they are based on oral reports than when they are based on written documents.
(E) They are not based primarily on the mapmakers' firsthand observations of Native American lands.

Question #47. 553-06 (23494-!-item-!-188;#058&000553-06)

Which of the following best describes the content of the passage?

(A) A chronology of the development of different methods for mapping Native American lands 不同技術的發展時間序列描述? 沒有這個意思
(B) A discussion of how the mapmaking techniques of Native Americans differed from those of Europeans
技術性的不同討論? 沒有提及
(C) An argument concerning the present-day uses to which historical maps of Native American lands are put
=>
An argument concerns that historical maps of Native American lands are put to the present-day uses.
討論關於美國原住民的歷史地圖作為現代的使用. 不正確, 並非現在拿過去來做文使用.
(D) An argument concerning the nature of information contained in maps of Native American lands
一個論點有關 -- 被包含在美國原住民土地的地圖資訊本質. <== 我個人以為不好選, 看最後一據化, 他說反映特點, 這應該就是本質所在, 除錯法比較可行.
(E) A proposal for improving the accuracy of maps of Native American lands
改善正確性?? 太細節

[chris8888]

Maps made by non-Native Americans to depict Native American land tenure, resources, and population distributions appeared almost as early as Europeans' first encounters with Native Americans and took many forms: missionaries' field sketches, explorers' drawings, and surveyors' maps, as well as maps rendered in connection with treaties involving land transfers. Most existing maps of Native American lands are reconstructions that are based largely on (271-D)archaeology, (271-B)oral reports, and evidence gathered from observers' accounts in letters, (271-E)diaries, and (271-A)official reports; accordingly, the accuracy of these maps is especially dependent on the mapmakers' own interpretive abilities.

Many existing maps also reflect the 150-year role of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) in administering tribal lands. Though these maps incorporate some information gleaned directly from Native Americans, rarely has Native American cartography contributed to this official record, which has been compiled, surveyed, and authenticated by non-Native Americans. Thus our current cartographic record relating to Native American tribes and their migrations and cultural features, as well as territoriality and contemporary trust lands, reflects the origins of the data, the mixed purposes for which the maps have been prepared, and changes both in United States government policy and in non-Native Americans' attitudes toward an understanding of Native Americans.


271. All of the following are examples of the type of evidence used in creating “Most existing
maps” (line 7-8) EXCEPT
(A) a nineteenth-century governemtn report on population distribtuion of a particular tribe
(B) taped conversations with people who lived on Native America ntribal lands in the early
twentieth century
(C) aerial photographs of geological features of lands inhabited by Native Americans
(D) findings from a recently excavated site once inhabited by a certain Native American people
(E) a journal kept by a non-Native American explorer who traveled in Native American territory in the early nineteenth century