OG passage26-educaton

[訪客]

Passage 26
Schools expect textbooks to be a valuable source of
information for students. My research suggests, however(轉折),
that textbooks that address the place of Native Americans
within the history of the United States distort history to(表目的) suit
(5) a particular cultural value system. In some textbooks, for
example, settlers are pictured as more humane, complex,
skillful, and wise than Native American.(這句話為了展現上句話的suit
(5) a particular cultural value system) In essence,
textbooks stereotype(刻板印象) and deprecate(輕視) the numerous Native
American cultures while (textbook) reinforcing the attitude that the
(10) European conquest of the New World denotes(=indicate) the superi-
ority of European cultures. Although textbooks evaluete
Native American architecture, political systems, and home-
Making, I contend(爭論) that they do it from an ethnocentric,
(15) European perspective without recognizing that other per-
spectives are possible.

總結:作者認為教科書扭曲美國本土的歷史並為了迎合他們的價值系統
考點預測
however(轉折),

stereotype(刻板印象) and deprecate(輕視)
I contend(爭論) that
without recognizing that other per-
spectives are possible.

1. what’s value system?
2. 作者有可能是native America.


One argument against my contention asserts that, by
nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply
underestimating children’s ability to see through these
(20) biases. Some researchers even(甚至) claim that by the time
students are in high school, they know they cannot take
textbooks literally(逐字地). Yet(轉折) substantial evidence exists to the
contrary(這個證據是支持作者想法). Two researchers, for example, have conducted
studies that suggest that children’s attitudes about particular
(25) culture are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in
schools. Given this, an ongoing, careful review of how
school textbooks depict Native American is certainly
warranted(保證).
總結:提出一些研究者反對作者的看法與一群研究者支持作者的看法進而去說明以後必須用嚴謹的態度取描述歷史
考點預測
轉折 against my contention
even claim
Yet
作者態度用詞 certainlywarranted(保證)
Yet(轉折) substantial evidence exists to the contrary
=>


154. Which of the following would most logically be the
topic of the paragraph immediately following the
passage?
(A) Specific ways to evaluate the biases of United States
history textbooks
(B) The centrality of the teacher’s role in United States
history courses
(C) Nontraditional methods of teaching United States
history
(D) The contributions of European immigrants to the
development of the United States
(E) Ways in which parents influence children’s political
attitudes

155. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) describe in detail one research study regarding the
impact of history textbooks on children’s attitudes
and beliefs about certain cultures
(B) describe revisions(修正) that should be made to United
States history textbooks=>not describe in the passage
(C) discuss the difficulty of presenting an accurate
history of the United States
(D) argue that textbooks used in schools stereotype
Native Americans and influence children’s attitudes
(E) summarize ways in which some textbooks give
distorted pictures of the political systems developed
by various Native American groups

156. The author mentions two researchers’ studies (lines22-
25) most likely in order to
(A) suggest that children’s political attitudes are formed
primarily through textbooks
(B) counter the claim that children are able to see
through stereotypes in textbooks
(C) suggest that younger children tend to interpret the
messages in textbooks more literally than do older
children
(D) demonstrate that textbooks carry political messages
meant to influence their readers
(E) prove that textbooks are not biased in terms of their
political presentations

157. The author’s attitude toward the content(內容) of the history
textbooks discussed in the passage is best described as
one of
(A) indifference
(B) hesitance
(C) neutrality
(D) amusement
(E) disapproval

158. It can be inferred from the passage that the researchers
mentioned in line 19 would be most likely to agree
with which of the following statements?
(A) Students form attitudes about cultures other than
their own primarily inside the school environment.
(B) For the most part, seniors in high school know that
textbooks can be biased.
(C) Textbooks play a crucial role in shaping the attitudes
and beliefs of students.
(D) Elementary school students are as likely to
recognize biases in textbooks as are high school
students.
(E) Students are less likely to give credence to history
textbooks than to mathematics textbooks.

159. The author implies tha5t which of the following will
occur if textbooks are not carefully reviewed?
(A) Children will remain ignorant of the European
settlers’ conquest of the New World.
(B) Children will lose their ability to recognize biases
in textbooks.
(C) Children will form negative stereotypes of Native
Americans.
(D) Children will develop an understanding of
ethnocentrism.
(E) Children will stop taking textbooks seriously.


結論句的發展性 154
提出正反兩面的想法,比較能夠突顯作者的論點 155,156,157
因果 159

[yutsang_0611]

In essence,
textbooks stereotype(刻板印象) and deprecate(輕視) the numerous Native
American cultures while (textbook) reinforcing the attitude that the
(10) European conquest of the New World denotes(=indicate) the superi-
ority of European cultures.

請問一下Line9的while是Although的意思還是when的意思
我常常看到while就不知它確切的意思？

[LSY_NASA]

line16-19
one argument against my contention asserts that, by nature, textbooks are culturally biased and that I am simply underestimating children's ability to see through these biases.
line22
two researchers, for example, have conducted studies that suggest that children's attitudes about particular cultures are strongly influenced by the textbooks used in schools.

是說作者低估小孩看出biases的能力---表示他認為孩子可以看出biases
另兩位研究者認為孩子的文化態度深受教課書影響---表示這兩位研究者認為孩子沒辦法看出biases.
所以答案是B

是這樣嗎？有點繞.........