OG48-25(business)(生產力評估)

[agk99]

Passage 25(business)(Argument)

In an attempt to improve the overall performance of clerical workers, many companies have introduced computerized performance monitoring and control systems (CPMCS) that record and report a worker’s computer driven activities. However, at least one study has shown that such monitoring may not be having the desired effect. In the study, researchers asked monitored clerical workers and their supervisors how assessments of productivity affected supervisors’ ratings of workers’ performance. In contrast to unmonitored workers doing the same work, who without exception (毫無例外) identified the most important element in their jobs as customer service, the monitored workers and their supervisors all responded that productivity was the critical factor in assigning ratings. This finding suggested that there should have been(應該要有但卻沒有) a strong correlation between a monitored worker’s productivity and the overall rating the worker received. However, measures of the relationship between overall rating and individual elements of performance clearly supported the conclusion that supervisors gave considerable weight to criteria such as attendance. accuracy, and indications of customer satisfaction.(暗示與生產力沒有太大關係)
第一段說明有很多公司為了評估績效，會引進CPMCS系統，但這似乎沒有太大用處。理由是受測員工會說，生產力是績效評估的重要因素，但未受測員工則歸因於客戶服務。這實驗發現，主管會考慮其他因素，如出席率、準確率、客戶滿意度。
It is possible that productivity may be a “hygiene factor.” that is, if it is too low, it will hurt the overall rating. But the evidence suggests that beyond the point at which productivity becomes “good enough.” Higher productivity per se(就本身而言) is unlikely to improve a rating.如果生產力好到一個水準，那麼更好的生產力不會增加rating
第二段可視為補充說明第一段的敘述，甚至是再舉一例說明，理由是生產力可視為健康因素之一，若是太差，就會影響整體評等。但只要好到一個等級，又不會提高rating。本段雖短，但卻影響本篇作答至為關鍵

*149. According to the passage, before the final results of the study were known, which of the following seemed likely?(A) That workers with the highest productivity would also be the most accurate
(B) That workers who initially achieved high productivity ratings would continue to do so consistently
(C) That the highest performance ratings would be achieved by workers with the highest productivity
(D) That the most productive workers would be those whose supervisors claimed to value productivity
(E) That supervisors who claimed to value productivity would place equal value on customer satisfaction
答案是C，讀完第二段沒熟讀，肯定做不出，而且要讀懂，才會同意C的意見，關鍵字就是題目的before

*150. It can be inferred that the author of the passage discusses “unmonitored workers”(line 10) primarily in order to
(A) compare the ratings of these workers with the ratings of monitored workers
(B) provide an example of a case in which monitoring might be effective
(C) provide evidence of an inappropriate use of CPMCS
(D) emphasize the effect that CPMCS may have on workers’ perceptions of their jobs
(E) illustrate the effect that CPMCS may have on workers’ ratings
答案選D，講CPMCS的潛在功能，會影響員工行為

*151. Which of the following, if true, would most clearly have supported the conclusion referred to in lines 19-21?
(A) Ratings of productivity correlated highly with ratings of both accuracy and attendance.
(B) Electronic monitoring greatly increased productivity.
(C) Most supervisors based overall ratings of performance on measures of productivity alone.
(D) Overall ratings of performance correlated more highly with measures of productivity than the researchers expected.
(E) Overall ratings of performance correlated more highly with measures of accuracy than with measures of productivity.
答案給E，主要原因是說，productivity不重要，所以D不對，E對是因為還有其他因，見第一段最後，注意productivity並未包括在老闆的evaluate factors之中

*152. According to the passage, a “hygiene factor” (lines 22-23) is an aspect of a worker’s performance that
(A) has no effect on the rating of a worker’s performance
(B) is so basic to performance that it is assumed to be adequate for all workers
(C) is given less importance than it deserves in rating a worker’s performance
(D) if not likely to affect a worker’s rating unless it is judged to be inadequate
(E) is important primarily because of the effect it has on a worker’s rating
答案給D，也就是說，除非不足夠，否則不該影響員工等級，D是比B好

*153. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) explain the need for the introduction of an innovative strategy
(B) discuss a study of the use of a particular method
(C) recommend a course of action
(D) resolved a difference of opinion
(E) suggest an alternative approach
答案B, reconcile, resolve(前兩個要加different), compare永遠不選....

討論：本題全錯，實在是因為沒有讀出本題的弦外之音，重點是，生產力並不重要，他甚至是不太相關的因素，第二段真是太重要了

[kikisky]

嗯~我有逼問過老師
hygiene到底要怎麼解釋
老師說就像我們大學時
總會修一些"營養學分"
如果這些學分的分數很高=>並不代表你的成績很好
但如果它的分數太低(被當之類的)=>一樣會拉低GPA
再仔細一看
果然是that is 後面說的一串...... :-$
(這樣不知道能不能幫大家加強一點概念???? )

[Behemoth]

稍微補充一下管理學中的概念

hygiene便是所謂的保健因子...有他不會使員工更滿意,但沒有他員工就會不滿意

他無法提昇員工滿意度,但卻可以拉低滿意度

[agnes]

推樓上!!
讓我想起我修的很慘的管理學...

[agk99]

有感而發，請看以下句子

It is possible that productivity may be a “hygiene factor.” that is, if it is too low, it will hurt the overall rating. But the evidence suggests that beyond the point at which productivity becomes “good enough.” Higher productivity per se is unlikely to improve a rating.

似乎AT成績也正是如此，只有在不夠高的情況下，才會傷到整體申請，一旦夠高，AT成績就不見得對申請有什麼幫助

[liwuu]

有感而發，請看以下句子

It is possible that productivity may be a “hygiene factor.” that is, if it is too low, it will hurt the overall rating. But the evidence suggests that beyond the point at which productivity becomes “good enough.” Higher productivity per se is unlikely to improve a rating.

似乎AT成績也正是如此，只有在不夠高的情況下，才會傷到整體申請，一旦夠高，AT成績就不見得對申請有什麼幫助

大哥...真服了你還可以想到這邊!!
其實這也意味著AT為基本重要東西...保健因子通常屬於吃力但並不見得討好的福利措施,但只要稍微沒有搞好這個,其他就都不用說了!!

[davidlee0222]

沒錯沒錯
這個字是閱讀的精髓
也就是英文的抽象字義概念
剛開始碰AT時傻呼呼的把他當"衛生條件"
怎麼看都看不懂
後來歐機run完一遍後有點心得
再回來看就董了

初學者遇到這董機車關鍵字
直接把他當"H" factor
看到後面有that is
才是真正這個抽象字義在這裡的解釋

[汪汪北鼻]

補上此理論
◎兩因子理論（two-factor theory）

為心理學家赫茲伯格提出。他認為組織內有兩種因子會影響員工的激勵效果：一為激勵因子（motivations）；二為保健因子（hygiene factor）。「保健因子」是指公司提供的薪水、福利、工作環境等基本工作需求，也就是員工在工作中實際獲得的部分。「激勵因子」則是指安全感、成就感、滿足感和歸屬感，多由上司主導，以滿足員工自尊與追求自我實現。「激勵因子」雖然沒有保健因子來得實際，卻是員工願意為公司賣命，追求自我成長的主要因素

[lunar916]

我對150有疑問
我選的答案是A
因為我覺作者在這裡在做的是一各comparison
我有考慮D,可是我想說這應該要是 the effect that CPMCS may have on workers' perceptions of their jobs' "rating"
而不是job本身

[faithful]

關於149. According to the passage, before the final results of the study were known, which of the following seemed likely?

(A) That workers with the highest productivity would also be the most accurate
(B) That workers who initially achieved high productivity ratings would continue to do so consistently
(C) That the highest performance ratings would be achieved by workers with the highest productivity
(D) That the most productive workers would be those whose supervisors claimed to value productivity
(E) That supervisors who claimed to value productivity would place equal value on customer satisfaction

(C) 正確，是不是因為在知道研究結果之前，受測員工將生產力當作提升績效的單一因子，而且正相關、愈多愈好。文章中15-17行亦有提及。

但是，始終想不透 (B) 為什麼不能選，OG 的解釋是本文沒有提及；可是，如果受測員工將生產力作為單一影響因子，那麼起初表現好的員工，不就會持之以恆了嗎？

請高人指點迷津！

[best555tw]

"如果受測員工將生產力作為單一影響因子那麼起初表現好的員工，不就會持之 以恆了嗎？"

文章並沒說被監視的人生產力就高

就是說我們不能保證員工從頭到尾都能維持很好的表現

[kevin093]

關於149. According to the passage, before the final results of the study were known, which of the following seemed likely?

但15-17行，This finding suggested that there should have been a strong correlation between a monitored worker’s productivity and the overall rating the worker received.

如此，就可以表示在結果發表之前嗎?從何看出?

[davidlee0222]

應該是從15到17行的下一句可看出
也就是第一段最末句
研究結論出來前應該是最高生產力的人算表現最優異
可是最後生產力最高的並不是表現最優異的
所以第一段結論出有生產力以外的考慮因素

[kevin093]

應該是從15到17行的下一句可看出
也就是第一段最末句
研究結論出來前應該是最高生產力的人算表現最優異
可是最後生產力最高的並不是表現最優異的
所以第一段結論出有生產力以外的考慮因素

大衛是說下面這句是吧!
However, measures of the relationship between overall rating and individual elements of performance clearly supported the conclusion that supervisors gave considerable weight to criteria such as attendance. accuracy, and indications of customer satisfaction.

可是它不還是提到兩者關係的量測清楚地支持著結論嗎?
如此就可以推論說"結論前"是"最高生產力的人算表現最優異"?
我還是想不通吔!

[nemolee]

*151. Which of the following, if true, would most clearly have supported the conclusion referred to in lines 19-21?
(A) Ratings of productivity correlated highly with ratings of both accuracy and attendance.
(B) Electronic monitoring greatly increased productivity.
(C) Most supervisors based overall ratings of performance on measures of productivity alone.
(D) Overall ratings of performance correlated more highly with measures of productivity than the researchers expected.
(E) Overall ratings of performance correlated more highly with measures of accuracy than with measures of productivity.

ANS: E ( 我選了A了，亂選到他的原因是因為他提到文章內容資訊最多，看上去好像最能support )

請問(E)的選項，是在說什麼哩？　
這題怪？　為什麼會跟 productivity 有關聯？ 題目不是問說如何能support 作者在文章中提到的結論?
However, measures of the relationship between overall rating and individual elements of performance clearly supported the conclusion that supervisors gave considerable weight to criteria such as attendance. accuracy, and indications of customer satisfaction

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