OG48-40(social)(women進入職場工作的角色問題)

[agk99]

Passage 40(social)(women movement)

In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War. Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant(突出的) “ideology of domesticity,”(家庭生活的想法) but rather took this and other available ideologies-feminism, socialism, trade unionism-and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs. In thus maintaining that wages-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women, Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tentler that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. According to the Tentler, the degrading(降低) conditions under which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness. Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wage-work enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective(共同的) circumstance. Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class women were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work(居家工作) tended to isolate them from one another.
第一段
Tentler：degrading condition made female workers view family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else.
Eisenstein：demonstrate wage worker enable women to become aware of themselves as a distinct group.婦女進入職場，才會顯得積極一些，
Unfortunately, Eisenstein’s unfinished study does not develop these ideas in sufficient depth or detail, offering tantalizing hints(講愛因斯坦提出絕妙的線索) rather than an exhaustive analysis(卻沒有更深入的分析). Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on. She use the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative, as the voice of the typical woman worker. And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation. While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.

249. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) criticize a scholar’s assumptions and methodology
(B) evaluate an approach to women’s study
(C) compare two sociological theories
(D) correct a misconception about feminist theory
(E) defend an unpopular ideology

*250. It can be inferred from the passage that, in Eisenstein’s view, working women at the turn of the century had which of the following attitudes toward the dominant ideology of their time?
(A) They resented the dominant ideology as degrading.
(B) They preferred the dominant ideology to other available ideologies.
(C) They began to view the dominant ideology to other available ideologies.(??)
(D) They accepted some but not all aspects of the dominant ideology.
(E) They believed that the dominant ideology isolated them from one another.
就是那一句，they neither accept nor reject.....答案給D，這種答案真是有夠爛，但還是得小心、並應用

251. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) A chronological account of a historical development is presented, and then future developments are predicted.
(B) A term is defined according to several different schools of thought, and then a new definition is formulated.
(C) A theory is presented, an alternative viewpoint is introduced, and then the reasoning behind the initial theory is summarized.
(D) A tentative proposal is made, reasons for and against it are weighed, and then a modified version of the proposal is offered.
(E) A controversy is described, its historical implications are assessed, and then a compromise is suggested.

*252. Which of the following would the author of the passage be most likely to approve as a continuation of Eisenstein’s study?
(A) An oral history of promotion women labor organizers
(B) An analysis of letters and diaries written by typical female wage earners at the turn of the century
(C) An assessment of what different social and political groups defined as the dominant ideology in the early twentieth century
(D) A theoretical study of how socialism and feminism influenced one another at the turn of the century
(E) A documentary account of labor’s role in the introduction of women into the labor force
答案給B，或許就是那句，offering tantalizing hints(講愛因斯坦提出絕妙的線索) rather than an exhaustive analysis(卻沒有更深入的分析).

[skyyang]

補充一下B選項
從line 34-37 She uses...of the typical woman worker.
可以找到直接的答案 :)
關鍵是:B選項的typical female wage earners

[bugubugu]

And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation.

請問這句是在說女性議題比移民議題來的較少的關注嗎?
想確認一下...

[agk99]

句意是"而且對移民族群不同的價值給予較少的關注，這樣的價值正是愛因斯坦調查對象最重要的組成元素"

[bugubugu]

句意是"而且對移民族群不同的價值給予較少的關注，這樣的價值正是愛因斯坦調查對象最重要的組成元素"

agk大哥...
我覺得你的中翻比較像這句:
And there is less adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation.

沒有than...
不知我有沒有想錯...

[micht]

there is less than adequate attention ......

比 adequate attention 還要少..........
大概是這樣..翻譯難以全是原意...@@

[christine]

Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on.(愛因斯坦的研究只依據侷限的資料).(接下來繼續說明她用了哪些資料) She use the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative(她承認不具代表性), as the voice of the typical woman worker.(愛因斯坦研究的資料使用改革者和勞工組織者的演說與書面資料) And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation.(愛因斯坦只有給予比適當還要少的注意(就是忽略),忽略了在調查之下組成非常大比列人口的移民族群的價值) While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.

[bugubugu]

Whatever Eisenstein’s overall plan may have been, in its current form her study suffers from the limited nature of the sources she depended on.(愛因斯坦的研究只依據侷限的資料).(接下來繼續說明她用了哪些資料) She use the speeches and writings of reformers and labor organizers, who she acknowledges were far from representative(她承認不具代表性), as the voice of the typical woman worker.(愛因斯坦研究的資料使用改革者和勞工組織者的演說與書面資料) And there is less than adequate attention given to the differing values of immigrant groups that made up a significant proportion of the population under investigation.(愛因斯坦只有給予比適當還要少的注意(就是忽略),忽略了在調查之下組成非常大比列人口的移民族群的價值) While raising important questions, Eisenstein’s essays do not provide definitive answer, and it remains for others to take up the challenges they offer.

懂囉...
謝謝克里斯丁

[soami]

我來補足第一段

In an unfinished but highly suggestive series of essays, the late Sarah Eisenstein has focused attention on the evolution of working women’s values from the turn of the century to the First World War.
在一系列未完成卻有高度暗示性的論文，E學者把焦點放在職業婦女價值的進化，從本世紀初到第一次世界大戰
Eisenstein argues that turn-of-the-century women neither wholly accepted nor rejected what she calls the dominant“ideology of domesticity,” but rather took this and other available ideologies-feminism, socialism, trade unionism -and modified or adapted them in light of their own experiences and needs.
E聲稱，本世紀初女性不全盤接受也不拒絕她(e學者，calls可以看出來)稱的主流家庭意識型態，而接受這個或是其它可獲得的意識型態,feminsim,socialism,trade unionism ...
In thus maintaining that wages-work helped to produce a new “consciousness” among women,E說薪資工作有助於一個新意識的發生，指上面的feminsim, socialism, 等等 Eisenstein to some extent challenges the recent, controversial proposal by Leslie Tentler that for women the work experience only served to reinforce the attractiveness of the dominant ideology. E在某些方面挑戰最近一個爭論的假說(L.T提出)，LT認為工作經驗只會增強主流意識的吸引力
According to the Tentler, the degrading conditions under這個under的位置很怪如果拿到前面會看的比較清楚， which many female wage earners worked made them view the family as a source of power and esteem available nowhere else in their social world. 在一個令人被貶低的環境下(可能指女性在職場受到歧視不公平待遇)會使得女性把家庭視為權力的來源，以及尊重她們在社交場合所獲得的任何地方??

In contrast, Eisenstein’s study insists that wage-work had other implications for women’s identities and consciousness.
相反的E主張薪資工作有其他關聯對於女性特性和意識
Most importantly, her work aims to demonstrate that wage-work enabled women to become aware of themselves as a distinct social group capable of defining their collective circumstance. 最重要的是，E的工作試圖去證明，工作使得女性自身認知為一個有區別的社會團體，（所以不會接受主流意識，主流意識是domesticity)
Eisenstein insists that as a group working-class women were not able to come to collective consciousness of their situation until they began entering the labor force, because domestic work tended to isolate them from one another.
E強調除非踏入工作職場，不然女性無法到達collective consciousness of their，因為家計工作到哪都如影隨形纏著她們。

這段總結 E：薪資工作會造成 a new consciousness
原因：女性進入職場會自認distinction，不會受主流意識形態影響
lt：進入工作場所會加強主流意識的吸引力
原因：女性進入職場會被歧視、壓榨，在家庭才能找到她們權力的來源，所以應該會比較接受主流意識

[pimi]

249. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) criticize a scholar’s assumptions and methodology
(B) evaluate an approach to women’s study
(C) compare two sociological theories
(D) correct a misconception about feminist theory
(E) defend an unpopular ideology

文章中, E學者是反對dominant ideology of domesticity, 也就是主流的思想
那不就表示E學者所支持的是個非主流的思想, 那不就是(E)unpopular ideology
而且說真的, 說到evaulate an approach to women's study, 也好像到第二段才有提及, 第一段只是在論述E學者的觀點跟T學者的觀點~~怎能因此而判定這是The primary purpose of the passage

(E)選項錯的原因難道是因為defend?? 作者其實沒有偏向E學者或是T學者, 只是很單純的evaluate吧了!! 可我總覺得作者是支持E學者的

請大大們解惑!!

[dibert8]

I) 褒 E (+) e.g. line 1: suggestive, line 21: importantly
II) 貶 E (-) e.g. line 29: Unfortunately
所以 +/- 合起來 => evaluate
沒看出 E 支持或不支持 dominant ideology 也.
作者似乎沒有特別幫 E 講話,因為他有褒有貶,感覺項第三(旁觀)者.