[問題] gwd28 Q13

[iamger0730]

Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important art of the colorful signals used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The conventional (Line 15) view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts. Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.

28-13: Information in the passage suggests that which of the following is true of carotenoids that a male animal uses for detoxification processes?
A: They were not acquired directly from plants and algae
B: They cannot be replenished through foraging.
C: They cannot be used simultaneously to brighten coloration.
D: They do not affect the animal’s susceptibility to parasites.
E: They increase the chances that the animal will be selected as a mate.

cd上給的答案是C

我不知道從哪裡可以看出來ㄟ...

大大們~~幫幫我吧~~

[maronchen1103]

Carotenoids, a family of natural pigments, form an important art of the colorful signals used by many animals. Animals acquire carotenoids either directly (from the plants and algae that produce them) or indirectly (by eating insects) and store them in a variety of tissues. Studies of several animal species have shown that when choosing mates, females prefer males with brighter carotenoid-based coloration. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health. The conventional (Line 15) view is that carotenoids are meaningful because they are rare: healthier males can forage for more of the pigments than can their inferior counterparts. Although this may be true, there is growing evidence that carotenoids are meaningful also because they are required: they are used by the immune system and for detoxification processes that are important for maintaining health. It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females. Males that are more susceptible to disease and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for fighting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.

28-13: Information in the passage suggests that which of the following is true of carotenoids that a male animal uses for detoxification processes?
A: They were not acquired directly from plants and algae
B: They cannot be replenished through foraging.
C: They cannot be used simultaneously to brighten coloration.
D: They do not affect the animal’s susceptibility to parasites.
E: They increase the chances that the animal will be selected as a mate.

cd上給的答案是C

我不知道從哪裡可以看出來ㄟ...

大大們~~幫幫我吧~~

大概只能從either or判斷吧
暗示不能同時存在

[step by step]

我覺得這題答案是(E)
請看最後一段
Males that are more susceptible to diseaase and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for righting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
這是否就意味著可以同時使用

[stilalala]

我覺得這題答案是(E)
請看最後一段
Males that are more susceptible to diseaase and parasites will have to use their carotenoids to boost their immune systems, whereas males that are genetically resistant will use fewer carotenoids for righting disease and will advertise this by using the pigments for flashy display instead.
這是否就意味著可以同時使用

我覺得答案是C
因為如果身體比較差的有了C之後既可以同時抵抗寄生蟲與解毒的話,
何來所謂的身體好的跟身體差的COLOR會有明亮之分呢

一定是一定量的C內,身體差的要挪用較多的C去抵抗寄生蟲或用來解毒
剩下來了才是可以用來讓自己more colorful -> attract female

相反的,一定量的c內,身體好的毋需那麼多的c來維持健康,就有比較多的c來變得colorful --> more attractive

也就是說either ...or 這兩種功能(maintain healthy 與 become more colorful )是無法同時並存的,如果同時可以maintain同時又可以colorful,
那大家身上的顏色不就都一樣了

所以e剛好相反,c若多半用來解毒 ,反而身體顏色不鮮艷,將難以吸引女性

一點看法 請多多指教

[coulomb]

贊成stilalala大大的解釋
這題我本來也選E 不過後來覺得應該是C
除了S大的理由之外,E選項的內容跟題目問的for detoxification processes(解毒過程)並沒有關係

[Chris1]

我也是選C,
除了贊同stilalala牛大精準的見解,
也深深的同意coulomb牛大的"E選項的內容跟題目問的for detoxification processes(解毒過程)並沒有關係",這個神來一筆,

[小花]

我也贊同C
stilalala牛講解的很清楚

[chris8888]

我認為這題要這樣判斷
1. Owens and Olson hypothesize that the presence of carotenoids, as signaled by coloration, would be meaningful in the context of mate selection if carotenoids were either rare or required for health.
It may be that males can use scarce carotenoids either for immune defense and detoxification or for attracting females.

前一個論點是這很稀少, 後面又再提到很稀少, 不是作為immune system的detoxification就是作為attacting females, 因此由稀少性可以判斷出, 雄性動物要使用carotenoids(很稀少的物質)來同時增強免疫力和對異性的吸引力應該有很大的困難. 應該是這一題要suggest的地方, scarce是很重要的判斷基準點.

因此Q28-13, 最合理的答案, 應該是C

用一個白痴比喻法, 一個人的基因要很優質到讓他有愛因斯坦的頭腦, 麥可喬丹的運動能力. 應該不容易找到這種人吧?