[問題]GWD18-16

[balanana]

16.Aroca City currently funds its public schools through taxes on property. In place of this system, the city plans to introduce a sales tax of three percent on all retail sales in the city. Critics protest that three percent of current retail sales falls short of the amount raised for schools by property taxes. The critics are correct on this point. Nevertheless, implementing the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools. Several large retailers have selected Aroca City as the site for huge new stores, and these are certain to draw large numbers of shoppers from neighboring municipalities, where sales are taxed at rates of six percent and more. In consequence, retail sales in Aroca City are bound to increase substantially.

In the argument given, the two potions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A.The first presents a plan that the argument seeks to defend against a certain criticism; the second gives part of the basis for that criticism.
B.The first presents a plan that the argument seeks to defend against a certain criticism; the second gives part of the basis for that defense.
C.The first presents a plan that the argument criticizes; the second is a consideration raised by the argument in support of that criticism.
D.The first presents a plan that the argument criticizes; the second presents a consideration that has been raised against that criticism.
E.The first presents a plan whose consequences the argument seeks to evaluate; the second is presented by the argument as one likely consequence that is undesirable.

Ans:B

想請問:
1.defend against a certain criticism與criticizes不同處?
2.為什麼B的第二個gives part of the basis for that defense??
謝謝

[ahuang44]

想請問:
1.defend against a certain criticism與criticizes不同處?
2.為什麼B的第二個gives part of the basis for that defense??

1.我想句子應該要這樣看比較清楚：
The first presents a plan that the argument seeks to defend against a certain criticism
也就是defend要跟前面的字一起翻, against則跟後面一起看
CR的粗體字題選項出現的defend=support, 所以這句話的意思是"第一個粗體字是提出一個計畫,而這個計畫是文章試圖要保護(也就是要支持)免於某個批評"，簡單的說defend與criticize應該是正相反

2.第二個粗體字可以先問自己that defense是指什麼？事實上就是文章所要支持的結論,也就是第二個粗體字的前一句話--the plan will probably not reduce the money going to Aroca’s schools.接著這個結論的第二個粗體字事實上就是提出證據來support它, "gives part of the basis"是其中一種說明support的寫法

希望不會寫的太複雜~

[fsab00037748]

嗯嗯, ahuang大的解釋很詳細, 我的理解如下^^

Boldface超像一篇小閱讀,然後考一題organization題,
要搞清楚關係才容易解題, 翻譯會讓關係模糊
(自己剛開始做題時也常弄不清楚幾個訊號字之間的關係 :P)

1.defend against a certain criticism與criticizes不同處?
answer: 一個正方, 一個反方 ;正方要defend反方的criticize

2.為什麼B的第二個gives part of the basis for that defense?
answer:正方對自己的defend提出支持基礎