分享一下小婦人的資料~

[devilangel]

【作者簡介】
　　露薏莎•奧科特（ Louisa May Alcott），出生於1832年，美國賓夕法尼亞州的德國城。父親布朗森•奧科特是傑出的思想家、哲學家及社會教育改革家，由於深信反物資論，所以奧科特一家長久以來過著窮困的生活。少女時期，便從事不同的工作來幫助家計，出生直至28歲，一共搬遷了29次。
　　露薏莎早期受到偉大父親及其友人如愛默生、霍桑、梭羅等人的影響甚鉅。1862美國內戰期間，自願擔任聯合醫院的護士，此經驗成為她第一本成功著作《醫院速寫》（ Hospital Sketches）的重要題材。自1863年至1869年間，出版了一些浪漫小說及驚悚劇。1868年《小婦人》第一部問世，露薏莎從此聲名大噪。《小婦人》一書是根據奧科特家四姊妹的經歷所改編，獲得很大的迴響，之後，又相繼出版了《一位傳統女子》、《小紳士》、《八個表親》、《盛開的玫瑰》、《喬的男孩》，以及一些童話及成人小說《情緒》與《工作》。晚年同時活躍於推動婦女參政及禁酒運動，1888年於波士頓辭世，下葬日期與父親同一天。


　【內容簡介】
　　《小婦人》是一部以美國南北戰爭為背景，馬爾契家的四個姊妹為主軸，所建構而成的家庭倫理小說。全書共分為兩部，第一部是馬爾契家在戰爭期間一年內的生活點滴，第二部則是描寫四姊妹日後的成長，各自追尋不同理想與歸宿的過程。不過，本書事實上可說是作者自傳式的獨白，她以自家姊妹為故事藍圖，而本人則投射於書中那位積極樂觀、桀驁不馴、一心想當作家的喬。
　　書中內容平實卻細膩，結構單純卻寓意深遠，被時人評為「卓越的女性主義探討運動」，是一部「女性自我內戰、傳統與自由之爭」的經典作品。

[8妹]

謝謝妳喔~~小天使

[igogo]

Louisa May Alcott(1832-88). Now best remembered for her classic tale LITTLE WOMEN, Alcott was a prolific and varied writer who did much to promote the cause of women's suffrage.
Louisa May Alcott was born on 29 November 1832; her father's (the prominent Transcendentalist, Amos Branson Alcott) thirty-third birthday. Se was the second of Amos and his wife Abba May's four daughters , and was brought up in Concord, Massachusetts. Educated at home, Louisa was fascinated by books and from an early age recalls 'playing with books in my father's study ... looking at pictures, pretending to read, and scribbling on blank pages whenever pen or pencil could be found'. As she grew older she devoured the books in the family library, reading widely from both American and European authors. She also found great intellectual stimulation in the men in her father's circle, eminent figures such as Emerson, Thoreau and Hawthorne. Her father's strong anti-materialism, coupled with his complete financial ineptitude, often meant that the family found it difficult to make ends meet, and from an early age all the children were expected to help out by taking in sewing, teaching or doing domestic service. After the death of her sister Lizzie in 1858 and her sister Anna's marriage, Lousia became more involved with her writing, often contributing articles, short stories and poems to periodicals. Alcott never married(' I'd rather be a free spinster and paddle my own canoe'), and many of her essays explore the possiblilities of a single life for women. In 1862 she volunteered as a nurse in a Civil War army hospital in Washington but after only six weeks she contracted typhoid fever and was forced to return home. The break from her family and her experiences gave her the material for her first successful book, Hospital Sketches. During the next few years, as her writing became more profitable, she was able to give up her other jobs and write full-time. Alcott experimented with several different styles of writing and pseudonyms, at one time calling herself Flora Fairfield. She also wrote several lurid thrillers under the ambiguous pen-name 'A. M. Barnard', and of these Behind a Mask is probably the best known. The success of Little Women in 1868 brought both fame and the financial security she had so long desired for her family and she went on to write other stories in the same vein: An Old-Fashioned Girl, Little Men, Eight Cousins, Rose in Bloom, and on her return to Boston became involved with women's suffrage and temerance movements. Alcott died in Boston in 1888, the same day her father was burried.

Little Women was originally published in two volumes(October 1868 and April 1869), the first entitled Little Women, or , Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy and the second simply known as 'Part Second'. In England, however, the second volume was given the title Good Wives, a decision Alcott played no part in. The sisters in the book are modelled on Alcott's own siblings, May, Elizabeth and Anna, who appear respectively as Amy, Beth and Meg; Alcott herself is the model for Jo.

[ceo]

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[sophiaro]

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