有不會背的ＧＲＥ單字嗎？照過來！我教你！

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tutorABC出了10題英文單字測驗，你會幾題？
1. It is not comfortable tonight because of the high ＿＿＿＿
•humidity •humility •humiliate

2.The company will＿＿＿＿Mr. Big for his traveling expenses
•refund •reimburse •pay

3.The free＿＿＿＿for luggage is 25 kilos.
• heft •space •allowance

4.Customers may pay ＿＿＿＿ or use a credit card in major department stores.
•cash •change • total

5.All the flight to and from Kaohsiung were＿＿＿＿ because
of the heavy thunderstorm.
•advised•disclosed • cancelled

6.Miss Jane's work in London is just＿＿＿＿. She will go back
to the U.S. next month.
•permanent •temperament•temporary

7. Dr. Jose's new book is a collection of his ＿＿＿＿ of the daily
life of tribal people in Africa.
•observations•substitutions • preventions

8. The conflicts between Rover and his supervisor made it
difficult for the supervisor to judge his performance ＿＿＿＿.
•objectively •painfully •intimately

9. Living in a highly ＿＿＿＿ society, you definitely have to
arm yourself with as much knowledge as possible.
•favorable•permanent •competitive

10. The 70-year-old professor sued the university for age ＿＿＿＿
because his teaching contract had not been renewed.
•possession •commitment •discrimination

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tutorABC的10題測驗，其中第二題：

2. The company will ＿＿ Mr. Big for his traveling expenses.
(A)refund(B)reimburse(C)pay

你的答案是哪個？選它的理由為何？

所謂「發表是吸收的利器」，何妨上來發表看法？

一定會讓你對refund/reimburse久久難忘！

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答案請見http://www.learnersdictionary.com/blog.php?action=ViewBlogArticle&ba_id=100

"Rebate," "refund," and "reimburse"

These words are related in meaning and can be confusing.

They all refer to being paid back money that is owed.

分述於下
======================================================
Rebate means "an amount of money that is paid back to you because you have paid too much or as an incentive for buying something.(〔稅﹑租金等的〕回扣;折扣； 部分退款)
" Here are a couple of examples:

We hope to get a big tax rebate this year.(退回大部分稅款)

My new car came with a $1000 rebate.

Note that rebate is sometimes used as a verb meaning "to make or give a rebate."

=======================================================
Refund as a verb simply means "to give back money that someone paid for something" -- and usually it means that what was purchased was defective or unacceptable. As a noun it means "money that is paid back."
(全額退錢〔尤指因對所購貨物或服務不滿意，要求全額退錢。〕)

The bank will refund your late fee.

The rental car agency ran out of cars, so I got a refund.

========================================================

Reimburse is very similar in meaning to refund. It means "to pay back an amount equal to what has been spent." It is usually used when you pay for something for someone else, when you borrow from someone else, or when you pay for something now but you will be paid back later (such as when you have expenses for business travel).
(退錢---退回之前個人先墊的款項---例如出差時的交通住宿費用，自己先付，回去後公司再還你錢--憑單據報銷)

慣用語：reimburse sb for sth
The company will reimburse you for any costs incurred on the course . 你上課的全部費用可以向公司報銷。

I keep my gas receipts so that I can be reimbursed by my company.

==========================================================

If you simply borrow money from a friend, you would say:

"Let me pay you back."

Refund or reimburse would seem too formal.

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所以第二題的答案是reimburse

至於第三題

3.The free＿＿＿＿for luggage is 25 kilos.
• heft •space •allowance

答案是allowance：限額；定量[C]/免稅額

What is the baggage allowance of this airline ? 這家航空公司的行李重量限額是多少？

What ' s your daily calorie allowance ? 你的每天熱量攝入量最多是多少？

The baggage allowance is 75 pounds per person . 每個人准許帶75磅重的行李。

In 1978 allowances amounted to $ 7 , 200 for a family of four . 1978年﹐一個四口之家的收入免稅額是7,200美元。
======================================

如何記住rebate/refund/reimburse呢？

下回說！

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記法：

rebate=re(back退回)+bate(減少)-> 把減少(的錢=折扣)退回=退錢

refund= re(back退回)+fund(基金、資金、現款)-> 全額退錢

reimburse= re(back退回)+im(=in)+burse(=purse錢包)->把退回的錢放入錢包=退回之前墊付的錢

======================================================

參考另一篇文章---
桂格退貨風波》3個「退費」英文單字: refund, reimburse, compensate 怎麼用?

【文／Buffy Kao】 20160608

近日桂格燕麥片中含有農藥的新聞，又使食安問題浮上檯面，消費者紛紛搶著要退貨。外國大型賣場如Costco等對於退貨的規則自有一番明確的規定，若是在國外購物後想要退貨時，首先必須先搞清楚英文的說法；此外，這也是多益測驗常見的情境考題。

但是，退費、補償的英文有不同單字，且中文翻譯非常類似，一不小心就容易搞混，造成使用上的錯誤。那麼到底該怎麼使用呢？今天就來學學refund、reimburse、compensate這三個退貨相關的英文單字，往後若遇到要退貨時，就能正確表達你的意思囉！

1.refund (v.) (n.) 退錢－貨物退回時得到的錢
refund的re-字首代表「again、back」，fund是金錢、資金，兩者合起來的意思是give the money back，也就是「退錢」。

詞類變化：
refundable (adj.) 償還的
refundability (n.) 償還性
例句：
We guarantee your satisfaction on every product we sell, and will refund your purchase price.
這是從Costco網站的退換貨規則裡擷取出來的句子，意思是「我們保證您對於本賣場所販賣產品的滿意度，且會全額退貨。」
重點單字：
1. guarantee (v.) 保證
guarantee是很常見的單字，另一個單字warranty（名詞），主要指的是以紙本的形式保證商品，也就是所謂的「保證書」，如a 30-day manufacturer’s warranty（一份廠商提供的30天保證書）。

2. satisfaction (n.) 滿意度
satisfy (v.) 對…滿意
satisfactory (adj.) 表示「感到滿意的」，常用在客服，如satisfactory service。

3. purchase (v.) (n.) 購買、採購

※註：消費者在退貨前可以先從網路搜尋賣場的「Return, Refunds & Replacement Policy」，了解賣場的「退換貨規則」。
2.reimburse (v.) 補償－付還之前先墊的款項
假如員工因為出公差必須預先支出一筆費用，事後持有收據向會計部門申請補償，即可用reimburse。

我們將單字拆解後會發現，「im-」字首在英文有inside的意思，它是由「in-」轉變而來。若「im-」後面的字母為發唇音（p、b、m）時，為了更方便發音就把「in-」改成「im-」；而「-burse」是由拉丁文bursa轉變而來，有purse（皮包）的意思。若將這些意思結合，便是「give the money back and put it into the purse」補償你金錢的意思。
詞類變化：
reimbursement (n.)償還款項
reimbursable (adj.)可償還的
reimbursability (n.)償還性
例句：
Business expenses may be reimbursed if an individual paid the expense from personal funds.
這句是從Princeton University（普林斯頓大學） 網站上，針對職員事先墊付款項Reimbursement policy的說明，意思為「若是個人因公先預付費用，其公事款項可以申請補償」。
重點單字：
1. expense (n.) 花費
原意為pay out，還記得ex-字首有outside的意思嗎？
expensive (adj.) 昂貴的

2. individual (n.) (adj.) 個人
individuality (n.) 個體化

延伸閱讀》好英文也能用在當兵上？
3.compensate (v.) 補償
compensate同樣翻為補償，但是指的卻是「因令人不快的服務或者顧客的損失提供補償」或是「針對員工不利的狀況提供補償」，明顯是用在較為負面的情況。
詞類變化：
compensation (n.) 補償（款項）
compensative (adj.) 償還的
compensator (n.) 補償者
例句：
The objectives of the Group’s compensation policy include attracting and retaining employees.
這是從瑞士瑞信銀行（Credit Suisse）的網站上擷取的內容，主要說明其員工補償政策的目的。意思為「本集團（員工）補償政策的目的包含吸引及留住員工」。

重點單字：
1. objective (n.) 目標

2. retain (v.) 保留
字根「-tain」來自拉丁文「-tenere」，有「hold」的意思，因此原意為「hold back」表示保留。



小試身手：多益模擬測驗

What is Costco’s major appliance return policy?
Effective Jan. 5, 2016, major appliances have been added to the Costco Concierge Services program, another benefit of Costco membership. The manufacturer’s warranty on major appliances is two years and free warranty assistance is available to Costco members from Costco Concierge Services. With this change, Costco will accept returns within 90 days from the date the member received the following items:

•Refrigerators (more than 10 cu. ft.)
•Washers
•Dryers
•Dishwashers
•Freezers
•Ranges
•Cooktops
•Over-the-Range Microwaves

Manufacturer’s warranty service is available on all major appliances. See manufacturer’s warranty for specific coverage terms.
The manufacturer extends the warranty on Major Appliances listed above to 2 YEARS from the date the member received the merchandise. Please call the manufacturer directly or call Costco Concierge Services at 1-866-861-0450 for warranty assistance.
Please retain your receipt for proof of warranty entitlement.
Email Us



1. What products does the policy mainly focus on?
A. All major products
B. All major appliances
C. Food and Groceries
D. Dryers and dishwashers

2. How long is the warranty with the new policy?
A. 90 days
B. 2 years
C. 10 days
D. Depends on different appliances

3. How can a customer obtain warranty assistance?
A. Call the manufacturer directly
B. Email Customer Service
C. Call Costco Concierge Services
D. Call either the manufacturer or Concierge Services



解析：

1.正解（B）
題目問「這篇文章主要針對的商品為何？」根據第一句「major appliances have been added to the Costco Concierge Services program」可以知道，主要針對所有主力的家電用品，因此答案選B。選項（A）須注意，不是所有商品，因此不能選。選項（D）只有提到其中兩種，也不能選。

2. 正解（B）
題目問「新政策規定的保固期多久？」根據「The manufacturer’s warranty on major appliances is two years」可以知道為兩年，故答案選B。選項（A）90天並非保固期，而是購買商品後90天內可退貨，故不選。

3. 正解（D）
題目問「顧客該如何獲得商品保固的協助？」根據「Please call the manufacturer directly or call Costco Concierge Services at 1-866-861-0450 for warranty assistance」，答案應該選D。選項（A）或（C）都只有涵蓋其中一種方法，不完整。儘管文章中有出現email，選項（B）非其中一種管道，故不可選。

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第三題

3.The free＿＿＿＿for luggage is 25 kilos.
• heft •space •allowance

答案是allowance(不是heft)：限額；定量[C]/免稅額

What is the baggage allowance of this airline ? 這家航空公司的行李重量限額是多少？

What ' s your daily calorie allowance ? 你的每天熱量攝入量最多是多少？

The baggage allowance is 75 pounds per person . 每個人准許帶75磅重的行李。

In 1978 allowances amounted to $ 7 , 200 for a family of four . 1978年﹐一個四口之家的收入免稅額是7,200美元。

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這裏有一個關於heft的提問，沒有興趣的話，就直接skip吧：
http://english.stackexchange.com/questi ... t-and-heft

What is the difference between weight and heft?

There’s a dictionary saying heft means weight, but what does heft mean in the phrase of “weight and heft”? Is it "weight and weight"? I think there might be some difference between weight and heft, but I don’t know for sure. I’d be happy if you could help me.

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fmdr4428剛剛更新了

fetid/filthy/foul/frowsy 的記法，

有興趣的話可到第10頁去看。

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hector 欺凌，威嚇 to speak to someone in an angry, threatening way

發音記法：he-c-tor ->嚇恐他->威嚇

a hectoring , bullying tone of voice 威嚇欺凌的口氣
(霸凌就是從bully音譯來的)

He did not hector , threaten compulsion, or insult anybody.
Times, Sunday Times (2002)

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Kleptomania, kleptocracy兩個字都有klepto-這個字根，是steal偷竊的意思。如果記不住klepto-這個字根的意思，即使知道-mania(癖)、-cracy(統治rule)的意思，也是無法記住Kleptomania, kleptocracy的意義。

如何記住klepto-這個字根的意思呢？很簡單！klepto-的尾巴是t+o，各別的音標發起來是[t][o]，拼起來正是「偷」的中文發音！所以只要看klepto-的尾巴的t-o，不需特別記憶，klepto-這個字根的意思自然就出來了！

Kleptomania偷竊癖/狂
Nobody need know; and, if they should, kleptomania is quite genteel.

Kleptocracy: 貪污統治
(A government characterized by rampant greed and corruption.)
Those who hold power in such systems are thieves who run a vast kleptocracy.(NYT 2014/3/11)

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xx帝國麟渡兮老師 GRE 考試部落格
http://zdcgre.blogspot.tw/2013/06/blog-post_4.html
介紹了兩個單字：lass (n) 少女。lad (n) 少男
==================================================================

lass這個單字不難背，主要是因為台灣播出過「靈犬萊西」（原著書名為「萊西回家」，Lassie Comes Home）這部影集，Lassie的意思就是「a little lass; girl」(很多人可能還不知道萊西其實是一條很棒的母狗)，在朗文字典上甚至還說「lass，又作 lassie」。

知道了萊西lassie就是lass，lass不用死背自然就記起來了。

至於lad，直接記成「雷德少男」(把發音加入，不要只記「少男」)，口誦心惟幾次就記起來了。

例句：

A sweet, languorous British lass showed me to my table, hard by(緊鄰) a wood stove and a corrugated-steel wall. New York Times May 2, 2013


“You know, lad, this love business is a powerful thing,” he says in Merlin’s reedy, old man’s voice. New York Times Mar 8, 2014

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procrastinate：拖延；耽擱。

很長很難的字，標準的big word，不過它卻很好背！

發音記法：普羅柯瑞斯大內(人名)拖(延)->拖延；耽擱

重點就在最後面那個t，發音近似「拖」(延)，至於前面一長串的人名就隨大家編了！

例句：
At least some of the late-December shoppers didn’t mean to procrastinate, but technical issues thwarted their earlier attempts to sign up for coverage. Washington Post Dec 30, 2013
至少某些十二月底的購物者並不想要拖延，但技術性問題阻撓了他們早先想報名參加新聞報導的嘗試。

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之前的gre類比考題
dilatory:procrastinate= malcontent:complain
===============================================

也可用上法來背dilatory這個字

發音記法：狄拉(人名)拖(延的)理(由)->拖延的

重點就在to，發音近似「拖」(延)

例句：
Some of the bloat has to do with the dilatory antics of the replacement referees, but that's not the lone cause.
Slate Sep 13, 2012
有些誇張與替代裁判的拖拉滑稽動作有關，但是那不是唯一的原因。


Canada, America and Australia are gaining from those we shun with our rebarbative, dilatory visa system and increasingly xenophobic politics. The Guardian Mar 1, 2013
我們用令人討厭的、拖延的簽證制度，及越來越排外的政策來規避世人的結果，讓加拿大，美國和澳大利亞從中得益。

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twirl 旋轉n/v

發音記法：陀螺->旋轉

synonym：swirl, whirl, birl(字尾有irl)


ex.
Pink, known for singing while twirling on a trapeze, will appear in “a highly anticipated moment,” the producers said in a news release. New York Times Mar 3, 2014

Pink(紅粉佳人)，以在空中吊臺快速旋轉著名的歌者，將出現在“萬眾期待的時刻”，該製片在新聞發布會上表示。

補充：2014年1月27日 - 紅粉佳人（P!nk）在第56屆葛萊美上，一出場就懸吊在高空中，身上僅綁著黑色吊帶不停旋轉，看了就令人直冒冷汗。且接著唱她的代表作《try》和男舞者跳體操，展現力與美。

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xx帝國麟渡兮老師在GRE考試部落格寫道：
gratuitous (a) 不需要的/不必要的
(MW1) not necessary or appropriate
(MW2) not called for by the circumstances: UNWARRANTED <gratuitous insolence >
<a gratuitous assumption>
[例] The film was criticized for its gratuitous violence.
[記] 用 gratuity (小費) 來記，小費是你 "不需要的" 錢，所以給出去。
================================================================
問題是：gratuitous(免費的/不必要的/無端的)用 gratuity (小費) 來記，那gratuity用什麼記呢？

[記] gratuity=grat(表「感謝」的字根)+u(you，如waiter)+ity(名詞字尾)->

例如：吃完飯後，感謝(grat-)waiter(u)提供服務的一種表示(-ity)->可以是小費tip、口頭讚許或向主管反應-----。

例句
"The gratuitous nudity in the movie did not contribute to the plot, but was added to
attract teenage boys to the film."
(不必要的裸露對電影情節並沒有什麼貢獻，加入電影中只為了吸引十幾歲的男孩來看電影。)