1. 關鍵字:
anomaly表示對比2. 空格中應該填入一個名詞(在現今對於個人行為塑造方面最有力的影響因素是什麼),
而空格中的這個詞語與前面所述內容由anomaly看出是反義關係。
3.前面是說「沒有immediate gain的個人犧牲」,反義就是“有immediate gain/不個人犧牲”
(只進不出的自私人性),所以要選有負面意義的選項。
AB項是正面意義的字眼,CD兩項為中性選項,不是題意需要的負面意義,那E呢?
entitlement有一個慣用語a sense of entitlement,有「這個世界欠我,所以我可以予取予求」、
「那是我的」的意思,意涵極負面,恰好符合需求(見4.說明)。
(A) fairness:(公平平等)marked by impartiality and honesty : free from self-interest, prejudice, or favoritism
(B) humanitarianism:(人道主義)a person promoting human welfare and social reform : PHILANTHROPIST
(C) causality:(因果關係)the relation between a cause and its effect or between regularly correlated events or phenomena
(D) ambiguity:(模糊)a : the quality or state of being ambiguous especially in meaning b : an ambiguous word or expression
(E) entitlement:((應得的)權利)a : the state or condition of being entitled : RIGHT b : a right to benefits specified especially by law or contract
4.
本題在考這個慣用語a sense of entitlement:
(1)有「這個世界欠我,所以我可以予取予求」、「那是我的」的意思。
例句:
They are “slackers” who have a sense of entitlement, and as they enter the workforce
they are placing all kinds of unrealistic demands on employers for everything from
sophisticated technology to new approaches to management.
( 他們是「懶惰蟲」 ,茶來伸手飯來張口,自命不凡予取予求。當他們進入職場,他們對
雇主有不切實際的期待---雇主會教他們高深的科技和最新的管理方式)
“One of the things that takes you by surprise is that there is zero sense of entitlement,”
said Katie Jacobs, an executive producer who has worked with her.
曾經與她合作的執行製片凱蒂‧雅各斯說:「有一點會讓你吃驚:她完全不會自命不凡予取予求。」
(2) More recently, entitlement has taken on a critical sense.
If someone has a sense of entitlement, that means the person believes he deserves certain privileges — and he's arrogant about it. The term "culture of entitlement" suggests that many people now have highly unreasonable expectations about what they are entitled to.
(3)例如以下這篇文章,有關小孩子「予取予求」的行為的討論:
You Owe Me!
Children of Entitlement
Lynne Namka, Ed. D. © 1997(
http://www.angriesout.com/teach9.htm)
"I want ___, Give it to me ___, Buy me ___" seem to be the constant demand of some children.
Some children feel owed or entitled to get their way. While it is normal for a child to ask for
what he wants, some children are overly demanding and needy. They have not learned to
balance taking from others with giving; they view other people as existing merely to give to them.
spank註:
父母離婚的小孩比較會有這種「是父母欠他們的,父母親要給予他們要的」的心態。
我認識一個父母離婚的小孩,與父親同住,父母親常訴說對方的不是以爭取他的支持,這常讓他感到一股
拉扯的力量。為了爭取他的支持,作父親的因此常常買禮物送給他。時間久了習慣了禮物,父親一沒送禮物,
他就大討大鬧,然後父親就送他禮物,日復一日,惡性循環,在沒人教導與提醒的情況下,他對別人的態度
也是如此,認為別人就是要對他好,要送禮物給他,這種「別人都欠他,別人都要給他」的心態,最後變成
他性格的一部分。
這種懷抱「這個世界都欠我,所以我可以予取予求」的人(時時刻刻都在需索),如果他突然作出犧牲個人利益而不要求立即囘報的行為時,那真的是很怪,在旁人眼裏看來他就是行為異常(anomaly)。所以整句我們可以這樣翻譯:
在這個時代,當「這個世界欠我,所以我可以予取予求」的想法是主宰一個人行為的最強大的因素時,
沒有得到立即回報的個人犧牲是很反常的。
5.很明顯地,gre真的有在考字的用法,你如果只是死背entitlement的意思,而不知道entitlement有
一個習慣用法:「a sense of entitlement」,意思與entitlement差很大,你對本題就無法有通徹的了解。