[問題]OG 119

[faithful]

119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of

(B)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business

(C)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of

(D)significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business

(E)significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business

Choice B, the best answer, uses clear and concise phrasing to state that it is the effects of drug and alcohol abuse that already cost business the sum mentioned. In A, to business is awkwardly and confusingly inserted between cost and the prepositional phrase that modifies it, and are already a cost to business is wordy and awkward compared to cost business. In C, already with business costs of... is awkward and unclear, failing to specify that those prior effects generate the cost. Choices D and E produce faulty constructions with the phrase significant in compounding, which cannot grammatically modify the verb form is growing

對於答案 (B) 沒有太大意見，但是經過友人指點，總算弄懂題目句構，故在此與大家分享，希望能幫助那些有同樣疑惑的人。

Executives and federal officials say that the use (名詞子句之主詞) of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers and significantly compounds (對應前面"is growing") the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which (非限定用法之關係代名詞，指涉"the effects"，因為後面是接"are"，即便 (B) 也是接"cost") already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

野人獻曝，請不吝指正，感激不盡。

[Pufa]

謝謝分享！
即使是還沒有人發問的題目，也歡迎大家說出自己的想法。

[puthing]

請問which為什麼不會產生指代abuse的歧義呢?

(我只記得which是帶最接近之名詞,請大家指正一下^^")

[Pufa]

請問which為什麼不會產生指代abuse的歧義呢?

(我只記得which是帶最接近之名詞,請大家指正一下^^")

http://www.formosamba.com/phpBB3/viewtopi ... 7598#57598
進來討論吧。

[puthing]

明天會先研究一下新題目的

謝謝嘍~

[davidslin]

請問which為什麼不會產生指代abuse的歧義呢?

(我只記得which是帶最接近之名詞,請大家指正一下^^")

因為the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost......
動詞cost是複數 所以只能修飾effects喔

[puthing]

請問which為什麼不會產生指代abuse的歧義呢?

(我只記得which是帶最接近之名詞,請大家指正一下^^")

因為the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost......
動詞cost是複數 所以只能修飾effects喔

謝謝您的解答

不過不知道您是從(B)直接反推得知

還是有規則可以套用呢?

因為考試的時候就怕沒有這麼簡單嘍!

(EX.如果兩個都是cost 那怎麼辦 )

請繼續指點

謝您!

[davidslin]

請問which為什麼不會產生指代abuse的歧義呢?

(我只記得which是帶最接近之名詞,請大家指正一下^^")

因為the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost......
動詞cost是複數 所以只能修飾effects喔

謝謝您的解答

不過不知道您是從(B)直接反推得知

還是有規則可以套用呢?

因為考試的時候就怕沒有這麼簡單嘍!

(EX.如果兩個都是cost 那怎麼辦 )

請繼續指點

謝您!

A of B,which的句型,老莫有說過 90%都是代A,表示which在A of B中,AB皆可代,而此句中cost又是複數動詞,顯然只能代A
如果遇到A跟B與動詞的單複數都相符,這時就把AB帶進去看句意是否正確,如果用A句意對,而B句意錯,那應該是代A,反之亦然
若是AB都符合句意,則就是指代不清了
如果兩個答案都是cost,ETS通常都會在別的地方搞鬼,也就是考點不是在which關代上,而是在其他的地方
其實遇到這種考分詞或是關代的題目,先找別的地方有無錯誤,刪到沒法刪了,在去看關代或分詞的部份,可能比較好答題吧
參考一下,有錯請指正喔!

[ck1109]

119. Executives and federal officials say that the use of crack and cocaine is growing rapidly among workers, significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of more than $100 billion a year.

(A)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already are a cost to business of

(B)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, which already cost business

(C)significantly compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, already with business costs of

(D)significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costing business

(E)significant in compounding the effects of drug and alcohol abuse, and already costs business


請教一下
關於(C)這個選項
是省略了關代 which嗎
又再請教一下
(C)錯的原因是什麼?

[Ace]

感覺上會Cost business money應該是the use of crack and cocaine而不是the effects of drug and alcohol abuse
可否請高人指點

[dibert8]

(D) (E) 改變句意: significantly compounding ... <> significant in compounding => (A) (B) (C) 比較長短 => (B)
(A) (B) (C) : the use of ..., significantly compounding ... = the use of ..., and significantly compounds ...,
(D) (E) : the use of ..., significant in compounding ..., = the use of ..., which is/are significant in compounding ..., (which = use, workers 1. 指代不清, 2. the use is significant <> the use significantly compounds ...)
(C) with 有不知是修飾主句還是插句的問題

[dibert8]

若依莫老所說的: 非限定用法不能改成省略子句
(D) (E) the use of ..., significant in compounding ..., = the use of ... which are significant in compounding ..., (which = workers) 語意就顯得不合邏輯了