[問題] 大全-8

[lunar916]

8. A huge flying reptile that died out with the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago, the Quetzalcoatlus had a wingspan of 36 feet, believed to be the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
(A) believed to be
(B) and that is believed to be
(C) and it is believed to have been
(D) which was, it is believed,
(E) which is believed to be




ANS: C

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這題我不太知道要怎樣解....
可以幫我解釋一下嗎??
感覺每個都差不多
看了答案覺得解點好像是 "have been",可是我又不太懂為何是要用"have benn"....

[Pufa]

因為題目後面有個has ever seen呀~
後半句的翻譯為：
據信是地球上『有史以來』『出現過』最大的飛行生物。

[uniqueben]

為什麼不選E？
我的想法：
因為前面有the Quetzalcoatlus和a wingspan，所以which is 不能省略，which 指的是the Quetzalcoatlus.
描述事實不是應該用現在式嗎？例如：He is the craziest person I have ever seen. 我們不會因為後面有have ever seen，所以前面就用He has been the craziest person....
我不知道我的想法有沒有錯？錯在哪？
希望有人可以幫我解惑一下，謝謝！

[sweetymanman]

但是選E，which也有可能指 feet
所以我覺得有「指代不清」的問題

[joychen6077]

再請教一下，(A)的答案為什麼不行呢？

假設原句為 and it(Quetzalcoatlus) is believed to be~
省略掉相同主詞→ believed to be~

[sweetymanman]

這是大全的解釋，可以參考喔

A, 錯在believed to be修飾物件模糊，逗號+done做定語優先修飾前面就近的名詞。參考大全174：
Elephants emit low-frequency sounds, believed to originate from a small area on their foreheads, that they may use as a secret language to communicate with other members of the herd.
主語+謂語+賓語，done。如果過去分詞放在句末是修飾主語的，可以認爲這個句型不是ETS喜歡的。
另外believed to be有Quetzalcoatlus現在仍存在的意味。to have been比to be好，to have been表believe之前就是的。

[joychen6077]

謝謝sweetymanman詳細的解說
小弟真的受益良多！

[dibert8]

有兩個觀念希望大家幫忙澄清.
1. "S ... N, V-ed" vs "S ... N, V-ing": 後者有三種用法, (1) V-ing = and V, 主詞同主要子句 S, (2) V-ing = which V, which = N, (3) V-ing = which V, which = S ... N (i.e. 前面的主要子句); 可是前者逗點加過去分詞只能用表示關代非限定用法嗎 (i.e. 前者 ", V-ing" 的第二種情形)?
這樣可消去 (A). 不知有無其它的例題來驗證?
2. 這題用現在式 believe to be 一定不可以嗎?
The Quetzalcoatlus is believed to be the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
=> The Quetzalcoatlus is the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
以陳述事實的觀點看不出有什麼錯! Quetzalcoatlus 一定要活著,才能用現在式嗎?
用現在完成式: The Quetzalcoatlus is believed to have been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
=> The Quetzalcoatlus has been the largest flying creature the world has ever seen.
好像現在 Quetzalcoatlus 不再是世界所見最大的飛鳥 (曾經是,但現在不是). 這樣是事實?

[dibert8]

OG10 有一個相關的題目:
9. Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science.
(A) that they believe is
(B) that they believe it to be
(C) they believe that it is of
(D) they believe that is
(E) they believe to be of


答案: (E) 現在式!
如果比較[大全-8]的答案, OG10-Q9的主要句子是現在完成式, 而且 previously unknown (supposedly it is now known, isn't it?), 但是答案仍然用現在式, 而不是現在完成式 (they believe to have been of), 究竟怎麼回事呢?

[Pufa]

OG10 有一個相關的題目:
9. Astronomers at the Palomar Observatory have discovered a distant supernova explosion, one that they believe is a type previously unknown to science.
(A) that they believe is
(B) that they believe it to be
(C) they believe that it is of
(D) they believe that is
(E) they believe to be of


答案: (E) 現在式!
如果比較[大全-8]的答案, OG10-Q9的主要句子是現在完成式, 而且 previously unknown (supposedly it is now known, isn't it?), 但是答案仍然用現在式, 而不是現在完成式 (they believe to have been of), 究竟怎麼回事呢?

previously unknown (supposedly it is now known, isn't it?)

事實上是不對的，我一時之間也說不清楚。
頂樓例題後面有明確說明那creature是the world has ever seen。
而OG這題previously unknown不該用完成式，我感覺不出用完成式的理由。

我在想想要怎麼講比較好...現在要出門了。