[問題]賴水信托福文法p326(117)

[ceec]

chapter 21

第117題

The universe is so vast that the astronomical distances in the far-away

heavens are measured by light-year,_____ kilometer.

(A) rather than by (B) instead of (C) but by (D) than by

答案是 A

我知道rather than 是平行結構的片語,前後要接結構平行的東西

但是(B) 錯在哪裡??

而(C) but當介係詞..所以把by去掉就對了?

(D)是因為前無比較級所以錯
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不知道這樣的觀念對不對...請各位大大幫幫忙解說一下 謝謝

[maloney]

雖然說A用平行結構較好，但是B好像也沒錯。
查了一下Collins COBUILD字典的文法解釋:
`instead of'
Instead of is a preposition. You use it to introduce something which is not done, not used, or not true when you are contrasting it with something which is done, is used, or is true.
I'm tired of sleeping in the mud instead of a nice warm bed.
If you want to have your meal at seven o'clock instead of five o'clock, you can.

You can say that someone does something instead of doing something else.
You could always write this instead of using your word processor.
I went up the tributary instead of sticking to the river.

You do not say that someone does something `instead to do' something else.

(c) HarperCollins Publishers.
instead of，因為後方of是介係詞，所以後方是接名詞或是動名詞。
而在比較的原介係詞by因為後方接instead of，所以不再用by。
只是COBUILD字典例句的instead of放句中前方是不需要逗點的，這個有關係嗎?
至C的but by在文法應該沒不對，不過我認為but應該是連接詞詞性才對。直接用by~是省略前方同樣的主詞和動詞。
但是but前方通常是not，而but是重點。如果用but在語義上就不對，會讓人覺得前方的應該是否定才對，但是本句前方是肯定。
如果but做介係詞=except(除了...之外)和notwithstanding(雖然，儘管)，語義好像怪怪的。而且即便but做prep來解去掉by，但是but句才是重點，本句重點是measured by light-year而不是but kilometer。所以語義上來說也不對。