First of all, let's look at why the temperatures tend to be higher in the city than the rural areas. This happens because almost 50 percent of the urban areas are comprised of hard surfaces like paved streets, parking lots, buildings and rooftops. As the result, any amount of rainfall is quickly repelled by this service and carried away by storm drains and gutters. Especially water just doesn't have the chance to stand around until evaporate and during the process of the evaporation that heat is removed from the air. So in cities where there is less evaporation, temperatures will be higher, and of course there are also be issued of added heat coming from building heating system, from industry, cars and even human body. Even within the city itself, temperatures can vary significantly. For an example, in winter, street that gets a lot of use will be 2 or 3 degree warmer than less traveled streets. Place where car sits for a while like a stoplight can be another 3 degrees warmer. On the other hand, low spots in the city where cold air collect will be much colder than the higher places. Rain and snowfall are also affected by urbanization. Cities tend to get quite less snowfall than the surrounding countryside because of the warmer temperature in the city, but the rainfall in the city can be 5 to 10 percent higher. That happens because of 2 factors. First, the warm city temperature; second, the large number of dust particles in the urban air. It seems dust particles are important requirement for condensation. The water vapor in the atmosphere is able to change to liquid by planning to dust particles suspended in the air. So where there are the higher number of dust particles, condensation take place more easily. That's why fogs and clouds are usually more frequent around the city. Once condensation takes place, the rainfall is not far behind. In the London area, for an example, thunderstorms can produce 30 percent more rainfall than the surrounding countryside. Some urban climatologists go so far as they argue that they can see a pattern increasing the rainfall during the workweek. They believe rainfall amounts are small around the weekend because the dust particles generate by cars and factories are reduced.
請問一下紅色部份 "plan to" 該怎麼解釋呢?
水蒸汽轉變成液體利用計畫懸浮在空氣中的灰塵?