OG(VR)#53

[stellaadixen]

There is a great of geographical variation in the frequency of many surgical procedures-up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand people among different areas in the numbers of hysterextomies, protatectomies, and tonsillectomies.

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?

(A) A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the the surgical procedure was necessary.
(B) The variation is unrelated to facotrs other than the surgical procedures themselves that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered.
(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies that are often performed unnecessarily.
(D) For certain surgical procedures, it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would be suceeded.
(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general.

這題我實在不懂它要的是什麼? 做錯了好多次.不知道版上大大們可否幫幫忙

[hsyeng]

在許多的手術發生的頻率上地區性的變異很大(手術發生的頻率會因地區而有很大變化)--在不同的地區每10萬人動下列三種手術的次數可以有10倍的變異
要支持這些變異都是因為不必要的手術 必須要建立以下哪一點：
(類似assumption)
(A)檢視各醫院的地區部會調查每個手術以決定是否該手術是需要的(兩面：如果發現手術都是需要的那這樣的動作就無法support結論)
(B)其他原因都無關(的確有支持到)
(C)其他手術(除了這三種手術外)常常都是不必要的(out of range且無法支持論點)
(D)在動完手術後就很難判斷此手術之必要性(這樣更無法支持論點)
(E)關於不需要的手術進行有多常發生, 這三種手術是一般手術的代表(這是range的定義與支持論點無關)
大家討論～不確定這樣是不是無誤～

[hwatai]

嗯嗯,,這題我只有考慮AB選項

B選項，如果改成... is related to....就變成另有它因的反駁句，所以B可視為『反駁的反駁，負負得正』做support或做assumtion，基本上沒問題

A選項我讀起有點似是而非，感覺沒有邏輯味在裡邊兒

原題要support：X is due to Y，然而A選項只是在Y打轉，有點像Y的成本多少，Y的發明時間是何時．．．，其實不論Y的本質如何，都建立不起Support：X is due to Y的邏輯要求