GWD-8-Q7 to GWD-8-Q10:(專利題)

[VC]

GWD-8-Q9:
The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.
B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.
C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.
D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.
直接選 A

覺得本題題目是說有關專利權的品質，而不是數量吧?
但是文中哪裡有提到1980'的品質比一百年前高?
或許數量有增加，但是品質是下降吧?

[gotit1976]

GWD-8-Q9:
The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later. B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.
C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.
D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

個人意見,請參考
early 1980's>十年後,因為1982~1992下降,所以1981應該會>十年後

Ziedonis and Hall,
for example, found that
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting. Instead,
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined.

[davidslin]

GWD-8-Q9:
The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later. B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.
C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.
D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

個人意見,請參考
early 1980's>十年後,因為1982~1992下降,所以1981應該會>十年後

Ziedonis and Hall,
for example, found that
investment in research and
development (a reasonable
proxy for innovation) did
(20) not substantially increase
between 1982 and 1992,
the industry’s most feverish
period of patenting. Instead,
semiconductor firms simply
(25) squeezed more patents out
of existing research and
development expenditures.
Moreover, Ziedonis and
Hall found that as patenting
(30) activity at semiconductor
firms increased in the
1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined.

Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s
我是看這句話的

[chihhan123]

GWD-8-Q9:
The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.
B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.
C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.
D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

我認為這題考的應該是細節題，要的是direct message
選想(A) 似乎沒有明講，而且答案(A)也不像是文章所希望表達的主張(claim)

老實說，這題我選(B)

我的想法是：依照整篇文章的文意

因為企業在1982~1992年間，專利狂熱期間，專利活動增加，
企業為了策略的目的，不斷地自現有的研究裡擠出專利來，
其專利被核准的數量至少維持與之前相同，甚至更多。(箭頭往上)

但反觀專利的品質卻是下降的。(箭頭往下)

答案(B) 指出者兩者間的是相互獨立的
B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.

不曉得這樣想有什麼錯誤?

[davidslin]

GWD-8-Q9:
The passage makes which of the following claims about patent quality in the semiconductor industry?

A. It was higher in the early 1980’s than it was a decade later.
B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.
C. It changed between 1982 and 1992 in ways that were linked to changes in research and development expenditures.
D. It is not adequately discussed in the industry’s technical literature.
E. It was measured by inappropriate means during the period from 1982 to 1992.

我認為這題考的應該是細節題，要的是direct message
選想(A) 似乎沒有明講，而且答案(A)也不像是文章所希望表達的主張(claim)

老實說，這題我選(B)

我的想法是：依照整篇文章的文意

因為企業在1982~1992年間，專利狂熱期間，專利活動增加，
企業為了策略的目的，不斷地自現有的研究裡擠出專利來，
其專利被核准的數量至少維持與之前相同，甚至更多。(箭頭往上)

但反觀專利的品質卻是下降的。(箭頭往下)

答案(B) 指出者兩者間的是相互獨立的
B. It is largely independent of the number of patents granted.

不曉得這樣想有什麼錯誤?

可是你是如何知道專利的品質是下降的呢?
應該是從這段

1980’s, the consensus
among industry employees
was that the average quality
(35) of their firms’ patents
declined. Though patent
quality is a difficult notion
to measure, the number of
times a patent is cited in
the technical literature is
a reasonable yardstick, and
citations per semiconductor
patent did decline during
the 1980’s
來的吧?
那這段不是直接說明了A?

而且文中只討論了1980年代電子業的現象,不能概然論之電子業在他整個發展的年代中被核准的專利數量與品質都是獨立不相關的.

[chihhan123]

了解了!!
謝謝Davidslin 的講解!

[stilalala]

第七題 我也覺得應該是A (選項中最全面的答案)
理由如下 打好久 如果有不對的地方 就麻煩大家了

The system of patent-
granting, which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas.
原本大家對patent的了解 "anticipated results"

Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity.

點出某個study 發現unanticipated results

然後下面為 Z+H討論study所發現的 unanticipated results

討論半導體產業patent的現象
phenomenon 1
investment in R&D didn’t increase but more patents
導致patents average quality decline
phenomenon 2
the way companies manage patenting process
not for innovation but for market

我也覺得是a耶
我覺得全文就是在說明
patent增加但是innovation,quality卻沒有增加---unexpected resulits
然後引用別人的學說,此學說以半導體產業為例
來闡述這種現象,最後在說明可能的原因

所以a比較合理

至於c,感覺半導體產業是例子而已耶,不是主旨

這樣想哪裡錯了呢

可以請各位大大幫忙看看嗎

謝謝

[yaokk]

這篇文章從頭到尾都是這個Z & H的study，而這個study以半導體業為例。
這個unexpected result是：半導體業對專利的應用(practice)跟以前不同了

作者在全文第一句話就說明了一般認為的專利之於企業的關係，
但其實他是要說明一個不同於這個概念的發現，也就是：企業對專利的應用跟以前不同了，於是開始介紹這個study。
我認為第一句話只是幫讀者先建立一個背景、導讀一下，免得直接講會很唐突，讀者也看不出專利的用法有什麼改變。

題目問的是primarily concerned with discussing，跟primary purpose不盡相同哩~
所以第七題一定是要選A的，沒有別的答案呀！

C選項是說：這篇文章主要在談一種xx和xx的關連

文章讀下來的感覺，應該不是這樣。
文章只說patent activity增加不等於更innovative，
沒有詳加說明，不可能是全文的討論內容咩~~
所以不選

[stwang]

Q8:
The passage suggests which of the following about patenting in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 ?
A. The declining number of citations per semiconductor patent in the technical literature undermines the notion that patenting activity increased during this period.
B. A decline in patent quality forced firms to change the way they managed the patenting process.
C. Increased efficiencies allowed firms to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures.
D. Firms’ emphasis on filing patents for strategic purposes may have contributed to a decline in patent quality.
E. Firms’ attempts to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures may have contributed to a decline in infringement suites.

正確答案是D
我寫題目的時候是選B
This decline in
(45) quality may be related to
changes in the way semiconductor
firms managed
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips to ward
(55) off infringement suites or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.

我想請問各位大大...
B錯的原因是因為文章裡面只是用假設語氣 而B選項裡面語氣太強的關係嗎
看了半個小時我只想到這個關係...
還有其他原因導致B這個選項錯誤嗎
請各位大大指教.....

[stilalala]

Q8:
The passage suggests which of the following about patenting in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 ?
A. The declining number of citations per semiconductor patent in the technical literature undermines the notion that patenting activity increased during this period.
B. A decline in patent quality forced firms to change the way they managed the patenting process.
C. Increased efficiencies allowed firms to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures.
D. Firms’ emphasis on filing patents for strategic purposes may have contributed to a decline in patent quality.
E. Firms’ attempts to derive more patents from existing research and development expenditures may have contributed to a decline in infringement suites.

正確答案是D
我寫題目的時候是選B
This decline in
(45) quality may be related to
changes in the way semiconductor
firms managed
their patenting process:
rather than patenting to win
(50) exclusive rights to a valuable
new technology, patents
were filed more for strategic
purposes, to be used as
bargaining chips to ward
(55) off infringement suites or
as a means to block
competitors’ products.

我想請問各位大大...
B錯的原因是因為文章裡面只是用假設語氣 而B選項裡面語氣太強的關係嗎
看了半個小時我只想到這個關係...
還有其他原因導致B這個選項錯誤嗎
請各位大大指教.....

選b變成反因為果了
是因為strategy-->poor patent qulity
而不是因poor quality --> change process

請指教

[shine_allen]

可以請問一下第7題的e為什麼錯嗎?
我覺得,a和c都把半導體產業的活動當成重點了,
這應該不是作者的目的,作者應該是藉由半導體做例子,
來說明patenting的活動的現象,
而e說明作者藉由半導體的現象,來探究為什麼會這樣的結論,e很對阿.

至於整篇文章是不是該study,我也覺得不是,
我怎麼覺得是作者用該study及半導體產業來輔助說明,其實都是作者的推論阿,為什麼各位大大都是說是該study的內容勒

[superruby]

幫你把題目貼出來:
GWD-8-Q7:
The passage is primarily concerned with discussing

A. a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results
B. a study of the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992 that advocates certain changes in the industry’s management of the patenting process
C. the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992
D. reasons that investment in research and development in the semiconductor industry did not increase significantly during the period from 1982 to 1992 錯在太細
E. certain factors that made the period from 1982 to 1992 a time of intense patenting activity in the semiconductor industry

我認為e 之所以不對在於它不是重點, 判讀由以下幾點:
1.文章第一句開宗名義說一般認定的PARENTING 跟 INNOVAITON的關係
2.semiconductor industry 是被舉來當反証的例子

對於E的解讀我的翻譯如下:
"某些原因(focus)"造成from 1982 to 1992 半導體業興盛的專利申請
由於討論"某些原因不是全文的重點, 所以不能選E

hope I make myself clear, and if I had made any wrong interpretaiton, please feel free to correct me.

[shine_allen]

謝謝你的回答,我理解了

[steris]

第七題 我也覺得應該是A (選項中最全面的答案)
理由如下 打好久 如果有不對的地方 就麻煩大家了

The system of patent-
granting, which confers
temporary monopolies for
Line the exploitation of new tech-
(5) nologies, was originally
established as an incentive
to the pursuit of risky new
ideas.
原本大家對patent的了解 "anticipated results"

Yet studies of the
most patent-conscious
(10) business of all—the semiconductor
industry—suggest
that firms do not necessarily
become more innovative as
they increase their patenting
(15) activity.

點出某個study 發現unanticipated results

然後下面為 Z+H討論study所發現的 unanticipated results

討論半導體產業patent的現象
phenomenon 1
investment in R&D didn’t increase but more patents
導致patents average quality decline
phenomenon 2
the way companies manage patenting process
not for innovation but for market

我也覺得是a耶
我覺得全文就是在說明
patent增加但是innovation,quality卻沒有增加---unexpected resulits
然後引用別人的學說,此學說以半導體產業為例
來闡述這種現象,最後在說明可能的原因

所以a比較合理

至於c,感覺半導體產業是例子而已耶,不是主旨

這樣想哪裡錯了呢

可以請各位大大幫忙看看嗎

謝謝

不好意思請問一下Q7有確定答案是 A 還是 C 嗎?
這題我是選C
主要是因為作者提到Z+H 的研究時在 Line 16 所加的 "for example"
代表這只是為了舉例來說明文章的主旨
如果選 A , 難道說例子也可以成為文章的main idea嗎?
好疑惑啊.... 請好心的大大幫忙開釋一下~~

[nexxt0722]

第七題,個人支持C:the connection between patenting and innovation in the semiconductor industry during the period from 1982 to 1992

整個文章的主軸在前二句
第一句:the pursuit of risky new ideas促成patent granting(創新-->專利)
第二句:increase of patent activity不必然more invovative(專利-X->創新)

之後用二個半導體業的專利情況,來支持作者所主張的專利與創新之間的關係
情況一:當專利活動如火如荼時,R&D的投資(a reasonable proxy for innovation)卻未顯著增加(第15~22行) (專利-X->創新)
情況二:當專利活動如日中天時,專利品質卻下降,品質為何下降?因為專利不再是為了追求有價值的新科技(第50行)(專利-X->創新)


至於A:a study suggesting that the semiconductor industry’s approach to patenting during the period from 1982 to 1992 yielded unanticipated results

我覺得"study"應該不會是問題所在,因為第8行就提到這個半導體業的研究
倒是"approach to patenting "讓我覺得有點疑惑...

取得專利耗費了多少R&D的投資,這可以視為approach嗎?
好吧,有人說砸大錢或花小錢也算是一種方法,勉強過關啦!

那專利品質的好壞應該就不是approach了吧?
防止訴訟或阻擋競爭對手是現今業者取得專利的目的,也非approach

文章中即使提到比較像approach的部分都篇幅有限,那選項A似乎就不是討論的重點所在了

基於上述理由,個人支持C,一點淺見,斟酌參考,歡迎討論,敬請賜教!