[問題]gwd-5-Q2 & Q19

[peitoujosh]

Q2:
Guidebook writer: I have visited hotels throughout the country and have noticed that in those built before 1930 the quality of the original carpentry work is generally superior to that in hotels built afterward. Clearly carpenters working on hotels before 1930 typically worked with more skill, care, and effort than carpenters who have worked on hotels built subsequently.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the guidebook writer’s argument?

A. The quality of original carpentry in hotels is generally far superior to the quality of original carpentry in other structures, such as houses and stores.
B. Hotels built since 1930 can generally accommodate more guests than those built before 1930.
C. The materials available to carpenters working before 1930 were not significantly different in quality from the materials available to carpenters working after 1930.
D. The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolished.
E. The average length of apprenticeship for carpenters has declined significantly since 1930.


請問這題的答案為何是D?我覺得D無關ㄟ....

Q19:
Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete. This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

A. The first supplies a context for the historian’s argument; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against the position the historian seeks to establish.
B. The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position.
C. The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish; the second is that position.
D. The first is a position for which the historian argues; the second is an assumption that serves as the basis of that argument.
E. The first is an assumption that the historian explicitly makes in arguing for a certain position; the second acknowledges a consideration that calls that assumption into question.

我選B,可是答案是C...
順便問問前輩們有無bold face的必殺技...

[micht]

Q2
當兩個東西在比較時
要weaken結論

D. The better the quality of original carpentry in a building, the less likely that building is to fall into disuse and be demolished.

兩者比較基礎不同

因為1930以前建的building quality差的話早就已經倒掉了 而不會留到現在
所以現在看到的1930以前建的building都是品質最好的

所以 quality level 不同 不可比

Q19

2nd bold face 是這整個passage的argument....

[peitoujosh]

抱歉~q19還是有些問題,第一段黑體字是說地方人口普查做的很完整,然後接著又說在不同的5年中,人口數量有下降的記錄,....(略過)....,最後的結論是人口沒下降.
所以這個人口普查做的不準啊(亦就是不完整的意思),明明人口沒下降還記錄有下降!!因此最後一句話的意思不就是weaken上面第一個黑體字嗎?第一個黑體字中也不支持人口沒下降這個論點啊！？請再指點．．．

[James]

根據第一段粗體字我會想選A,C，就是講了一段話，可是第二段會讓我想選B，因為我不大了解the second is the position在這邊的意思

[Jessy]

Q19:
Historian: In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete. This very completeness makes one point stand out; in five different years, villages overwhelmingly reported significant population declines. Tellingly, each of those five years immediately followed an increase in a certain Drindian tax. This tax, which was assessed on villages, was computed by the central government using the annual census figures. Obviously, whenever the tax went up, villages had an especially powerful economic incentive to minimize the number of people they recorded; and concealing the size of a village’s population from government census takers would have been easy. Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.
In the historian’s argument, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

第一句應該是個assumption
說明1600's後半期的人口普查作的粉完整(complete不等於correct)
基於這個人口普查完整的前提下,才會有後續這些拉拉雜雜的比較,
最後作成結論--> 人口數量未下降
我覺得後句並沒有against前句的成分
砍掉ABE

[micht]

peitoujosh,

In the Drindian Empire, censuses were conducted annually to determine the population of each village. Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete. This very completeness makes one point stand out

數據很完整 這是一個事實 我覺得不是假設
接著...用此事句推論過去.....有種現象是 當

tax increases=>reported population decreases 少報一點 稅少繳一點
conclusion: the reported declines did not happen. (其實人口下降並沒有發生)

其實evidence & assumption 有時候蠻像的 但比較起來 我覺得第一句比較像是一個fact

[davidlee0222]

第二提同意micht大大的解釋

19提
粗體提其實粉簡單
所有邏輯都只有三樣東西排列組合
就是"前提""結論"跟"假設"

前提(+假設)=結論
前提是使結論成立的條件
而前提若與結輪無法連貫則須補上未講出的假設
前提跟結論都是有講明的東西
而假設是沒被講出來但連接前提跟結論的東西

第一個粗體是事實前提
第二個粗體是結論

歷史學家說十七世紀後葉的村落普查特別完整(事實前提)
中間講了一個現象:只要要徵稅前,人口就會忽然降低
因此歷史學家下了個結論:人口並沒有減少
這個結論是用第一句粗體的事實作基礎
也就是第一句粗體的事實前提被拿來支持第二句粗體結論

C. The first provides a context for certain evidence that supports the position that the historian seeks to establish(第一個提供"支持歷史學家欲建立的立場"的某實證情境-就是支持結論的前提,沒錯) ; the second is that position. (第二個就是那個立場-也就是結論,對)

B. The first presents evidence to support the position that the historian seeks to establish(第一個提供證據來支持歷史學家想建立的立場-就是直持結論的事實前提,對); the second acknowledges a consideration that has been used to argue against that position. (第二個提出一個"被用來反對該立場"的想法-錯在"反對")

回應Jessy大大
assumption是沒有講出來的東西
有講出來的東西就不是假設

回應peitoujosh大大
普查準不準跟完不完整無關
完整但可以不準

[peitoujosh]

樓上的大大講的真讚!讓小弟茅塞頓開~~感謝了~!

[ustoday]

(2)
micht 大大的意思是不是說 因為quality 的品質不一樣 所以無法針對worker's skill 等方面作比較
可是D的選項答案 實在好間接喔

另外 想要請教 選項C 是不是可以作為assumption or supportion

[stilalala]

(2)
micht 大大的意思是不是說 因為quality 的品質不一樣 所以無法針對worker's skill 等方面作比較
可是D的選項答案 實在好間接喔

另外 想要請教 選項C 是不是可以作為assumption or supportion

c:應該是可以support,排除了是material 不同的他因
d:品質不好的都disuse了,就不存在了
所以看到的都是剩下來好的,當然就不客觀嚕

[giraffe]

(2)
micht 大大的意思是不是說 因為quality 的品質不一樣 所以無法針對worker's skill 等方面作比較
可是D的選項答案 實在好間接喔

另外 想要請教 選項C 是不是可以作為assumption or supportion

c:應該是可以support,排除了是material 不同的他因
d:品質不好的都disuse了,就不存在了
所以看到的都是剩下來好的,當然就不客觀嚕

第二題:

沒錯! 相對於其他答案(A/E無關,B/C support),D的確是最好的weaken的答案,雖然真的很間接

[hccill]

雖然樓上的davidlee0222大大講解的非常精闢,
但是我還是有一個地方不懂,
就是:
(在此引用davidlee0222大大的文章)
前提:歷史學家說十七世紀後葉的村落普查特別完整
中間:只要要徵稅前,人口就會忽然降低
結論:人口並沒有減少

所以, 既然普查是完整的, 也就是說所有人口都會被詳實記載, 另外人們為了逃漏稅, 人口會突然減少, 也就是說普查所記載的人口是減少的, 但實際上並沒有減少阿(如第二的BF所說)! 也就是說, 普查並不完整囉! 如果這樣, 不就有weaken的味道嗎?

我真的不太懂, 還請大大們解釋一下!

謝謝囉!

[nexxt0722]

個人淺見,斟酌參考一下吧

人口普查是每年調查一次的
這裡的完整應該是指1650~1699每年都有進行,而非指調查精確無誤

Village census records for the last half of the 1600’s are remarkably complete

[JohnTai]

有個小意見，調查的精不精闢好像不是那麼重要
原文中有：concealing the size of a village's population from government census takers would have been easy.
不是表示雖然普查是完整的調查完了，但是因為繳稅的關係，所以數據上的數目並不是正確的﹝因為census takers把數字縮水了﹞，因此才有結論是"the reported declines did not happen"

個人淺見，請多指教

[小花]

Therefore, it is reasonable to think that the reported declines did not happen.

從這幾個字 可輕易的發現這句話是結論