文章好像不太難
可是我看不懂而且三題全錯
有沒有人可以幫忙解說一下大意
感恩
Q25 to Q27:
A pressing need in the study of
organizations is for more research
into how an organization’s values (an
Line organization’s guiding principles and
(5) beliefs as perceived by its members)
affect managerial decision-making.
Traditional theories have been based
on a “rational model,” which focuses
on the decision-maker and either
(10) ignores the organizational value cli-
mate or conveniently assumes that the
organization’s values are consistent or
clearly prioritized. In reality, however,
decisions are shaped not only by a
(15) manager’s own values, but also by
those of the corporate culture and of
organizational superiors. A recent
study found that managers’ most
stressful decisions involved “value
(20) contention” (conflicts among any of
these sets of values).
我不懂這個value contention的意思,所以整篇文章都似懂非懂..
Furthermore, different types of organizational value
systems were associated with differ-
ent frequencies of contending values
(25) as well as with different types of man-
agerial response. Explicit corporate
values, for example, produced a
greater percentage of decisions that
were stressful due to value conten-
(30) tion. Hidden values (those that an
organization practices but does not
acknowledge or which a superior
furtively pursues in opposition to the
values of the organization) produced
(35) a lower level of value contention.
Although explicit values created
more value contention, they were
nonetheless more likely to produce
flexible, well-reasoned decisions.
(40) Conversely, managers perplexed by
hidden values reported feeling unable
to identify an appropriate range of
options.
Q25:
The passage suggests that which of the following has resulted from the influence of the rational model (line 8) ?
A. It has deflected researchers’ attention from a critical factor affecting managerial decision-making.
B. It has focused decision-making procedures on managers’ presumed ability to prioritize key corporate values.
這個選項是什麼意思啊?
是說managers會把公司的價值放在優先考慮嗎?
所以這是跟rational model相反的囉?
C. It has diverted attention from the need for orientation of nonsupervisory employees to organizational values.
D. It has hampered communication between academic researchers and mangers of organizations.
E. It has produced theories that are practicable for analyzing decision-making processes only in relatively large organizations.
Answer: A
----------------------------------------------------
Q26:
The passage identifies which of the following as a way in which hidden corporate values affect managerial decision-making?
A. They tend to discourage consultation with organizational subordinates and superiors.
B. They tend to undermine managers’ confidence in their own ability to determine the available alternatives.
C. They tend to produce a heightened degree of value contention.
D. They tend to produce a heightened degree of conflict among different levels of the organizational structure.
E. They tend to cause greater anxiety among managers than do explicit corporate values.
Answer: B 這是從哪一行看出來的啊?------------------------------------------------------------
Q27:
According to the passage, value contention has been shown to affect managers by
A. decreasing their ability to conform to the values of the organization
B. decreasing their ability to discern clearly the guiding principles and beliefs of the organization
C. narrowing their range of options in the decision-making process
D. increasing the frequency and intensity of conflicts with superiors and subordinates
E. increasing the level of mental or emotional strain that accompanies the decision-making process
Answer: E
這題又是從哪裡看出來的呢?
我選C耶,因為最後一句說hidden value會找不到range,所以value contention 可以幫忙縮小range...
