[問題]OG 172 (10th)

[panda]

172. There is a great deal of geographical variation(地理城鄉差距) in the frequency of many surgical procedures—up to tenfold variation per hundred thousand between different areas in the numbers of hysterectomies(子宮切除術), prostatectomies(攝護腺切除術), and tonsillectomies.(扁桃腺切除術)

To support a conclusion that much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures, it would be most important to establish which of the following?

(A) A local board of review at each hospital examines the records of every operation to determine whether the surgical procedure was necessary.

(B) The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered.

(C) There are several categories of surgical procedure (other than hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies) that are often performed unnecessarily.

(D) For certain surgical procedures, it is difficult to determine after the operation whether the procedures were necessary or whether alternative treatment would have succeeded.

(E) With respect to how often they are performed unnecessarily, hysterectomies, prostatectomies, and tonsillectomies are representative of surgical procedures in general.

Ans:(B)， 答案大概是說，地理差異與會造成疾病需要動手術的因素關 ，除了手術因素本身以外，意思是差異性跟手術是有關連的
(翻譯的不好，抱歉)

這一題的答案跟問題我完全連不起來，請教各位了，謝謝

[michelle610]

題目是要問支持結論是要建立在何者之上
結論是説much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures---許多變異是因為不必要的手術

所以要支持這個結論 就必須說其他的因素與差異是無關的 除了手術之外 故選B

這一題其實就在考結論的假設為何!!!

個人意見 若以錯請指教 多謝

[panda]

瞭解了，謝謝您的解說

[kaori110]

請問B要怎麼解釋呢

[Austing]

結論:
much of the variation is due to unnecessary surgical procedures
差異是由不必要的外科手術造成的

The variation is unrelated to factors (other than the surgical procedures themselves) that influence the incidence of diseases for which surgery might be considered.
差異與其他因素無關
差異與影響是否必須考慮動手術的疾病因素無關(手術過程之外的)

[dibert8]

原來是問assumption, 可見(A)是來騙人的.

[hwatai]

在(E)上打轉了很久

因為assumption題有其中一種解題方法為『肯定Survey的有效性(被調查的對象具有代表性等...)』

不過這題並沒有generalization，也就是沒有要把這三種病的variation擴大等同於整體的variation之上，所以E成為了無關選項...