GWD9-40

[liwuu]

Q40:
Agricultural societies cannot exist without staple crops. Several food plants, such as kola and okra, are known to have been domesticated in western Africa, but they are all supplemental, not staple, foods. All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere, beginning, at some unknown date, with rice and yams.
Therefore, discovering when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. People in western Africa did not develop staple crops that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduced.
B. There are no plants native to western Africa that, if domesticated, could serve as staple food crops.
C. Rice and yams were grown as staple crops by the earliest agricultural societies outside of western Africa.
D. Kola and okra are better suited to growing conditions in western Africa than domesticated rice and yams are.
E. Kola and okra were domesticated in western Africa before rice and yams were introduced there.

答案是A...我選B,可不可以幫我翻譯一下A的意思?!
唉...真的是每一個字拆開都知道意思,放在一起霧煞煞!!

[Behemoth]

西非人再米跟地瓜引進前並沒有發展其他的主食,而這主食是一引進米跟地瓜後就不種了的

[pcl12]

答案A經過翻譯後蠻合理的,但B為什麼不對呢? 是否B只是在重述這句All the recorded staple crops grown in western Africa were introduced from elsewhere呢?
而句中結論部份的'earliest'需要A來驗證,驗證在rice. yam之前是否有staples,且這staples是當地本來(引進之前)種植的
有時候重述跟assumption實在很難分清楚耶....

[Calvin]

B看似答案，其實是跟原文結論八竿子撘不上邊的

結論是跟「時間」有關係，B選項只說明該地沒有可以成為STAPLE FOOD CROPS的本地作物，跟「一旦確認YAMs AND RICE引進的時間即可得知該地農業社會發展的起點」這個結論是一點關係也沒有的

換個方式，把B「取非」： There are plants native to ....could serve as staple food crops. 當作前提套回原文推論，是無法得出原文結論的。

因為該地不排除在引進yams and rice之前就己經由外地引進亦可成為staple food crops的農作物, such as wheat, omeat.....等，所以就算知道yams and rice引進的時間點也不能就推定就是該地的農業發展起點

" all the recorded " is a key phrase. 「記錄上」不代表之前就沒有，只有A排除了這個可能性

FYI

[davidlee0222]

丟啦!
丟喜安呢啦!
B跟第一句話就牴觸了
不可能沒有主食
只是可能引進米跟憨吉之前就有主食
不能直接由那兩種作物引進的時間
就直接說主食就是在那時引進的

[SELVICHY]

[quote="Behemoth"]西非人再米跟地瓜引進前並沒有發展其他的主食,而這主食是一引進米跟地瓜後就不種了的[/quote]
--------------------------------------------------
翻譯錯誤.
正確應該為
"西非人在米跟地瓜引進,停止耕種前並沒有發展其它主食"

[FannyHsieh]

換個方式，把B「取非」： There are plants native to ....could serve as staple food crops. 當作前提套回原文推論，是無法得出原文結論的。

因為該地不排除在引進yams and rice之前就己經由外地引進亦可成為staple food crops的農作物, such as wheat, omeat.....等，所以就算知道yams and rice引進的時間點也不能就推定就是該地的農業發展起點

另外，把B取非的話反而與文章中第三句的事實抵觸了喔～

[Ace]

回應上面的大大
取非法的精神應該是取非和事實牴觸的答案為正確吧??
這樣邏輯上才會來個負負得正阿

取非的精神應在於取非後的選項可以否決原命題

B取非後,說有有native plant但不足以否定是否可以用rice來date

A取非後,告訴我們在r引進前已經develop staple crops
所以明顯否決原命題Therefore, discovering when rice and yams were introduced into western Africa would establish the earliest date at which agricultural societies could have arisen there

[hcgh]

B. There are no plants native to western Africa that, if domesticated, could serve as staple food crops.
其實B就錯在are身上
現在的情況根本影響不了過去

[spiritostar]

我覺得(A)的翻譯還滿拗口的 XDD
CD上有某位大大翻得還不錯的
請大家參考看看

"that they stopped cultivating once rice and yams were introduce"在此做staple crops的补语, 整句意思是说 西非并未发展出因为rice & yam 引进而停止耕种的主食, 意思也就是说之前西非并未有主食

[mandy-lo]

這題想了很久，已經清楚answer-A的理由，但
想請問一下將Ｂ選取非後是不是以下這個意思
Ｂ表示：這裡沒有生於西非的植物可被當作主要食物的農作物
→將Ｂ選取非：有native 西非的主食農作物

是不是說：既然有native 西非的主食農作物就不必有引進米與地瓜的事
也就不必由米與地瓜的引進的時間推知農業發展的起源，

而文章第一句表示農業社會不能在沒有主要的農作物下生存，
既然我有native 西非的主食農作物表示我有農業社會
那我還需要米與地瓜的引進來推知農業發展的起源嗎？
而且既然我有主食農作物我還需要米與地瓜嗎？

真害！ 現在腦袋開始打結…開始語無倫次了
希望各位大大幫忙解惑…...

[kotokolin]

樓上的大大....你的說法看起來好複雜...@@

別忘記我們在找assumption, 也就是要使得文章推論成立呀....
取非的時候就直接顛倒看

文章題到: 農業時代要有主食->米和番薯的引進確立農業社會

所以非B: "有"西非本地的農作物可當主食
再在能不能使看原文結論否定: 米和番薯引進的時間點 "不能" 推定該地的農業發展起點
這樣好像沒什麼關係吧~很難去把原來的結論變成否定的...
重點不是本地產或是引進的~重點是什麼時候"開始"有主食，農業社會才開始

可是非A:
西非人在米跟地瓜引進,停止耕種前"有"發展其它主食
再在能不能使看原文結論否定: 米和番薯引進的時間點 "不能" 推定該地的農業發展起點
沒錯! 因為本來就已經有主食了，就算知道米和番薯引進的時間點，也無法推論農業發展的起點