Well not much to say, but hey I guess there always next year right lol! Since no one posts anything useful here, and ppl all just read & dont write I will post this up partially, until someone asks for it loh!
Hey at least you get it before the ppl at CD & they a lot better at responding. Makes me wonder whether its a difference in cultural or class level.
There is a lot of new CR's and even the JJs are with new format + Answers to chose from. My suggestions is to read as much as you can before. Same for CR, sum of which is even painful for me. SC well read the JJs, should be enough!
Last words...now I know even full score for Verbal is not enough >.<''' math smells!!!
Apogeee- AWA
2. The following appeared in a memorandum from the business department of the Apogee Company.
“When the Apogee Company had all its operations in one location, it was more profitable than it is today. Therefore, the Apogee Company should close down its field offices and conduct all its operations from a single location. Such centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and helping the company maintain better supervision of all employees.”
下面摘自APogee公司的商务部门的备忘录：
当Apogee将它所有的业务部门集中在一处时，它将有比现在更多的利润。因此，Apogee应该关闭它的驻外办公室并从单一场所管理它的所有部门。这样的话，集中会通过削减成本提高利润，并帮助公司更好地对所有员工进行监督。
In this argument the author concludes that the Apogee Company should close down field offices and conduct all its operations from a single, centralized location because the company had been more profitable in the past when all its operations were in one location. For a couple of reasons, this argument is not very convincing.
First, the author assumes that centralization would improve profitability by cutting costs and streamlining supervision of employees. This assumption is never supported with any data or projections. Moreover, the assumption fails to take into account cost increases and inefficiency that could result from centralization. For instance, company representatives would have to travel to do business in areas formerly served by a field office, creating travel costs and loss of critical time. In short, this assumption must be supported with a thorough cost-benefit analysis of centralization versus other possible cost-cutting and/or profit-enhancing strategies.
Second, the only reason offered by the author is the claim that Apogee was more profitable when it had operated from a single, centralized location. But is centralization the only difference relevant to greater past profitability? It is entirely possible that management has become lax regarding any number of factors that can affect the bottom line such as inferior products, careless product pricing, inefficient production, poor employee expense account monitoring, ineffective advertising, sloppy 肥大的buying policies and other wasteful spending. Unless the author can rule out other factors relevant to diminishing profits, this argument commits the fallacy of assuming that just because one event (decreasing profits) follows another (decentralization), the second event has been caused by the first.
In conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen the conclusion that Apogee should close field offices and centralize, this author must provide a thorough cost-benefit analysis of available alternatives and rule out factors other than decentralization that might be affecting current profits negatively.
Advertising- AWI (not my essay!)
32. “You can tell the ideas of a nation by its advertisements.”
“你可以从一个国家的广告辨别出它的思想。”
In order to determine whether advertisements reflect a nation’s ideas, it is necessary to determine whether advertisements present real ideas at all, and, if so, whose ideas they actually reflect. On both counts, it appears that advertisements fail to accurately mirror a nation’s ideas.
Indisputably, advertisements inform us as to a nation’s values, attitudes, and priorities—what activities are worthwhile, what the future holds, and what is fashionable and attractive. For instance, a proliferation of ads for sport-utility vehicles reflects a societal concern more for safety and machismo than for energy conservation and frugality, while a plethora of ads for inexpensive on-line brokerage services reflects an optimistic and perhaps irrationally exuberant economic outlook. However, a mere picture of a social more, outlook, or fashion is not an “idea”—it does not answer questions such as “why” and “how”?
Admittedly, public-interest advertisements do present ideas held by particular segments of society—for example, those of environmental and other public-health interest groups. However, these ads constitute a negligible percentage of all advertisements, and they do not necessarily reflect the majority’s view. Consequently, to assert that advertisements reflect a nation’s ideas distorts reality. In truth, they mirror only the business and product ideas of companies whose goods and services are advertised and the creative ideas of advertising firms. Moreover, advertisements look very much the same in all countries. Western and Eastern alike. Does this suggest that all nations have essentially identical ideas? Certainly not.
In sum, the few true ideas we might see in advertisements are those of only a few business concerns and interest groups; they tell us little about the ideas of a nation as a whole.
Critical Reasoning
Meat(Weaken): When meat is irradiated
treatment.
(What would weaken the following statement if true?)
A. it is clear that killing bacteria that may be present on meat is not the only effect that irradiation has
B. The cooking process produce similar types of agents as radiation and is carcinogenic when consumed
Mesh (Support): The presence of window meshes is common and widely used in the
Europe.
(Which of the following would support the company’s prediction?)
1) Many Europeans have been to US and seen window meshes
2) A similar company in Europe that specializes in windows & meshes were not successful in sales of the window mesh (approx)
3) Finlay has several contracts with European building companies to supply windows
4) Finaly has a long-term reputation and been in the business for over 50 years
Mars (Fill in): It is theoretically possible that bacteria developed on Mars early in its history and that some were carried to Earth by a meteorite. However, strains of bacteria from different planets would probably have substantial differences in protein structure that would persist over time, and no two bacterial strains on Earth are different enough to have arisen on different planets. So______________________________________________.
(What would be the best option to complete the passage?)
A.
Salmon (Assumption): Salmon
spawn.
(Which assumption is the argument based on?)
Salmons would be more numerous in the rivers that is blocked by a larger Dam
Ship Endeavour (Must be true): Ship endeavour was sunk in area uncharted area during a storm >>>>> However, depth gauging of the area during calm weather indicates that ‘Endeavour’ should have pass through that area easily. (in GWD/OG)
(It must be true for the following to cause the ship to sunk?)
During the
Biovents (Evaluation): What is necessary to evaluate the argument) Scientists
building block to proteins and other larger functional molecules.
(What would be essential to evaluate the passage?)
Whether
life
Chip radiation (Must be true except):
Electronic computer chips made of tiny silicon wafers now regularly contain millions of electronic switches. Unfortunately, electronic switches that are this small cannot withstand intense radiation. Micro-Mechanics plans to produce a chip that, because it uses only microscopic mechanical switches, will be invulnerable to radiation damage. The switches will, however, be slower than electronic switches and the chip will contain only 12,000 switches.
For there to be a market for Micro-Mechanics’ chip as a result of the apparent advantage described above, each of the following would have to be true EXCEPT:
A. There will be applications in which the speed attainable by an electronic switch is not essential. 因为新的芯片速度会减少。
B. Switches used on electronic chips that contain only 12,000 switches are more vulnerable to radiation damage than the switches on Micro-Mechanics’ chip will be. 旧的芯片肯定比新的要脆弱。不管有多少Switches。受不了辐射的刺激的前提是太小了。
C. There will be applications for computer chips in environments where the chips may have to survive intense radiation. 如果受强烈辐射会不会存活无所谓的话，那么这个改进也没有必要了
D. Some devices in which computer chips will be used will have other components that will be able to function during or after exposure to radiation. D means other parts will still have to be functional, post radiation exposure, besides the chip. It is a valid assumption because if the chip is the only functional part after the radiation, then it'll be useless anyway.
E. Manufacturers are able to protect electronic computer chips against exposure to intense radiation, where this protection is necessary.
Oil of developing nations: (assumptions) Current developing nations are using oils at an increasing trend. However, currently there is no increase in the oil production & development in the world >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Hence, there will be a oil shortage going forward. (In GWD/OG)
(What is the assumption that this passage is based on?)
1) It takes more then five years to find new sources
2) That within five years the accumulative oil consumption of developed countries would not dramatically decrease compared to current usages
3) Current sources & production is sufficient to supply the needs of both developing & developed countries.
4) That developing countries currently produce sufficient oil for its own consumption.
Rome 18 (Assumption): Seige engines that is recovered from surrounds of Jerusalem
(What is the assumption based on?) Answer unsure ><!
1) Romans always build their siege engines from the materials that is easily obtained in areas nearby.
2) That the mastitia trees used for siege engines have the same.. qualities as .. in the past (bits missing).
3) The mastitia trees and its species flourishes in many areas other then the current area outside Jerusalem
Prescription (Evaluate): It is illegal to advertise prescription medications in Hedland except in professional medical journals or by mail directly to physicians. A proposed law would allow general advertising of prescription medications. Opponents object that, in general, laypersons lack the specialized knowledge to evaluate such advertisements and might ask their physicians for inappropriate medications. But since physicians have the final say as to whether to prescribe a medication for a patient, the objection provides no grounds for concern.
(Which of the following would it be most useful to establish in order to evaluate the argument?)
A. Whether nonprescription medications can interact with and block the action of any prescription medications that could be advertised to the general public
B. Whether most prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would be advertisements for recently developed medications newly available by prescription
C. Whether prescription medication advertisements directed at the general public would appear on television and radio as well as in print
D. Whether physicians are more likely to pay attention to advertising directed to the general public than to advertising directed to physicians
E. That doctors would not be easily pressured in providing prescriptive medicine that would be detrimental to the public
Reading Comprehension
Venus, Head & Break, however Balkius (3Q’s) 星球版块构造
Until the Magellen in the 1900 there are many theories concerning the formation of the ……a large land mass that is projected from the surface of the planet. Theories are that the plateau is similar to the land formation on Earth. Head & B…….. theory is that the formation is from the spreading of the tetonic plates from the epicenter, similar to some of the vocanic areas on Earth.>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>………………
However, Balkieus disagree, in his assumption it could be from other factors. He propose it is the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> precinct areas that are the movement >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>hence rather then tetonic plates moving it is actually the thin crust that moves above the plastic mantle underneath
Haiwaii- Maui Temple & dating Uranium & Orthonium-230 (3Q’s) 夏威夷发展的测定
Blah blah blah, although it has always been thought that a rapid sociopolitical changes occurred in a period under 250 years between C14 & C15. As accord to oral histories that is preserved and handed down. However, the inadequacies of dating stood in the way and there is no certainty to prove the oral history correct.
Recent improvement in technology has made such predictions possible. It has been discovered that the uranium-230 that is absorbed by the coral branches and its corresponding decay to othorium-230 provides an accurate method for gauging the actual dates. The coral branches are used on the temple pillars for decoration and ornaments. The temple is used a centre for communication and trade, to control the production and collection of surplus foods. It is also the centre for political and social control, allowing organization and structure. Hence it is quite possible that all these rudiments of a sociopolitical construct may serve in one generation. If so, then the oral histories are correct, and significant sociopolitical changes occurred under the leadership of King Maui in one single generation.
Bethusia as political leader (4Q’s) 黑人妇女社会改革者
Although Mrs blah blah blah Bethusia participated in many roles that
would label her as a political activist today. On top of being involved in a educational institute which later became the first school of that time. She also was in every aspect of community, social clubs, and government functions. However, since she was not officially appointed or hold any titles. Political historians and politicians of that time did not view her as social reformer. Because of the traditional concept “spoke MAN” a female did not fit into that description. As political activist should be part of an election process, with party affiliation etc. Even though she help found an institute which later became a sound University, participate
However, with the rise of feminism and female studies into the concept of political activists, there has been a redefinition of the term ‘politicians’. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>>>>>
Hence nowadays, with any changes to the current regime will classify as a political act & recognize as a politician. Even females that works in the local communities and volunteering services. Because females challenge the current status quo and brought about empowerment to the people through making them aware of the issues at hand and so bring changes to the society.
Ｑ１ 作者成立过政党，但。因为不好定位。 (I agree)
Ｑ２
Ｑ３
National clubs and organizations
Communities and local groups
She is not involved in any laws
Q 4
GDP 1977 and journalists errors (5Q’s)
E、GDP增长
Citing the fact that the real gross
domestic product (GDP) per capita was
higher in 1997 than ever before, some
Line journalists have argued that the United
(5) States economy performed ideally in
1997. However, the real GDP is almost
always higher than ever before; it falls
only during recessions. One point
these journalists overlooked is that in
(10) 1997, as in the twenty-four years imme-
diately preceding it, the real GDP per
capita grew nearly one-half percent a
year more slowly than it had on aver-
age between 1873 and 1973. Were the
(15) 1997 economy as robust as claimed,
the growth rate of real GDP per capita
in 1997 would have surpassed the
average growth rate of real GDP per
capita between 1873 and 1973 because
(20) over fifty percent of the population
worked for wages in 1997 whereas
only forty percent worked for wages
between 1873 and 1973. If the growth
rate of labor productivity (output per
(25) hour of goods and services) in 1997
had equaled its average growth rate
between 1873 and 1973 of more than
two percent, then, given the proportion-
ately larger workforce that existed in
(30) 1997, real GDP per capita in 1997 would
have been higher than it actually was,
since output is a major factor in GDP.
However, because labor productivity
grew by only one percent in 1997, real
(35) GDP per capita grew more slowly in
1997 than it had on average between
1873 and 1973.
題目
有一題問此篇主旨,
有一題問journalists的idea是什麼
Q35:
The passage is primarily concerned with
A. comparing various measures used to assess the performance of the United States economy in 1997
B. providing evidence that the performance of the United States economy in 1997 was similar to its performance between 1873 and 1973
C. evaluating an argument concerning the performance of the United States economy in1997
D. examining the consequences of a popular misconception about the performance of the United States economy in 1997
E. supporting an assertion made by journalists about the performance of the United States economy in 1997
Answer: C
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Q36:
According to the passage, which of the following is true of the average rate at which real GDP per capita grew in the twenty-four years immediately before 1997?
A. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 because only forty percent of the population worked for wages between 1873 and 1973.
B. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 because labor productivity grew less between 1973 and 1997 than it had between 1873 and 1973.
C. It was less than it had been between 1873 and 1973 as a result of an increase in the percentage of the population earning wages during these years.
D. It was less than the average rate at which real GDP per capita grew between 1873 and 1973.
E. It was less than the rate at which real GDP per capita grew in 1997.
Answer: D
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Q37:
It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is the reason that the author faults the journalists referred to in line 4?
A. They believe that the real GDP per capita in 1997 was higher than the real GDP per capita had ever been before.
B. They argue that the rate at which real GDP per capita grew in 1997 was faster than the average rate at which it had grown between 1873 and 1973.
C. They overestimate the effect of labor productivity on the real GDP per capita in 1997.
D. They overestimate the amount by which real GDP per capita in 1997 surpassed real GDP per capita in earlier years.
E. They fail to consider the real GDP per capita in 1997 within an appropriate historical context.
Answer: E
hey, it's not the end of the world, however much when it comes to exams. Stay cool! Thank you so much for your contributions. Mine is end of this mth.
