GWD 17-36

[SELVICHY]

Q35 to Q37:
(This passage was excerpted from material
published in 1996.)

When a large body strikes a planet
or moon, material is ejected, thereby
creating a hole in the planet and a local
Line deficit of mass. This deficit shows up
(5) as a gravity anomaly: the removal of
the material that has been ejected to
make the hole results in an area of
slightly lower gravity than surrounding
areas. One would therefore expect that
(10) all of the large multi-ring impact basins
on the surface of Earth’s Moon would
show such negative gravity anomalies,
since they are, essentially, large holes
in the lunar surface. Yet data collected
(15) in 1994 by the Clementine spacecraft
show that many of these lunar basins
have no anomalously low gravity and
some even have anomalously high
gravity. Scientists speculate that early
(20) in lunar history, when large impactors
struck the Moon’s surface, causing
millions of cubic kilometers of crustal
debris to be ejected, denser material
from the Moon’s mantle rose up
(25) beneath the impactors almost imme-
diately, compensating for the ejected
material and thus leaving no low gravity
anomaly in the resulting basin. Later,
however, as the Moon grew cooler
(30) and less elastic, rebound from large
impactors would have been only partial
and incomplete. Thus today such
gravitational compensation probably
would not occur: the outer layer of
the Moon is too cold and stiff.
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Q36:
The passage suggests that if the scientists mentioned in line 19 are correct in their speculations, the large multi-ring impact basins on the Moon with the most significant negative gravity anomalies probably

A. were not formed early in the Moon’s history
B. were not formed by the massive ejection of crustal debris
C. are closely surrounded by other impact basins with anomalously low gravity
D. were created by the impact of multiple large impactors
E. were formed when the Moon was relatively elastic


這題答案寫A,我選E.
我認為答案A是錯的,
因為那些科學家的論點是在早期月球表上尚未堅硬,還很有彈性的時候,才會造成負重力的坑洞,
選項A剛好與這個論點相反,描述這樣的坑洞並非發生在早期.
選項E才是對的,其描述這些負重力坑洞的確是在月球表面很有彈性,尚未硬化的時候造成的.
請參考19行開始的描述以及文章末段最後兩句話.

[hjp1077]

同意 我也是認為是E

[wanderlust]

題目裡的 negative gravity anomalies 指的是lower gravity 吧

參考下列文章
One would therefore expect that
(10) all of the large multi-ring impact basins
on the surface of Earth’s Moon would
show such negative gravity anomalies,
since they are, essentially, large holes
in the lunar surface.

所以會有這樣結果的就不是在early in the Moon's history
而是當月球表面失去彈性的時候

給兩位參考一下

[SELVICHY]

題目裡的 negative gravity anomalies 指的是lower gravity 吧

參考下列文章
One would therefore expect that
(10) all of the large multi-ring impact basins
on the surface of Earth’s Moon would
show such negative gravity anomalies,
since they are, essentially, large holes
in the lunar surface.

所以會有這樣結果的就不是在early in the Moon's history
而是當月球表面失去彈性的時候

給兩位參考一下

童鞋:
題目是說"如果科學家的看法正確..."喔!
你看錯文章片段了吧.

[ariesmilla]

我覺得A沒錯阿...

when large impactors
struck the Moon’s surface, causing
millions of cubic kilometers of crustal
debris to be ejected, denser material
from the Moon’s mantle rose up
(25) beneath the impactors almost imme-
diately, compensating for the ejected
material and thus leaving no low gravity
anomaly in the resulting basin
這一段是科學家的假設:因為月球的表面有彈性，所以隕石的撞擊並不會造成他的anomaly negative gravity,因為納些表面上被撞擊起來的東西會立刻被填滿

Later, however, as the Moon grew cooler
(30) and less elastic, rebound from large
impactors would have been only partial
and incomplete.
所以而當表面開始老化的時候，也就是失去彈性，撞擊才有可能產生大洞，
所以是A，請指教...

[stilalala]

我覺得A沒錯阿...

when large impactors
struck the Moon’s surface, causing
millions of cubic kilometers of crustal
debris to be ejected, denser material
from the Moon’s mantle rose up
(25) beneath the impactors almost imme-
diately, compensating for the ejected
material and thus leaving no low gravity
anomaly in the resulting basin
這一段是科學家的假設:因為月球的表面有彈性，所以隕石的撞擊並不會造成他的anomaly negative gravity,因為納些表面上被撞擊起來的東西會立刻被填滿

Later, however, as the Moon grew cooler
(30) and less elastic, rebound from large
impactors would have been only partial
and incomplete.
所以而當表面開始老化的時候，也就是失去彈性，撞擊才有可能產生大洞，
所以是A，請指教...

同意a
如果她們的看法是對的
早期anamoly是不會發生的

現在會有anamoly
是因為coole, less elastic

[nexxt0722]

支持A,理由同ariesmilla,stilalala所言
耐心咀嚼一下文章,應可看出其中意涵!

[shoulo]

我也同意A,negative有反向的意思...

[fsab00037748]

從CD看到本篇為11月 RC JJ, 把題目補完一下

Q35:
According to the passage, the gravitational compensation referred to in line 33 is caused by which of the following?

A.A deficit of mass resulting from the creation of a hole in the lunar surface

B.The presence of material from the impactor in the debris created by its impact

C.The gradual cooling and stiffening of the Moon’s outer layer

D.The ejection of massive amounts of debris from the Moon’s crust

E.The rapid upwelling of material from the lunar mantle

Answer: E
----------------------------------------
Q37:
Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?

A.An anomalous finding is cited, the data used to support that finding are analyzed, and the finding is modified.

B.A theory about a phenomenon is introduced, data seeming to disprove that theory are analyzed, and the theory is rejected.

C.A phenomenon is described, a finding relating to the phenomenon is discussed, and a possible explanation for that finding is offered.

D.A debate among scientists regarding the explanation for a particular phenomenon is outlined, and one position in that debate is shown to be more persuasive.

E.The observation of an astronomical event is described, and two schools of thought about the explanation for that event are discussed.

Answer: C

[chris8888]

支持A, 不過有誰可以解釋一下, leaving no low gravity anomaly , 這個 no low gravity到底藥怎樣去理解?
沒有留下任何的不規則就好了, 為何多講到 low gravity, 難道還要再強調一次 低重力? no idea!!

我知道了, 沒看完文章就要答題, 所以不知道他在講low gravity在幹嘛, 事實上前面已經提到low gravity的狀況是怎樣發生的.

[dibert8]

Q36:
The passage suggests that if the scientists mentioned in line 19 are correct in their speculations, the large multi-ring impact basins on the Moon with the most significant negative gravity anomalies probably
A. were not formed early in the Moon’s history

[小花]

When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a hole in the planet and a local

Line deficit of mass. This deficit shows up as a gravity anomaly: the removal of the material that has been ejected to

make the hole results in an area of slightly lower gravity than surrounding areas.

大天體撞擊星球或者月亮，物質就會被噴射出來，從而產生一個大洞和質量不足。質量不足反映為重力場的不規則：導致大洞的重力低於周圍的地區

One would therefore expect that all of the large multi-ring impact basins on the surface of Earth』s Moon would

show such negative gravity anomalies, since they are, essentially, large holes in the lunar surface.

因此，人們推測月亮上的環形山show負的重力不規則，即重力比周圍小

Yet data collected in 1994 by the Clementine spacecraft show that many of these lunar basins have no anomalously low gravity and some even have anomalously high gravity. Scientists speculate that early in lunar history, when large impactors struck the Moon』s surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the Moon』s mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected

material and thus leaving no low gravity anomaly in the resulting basin.

但是，數據顯示月球上的盆地沒有負重力不規則，部分地區還有high gravity高重力。科學家猜測，在月球早期，當大星體撞擊月球表面，導致地殼碎片被噴射出去，物質從月球地幔層上升並denser，compensating補償了噴射出去的物質，從而沒有造成負重力不規則。


Later, however, as the Moon grew cooler and less elastic, rebound from large impactors would have been only partial and incomplete. Thus today such gravitational compensation probably would not occur: the outer layer of

the Moon is too cold and stiff.

然而，後來，月球變冷，不再有彈性...因此，今天 重力的補償不可能再出現了。

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Q35:

According to the passage, the gravitational compensation referred to in line 33 is caused by which of the following?


A deficit of mass resulting from the creation of a hole in the lunar surface
The presence of material from the impactor in the debris created by its impact
The gradual cooling and stiffening of the Moon』s outer layer
The ejection of massive amounts of debris from the Moon』s crust
The rapid upwelling of material from the lunar mantle
答案E upwelling對應rose up。有些人說D正確，注意ETS習慣用分詞compensating表示因果關係，對應題目中的caused by（很多語法和閱讀題都是這個考點）。排除D，是因為重力補償是因為地幔的上升才會有補償，而如果地幔不上升，僅僅是有星球撞擊月球並噴射出碎片，是不一定能造成重力補償的。

when large impactors struck the Moon』s surface, causing millions of cubic kilometers of crustal debris to be ejected, denser material from the Moon』s mantle rose up beneath the impactors almost immediately, compensating for the ejected

material and thus leaving no low gravity anomaly in the resulting basin.

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Q36:

The passage suggests that if the scientists mentioned in line 19 are correct in their speculations, the large multi-ring impact basins on the Moon with the most significant negative gravity anomalies probably


were not formed early in the Moon』s history
were not formed by the massive ejection of crustal debris
are closely surrounded by other impact basins with anomalously low gravity
were created by the impact of multiple large impactors
were formed when the Moon was relatively elastic
答案A。 注意20行early in lunar history和32行的today，文末說如果今天，月球變冷不再有彈性，就不會產生重力補償（是負重力不規則的取反），因此肯定不會發生在早期。

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Q37:

Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?


An anomalous finding is cited, the data used to support that finding are analyzed, and the finding is modified.
A theory about a phenomenon is introduced, data seeming to disprove that theory are analyzed, and the theory is rejected.
A phenomenon is described, a finding relating to the phenomenon is discussed, and a possible explanation for that finding is offered.
A debate among scientists regarding the explanation for a particular phenomenon is outlined, and one position in that debate is shown to be more persuasive.
The observation of an astronomical event is described, and two schools of thought about the explanation for that event are discussed.
答案C 。 先描述一個現象（負重力不規則），一個finding關於月球表明的正重力不規則，一個可能的解釋（地幔上升的重力補償）