[轉貼]現在分詞伴隨狀語的正反向考法

[davidlee0222]

感謝Behemoth大大的鼓勵
能與您討論是小弟的榮幸

[agk99]

主要子句內容為主要結構
分辭子句補述是次要結構
就是因為有主從關係
所以才不是向對等連接詞and帯出的”兩個獨立的動作”
而259題也就是因為分詞句法造成前後子句有主從關係
加上因果關係辭bringing
才使分辭補述內容呈現因果關係

你說的就是我想問的，這題的因果關係，是bringing造成的？
而不是bring的分詞結構造成的？

可以再確認一下嗎

[davidlee0222]

沒錯
此因果關係依歐雞解釋
是直到最後因為bringing這個因果關係單字才造成的
分詞本身無因果關係功能
解答第一行也講分詞僅有帯出同時功能

本題與第一頁新東方的第三個個例句
making造成因果
原理相同
都是因為因果單字而不是分詞句法

[bugubugu]

千萬別說看句意喔，因為在我最早看來，離開和回來是兩個獨立動作，一直是莫老師和OG的解答，我才搞懂的

可是這題的確可用句意解耶...
因為若是用and brought
後面那句會還原成Five fledgling sea eagles brought to 34 the number of wild
birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.
中文翻就是5隻老鷹帶來(或造成)野鳥成功養大...
但句意是說...
5隻老鷹離開這個動作帶來(或造成)野鳥成功養大...
所以要用分詞...
有一題GWD10-Q20也是考這觀念...
http://www.formosamba.com/phpBB3/viewtopi ... light=BIRD

[davidlee0222]

這提用句意解不出來
是要用結構來解-分辭從屬結構
但是要先知道句意

句意是要把兩動作連貫成因果
若用and會使兩動作無關
用分辭結構才能使後面句子變成補述狀態連接
因而符合句意需求

這提要先知道句意要蛇麼
再用結構解才解的出來
用and也會有"造成"或"帶來"的意思
是因為有bring那個字
但是and會使前後兩句無關
要用分辭結構才能形成從屬關係
完成前後連接

[josephcfan]

Sorry!小弟大膽請問一下超級大牛 davidlee
OGversion 10 #4 解釋中提到:E also express the cause-and-effect realationship between the return of warmer weather and the rotting of the fruit. 請問這樣一來是不是表示了 ETS亦認為 "and"亦能表示因果關係啊 .

[michelle610]

4. The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns.
(A)to process them quickly into juice concentrate before they rot when warmer weather returns

(B)if they are quickly processed into juice concen¬trate before warmer weather returns to rot them

(C)for them to be processed quickly into juice concentrate before the fruit rots when warmer weather returns

(D)if the fruit is quickly processed into juice concen¬trate before they rot when warmer weather returns

(E)to have it quickly processed into juice concentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit

For parallelism, the linking verb is should link two infinitives: The only way to salvage ... is to process. Choice A begins with an infinitive, but the plural pronouns them and they do not agree with the singular noun citrus. Choices B, C, and D do not begin with an infinitive, and all present pronoun errors: the plural pronouns cannot grammatically refer to citrus or fruit, nor can they refer to farmers without absurdity. The best choice, E, has parallel infinitives and uses fruit to refer unambiguously to citrus. E also expresses the cause-and-effect relationship between the return of warmer weather and the rotting of the fruit; A, C, and D merely describe these events as contemporaneous.

To josephcfan
我想這題可以用大衛兄回復B爺113題的觀念來說吧
題目說 解救被冰凍住的柑橘類水果唯一的方法就是把它趕緊做成果汁在暖天氣回來造成水果腐敗之前
在這裡的因果關係應該是說 之前水果被凍住了--->暖天氣回來---->水果解凍就會壞掉了,所以應該不是單純的說"and"有因果關係!!

解釋不精準或是有違大衛牛人本意的地方 還請大衛兄或是其他大大指教

ps 今天才看到這篇文章 甚覺慶幸 在考前有這個機會拜讀先進們精闢的討論 實在是有如醍醐灌頂一般 希望考試的時候 能有各位大大一半的功力以及頭腦清醒 謹慎細心就好了!!!

回應Behenoth大大
對等連接詞and
小弟查了大朗文
有少數慣用口語會出現時間先後或因果關係
但歐雞考的是"正式書寫英文"
小弟在歐雞詳解中
從來沒看過對等連接詞表示因果關係
且259提也明確解釋and表示"兩個無關詞語"

表時間先後只有少數例外像是113提
動作本身已經有先後
硬要用and連接
原本先的動作用完成式
後的動作用過去式
而因為and老美已經把
那些就算有時間先後的動作
一樣用同樣的"簡單式"連接
並且形成一種正式的idomatic慣用法

其他狀況在AT規則裡
and對等連接詞都用來表示"同時"
但無論同不同時
都沒有因果關聯

[davidlee0222]

agree with michelle

修辭精髓在句子分為"文句結構"與"句子意思"兩部分得結合
E also expresses the cause-and-effect relationship between the return of warmer weather and the rotting of the fruit; A, C, and D merely describe these events as contemporaneous.
真正的重點是後面那句
ACD並沒有使the return of warmer weather 跟the rotting of the fruit成為contemporaneous

contemporaneous才是對等連接詞所扮演的功能
也因為contemporaneous完全同時
才使氣溫回暖跟蔬果腐敗連為因果
是因為and讓"回暖"與"腐敗"同時發生
句子的意思才產生因果連貫
單看and結構部份並沒有因果關係

這是第十版為人詬病的地方
老大心態故意話講一半解釋的極易混淆
想藉此展現ETS的高明並想區分苦工考生高下
結果上頭直接把主辦權易主
在第十一版當場180度大甩尾
乖乖把原有考題重新仔細解釋
還算它上道

[josephcfan]

sorry,小弟天資孥鈍,可否再請問一下,為何說
"也因為contemporaneous完全同時
才使氣溫回暖跟蔬果腐敗連為因果
是因為and讓"回暖"與"腐敗"同時發生
句子的意思才產生因果連貫"
實在有點頭暈啦！！
因果關係不是會有先後時間的關係嗎？
為何同時發生的動作又叫有因果關係呢

[davidlee0222]

一個講某時間點的前半
一個講某時間點的後半
用對等連接詞連接使這兩個時間點疊合
從句意中得知因果
因果關係是由句子的意思而來
並非由結構所產生的因果
因果關係並不會因為對等連接詞and而產生

[brokenenglish]

By the way...
你給你最後例句答案是E嗎?

Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

這題出現在 OG(11th)Q104, 答案應該是 C

[chocola]

By the way...
你給你最後例句答案是E嗎?

Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

這題出現在 OG(11th)Q104, 答案應該是 C

那....之前針對E的解釋是不是又要修正啦?
阿....小混淆了

[inging]

By the way...
你給你最後例句答案是E嗎?

Nuclear fusion is the force that powers the Sun, the stars, and hydrogen bombs, merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors.
(A) merging the nuclei of atoms and not splitting them apart, as in nuclear reactors
(B) merging the nuclei of atoms instead of splitting them apart, like nuclear reactors
(C) merging the nuclei of atoms rather than splitting them apart, as nuclear reactors do
(D) and merges the nuclei of atoms but does not split them apart, as is done in unclear reactors
(E) and merges the nuclei of atoms, unlike atomic reactors that split them apart

這題出現在 OG(11th)Q104, 答案應該是 C

那....之前針對E的解釋是不是又要修正啦?
阿....小混淆了

這個部分建議你可以仔細看看前面david大大的文章
真的寫的很棒！
根本就是OG11版第15題解釋的精華！
The participle would normally be expected to modify the first clause, describing or extending its meaning.
還有句子的主要結構及次要(補述)結構的部分
真的很感謝david大大！