由 spank » 2008-07-12 08:45
choleric, melancholy, sanguine and phlegmatic這四個都是gre單字,每
個都不好背,尤其是choleric和phlegmatic更是難背。怎麼辦?硬背嗎?別急!
請Hippocrates來說說他的four humors theory/ Temperament theory。
Temperament theory has its roots in the ancient four humors
theory of the Greek doctor Hippocrates (460-370 BC), who
believed certain human moods, emotions and behaviors were
caused by body fluids (called "humors"): blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
Hippocrates認為人體是由四種體液組成的: blood, yellow bile(=choler),
black bile, and phlegm, 他認為人類的心情、情緒、行為受到這些體液組成的
影響,不同體液的搭配、組成,導致不同性格的人。
1: blood 多血質 ( 特徵為:sanguine: cheerful and optimistic樂天的、興奮的);
2: choler or yellow bile 黃膽汁型 ( 特徵為:choleric or short-tempered
易怒的、暴躁的);The disease Cholera gained its name from choler (bile).
blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm.
3: phlegm 粘液質 ( 特徵為:phlegmatic/ slow and unexcitable冷漠的、冷淡的);
4: melancholy or black bile 黑膽汁型 ( 特徵為:sad and melancholy憂鬱的、悲觀的);
四種體液中blood, yellow bile, and phlegm在人體內都有對應的物質(血液、
膽汁、黏液—例如痰),只有black bile,沒有對應的物質,腎上腺的髓質the
medulla of the adrenal glands或許與它有關。