有不會背的ＧＲＥ單字嗎？照過來！我教你！

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Official GRE Verbal Reasoning Practice Questions Paperback – August 14, 2014
by Educational Testing Service (Author)


ETS出版的「Official GRE Verbal Reasoning Practice Questions Paperback 」，2014年版本已於8月中旬出版，
請見http://www.amazon.com/Official-Verbal-Reasoning-Practice-Questions/dp/007183429X/

amazon網頁很慷慨的分享了一題閱讀題，趁著本書滾燙熱辣之際，我把該題post上來和大家分享，相信大家應該很有興趣。

大家先作作題目，我隨後附上解答和我的說明。

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Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following reading passage.

Reviving the practice of using elements of popular music in classical composition, an approach that had been in hibernation in the United States during the 1960s, composer Philip Glass (born 1937) embraced the ethos of popular music in his compositions. Glass based two symphonies on music by rock musicians David Bowie and Brian Eno, but the symphonies' sound is distinctively his. Popular elements do not appear out of place in Glass's classical music, which from its early days has shared certain harmonies and rhythms with rock music. Yet this use of popular elements has not made Glass a composer of popular music. His music is not a version of popular music packaged to attract classical listeners; it is high art for listeners steeped in rock rather than the classics.

Select only one answer choice.
1. The passage addresses which of the following issues related to Glass's use of popular elements in his classical compositions?
(A) How it is regarded by listeners who prefer rock to the classics

(B)How it has affected the commercial success of Glass's music

(C)Whether it has contributed to a revival of interest among other
composers in using popular elements in their compositions

(D) Whether it has had a detrimental effect on Glass's reputation as a composer of classical music

(E) Whether it has caused certain of Glass's works to be derivative in quality


Consider each of the three choices separately and select all that apply.
2. The passage suggests that Glass's work displays which of the following qualities?
(A) A return to the use of popular music in classical compositions

(B) An attempt to elevate rock music to an artistic status more closely approximating that of classical music

(C) A long-standing tendency to incorporate elements from two apparently disparate musical styles

3. Select the sentence that distinguishes two ways of integrating rock and classical music.

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答案請見：
http://www.amazon.com/Official-Verbal-R ... +Paperback

我把它打字如下：


Explanations
The passage describes in general terms how Philip Glass uses popular music in his classical compositions and explores how Glass can do this without being imitative. Note that there are no opposing views discussed; the author is simply presenting his or her views.

Question 1: One of the important points that the passage makes is that when Glass uses popular elements in his music, the result is very much his own creation (it is "distinctively his"). In other words, the music is far from being derivative. Thus one issue that the passage addresses is the one referred to in answer Choice E—it answers it in the negative. The passage does not discuss the impact of Glass's use of popular elements on listeners, on the commercial success of his music, on other composers, nor on Glass's reputation, so none of Choices A through D is correct.

The correct answer is Choice E.

Question 2:
To answer this question, it is important to assess each answer choice independently. Since the passage says that Glass revived the use of popular music in classical compositions, answer Choice A is clearly correct. On the other hand, the passage also
denies that Glass composes popular music or packages it in a way to elevate its status, so answer Choice B is incorrect. Finally, since Glass's style has always mixed elements of rock with classical elements. Choice C is correct.

Thus the correct answer is Choice A and Choice C.

Question 3:
Almost every sentence in the passage refers to incorporating rock music in classical compositions, but only the last sentence distinguishes two ways of doing so. It distinguishes between writing rock music in a way that will make it attractive to classical listeners and writing classical music that will be attractive to listeners familiar with rock.

Thus the correct answer is the last sentence of the passage.

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這題官方說明相當清楚，以下稍微說明一下。

Question 1-E：在考derivative這個字的意思：n.衍生物/adj.非獨創的﹐模仿他人的
a largely derivative text 大部分蹈襲他人的文章

Question 2-c ：A long-standing tendency ，可從
「 Popular elements do not appear out of place in Glass's classical music, which from its early days has shared certain harmonies and rhythms with rock music.」看出。


steep in something: (尤用於被動語態) 某物彌漫(或充滿)...; 某人精通...
steeped in ignorance/prejudice 極為無知/充滿偏見
a city steeped in history 歷史悠久的城市
He steeped himself in the literature of ancient Greece and Rome . 他精通古希臘和古羅馬文學。

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「一諾留學」165 題填空題詳解

共有165題，出自http://wenku.baidu.com/view/2ca859165a8102d276a22ff6.html

與「麟渡兮填空題」所選的165 題題目相同(解答是大陸老師的解答，很多都是參考官方解說所作的解答，不會離譜)，
很值得詳讀。可惜我無法下載，不知道有沒有哪位網友可下載下來，再放到「有不會解的gre填空題----」那邊，供大家練習？

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4. Economic competition among nations may lead to new forms of economic protectionism that hearken back to the mercantilism of an earlier age: there are signs today that such protectionism is indeed____.
(A) evanescent
(B) resurgent
(C) recrudescent
(D) transitory
(E) controversial
(F) inimical

[出處] PPII, Practice Test 1, V2, Hard, # 15


空格中應該填入一個形容詞，用來描述貿易保護主義的特點。
前後兩句話之間通過冒號連接，後面一句是前面一句的進一步解釋說明，故前後兩句之間是同義。又因沒有否定詞存在，所以對應單詞之間也是同義關係。前面一句話中說「可能導致新型式的經濟保護主義」，後面就選有re-開頭(「再」的意思，呼應「新型式的」)的字眼就可以。答案是 BC。

詞語解釋：

Hearken 傾聽，
hearken back to something: to remind one of something. 使人想起

Seeing a horse and buggy in the park harks back to the time when horses drew milk wagons. Sally says it harkens back to the time when everything was delivered by horse-drawn wagons.

An elderly man who liked to hearken back to “the good old days”.

mercantilism重商主義；商業本位

(A) evanescent：（易逝的）tending to vanish like vapor ; synonyms see TRANSIENT
(B) resurgent：（復活的）undergoing or tending to produce resurgence
(C) recrudescent：（復發的）breaking out again : RENEWING
(D) transitory：（易逝的）of brief duration : TEMPORARY ; synonyms see TRANSIENT
(E) controversial：（引起爭端的）of, relating to, or arousing controversy
(F) inimical：（敵意的）having the disposition of an enemy : HOSTILE

【翻譯】國家間的經濟競爭可能導致新型式的經濟保護主義(這讓人想起早期的商業本位主義)：今天，這樣的經濟保護主義確實已有復甦的跡象。

spank註：
「一諾留學」的165 題填空題有個特別的地方，裏面的句子的翻譯幾乎是參考(或抄自)「麟渡兮填空」(我還未全部看完，所以用「幾乎」)。

以第4題為例，

「麟渡兮填空」把它翻成：
在不同的國家中的經濟競爭也許能領導新的保護主義經濟形態回歸到早期的商業本位主義：現今有許多的微(徵)兆像是保護主義確實是 ______。

你可以看到，這個翻譯把hearken back to 翻成 「回歸到」，顯然有誤，不過對於答案的選取，影響不大(因為它的邏輯是對的)，提供大家參考。

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7. Each member of the journalistic pair served as____ the other: each refrained from
publishing a given piece if the other doubted that it was ready to be printed.
(A) a check on
(B) an advocate for
(C) an impediment to
(D) a brake on
(E) an apologist for
(F) an intermediary for
【出處】PPII，Practice Test 2, V2, Medium，#15

【解題分析】前後兩個半句話之間通過冒號連接，構成解釋說明關係，故前後兩個半句之間是同義。又因沒有否定詞存在，所以對應單詞之間也是同義關係。後半句中的“refrained from”應該為前半句選項的標準，即選擇與之意義相同的“a check on” “a brake on”；干擾選項應為選項C, impediment to怠思為妨礙，阻礙，而結合題目語境，選擇「約束」的意思即可，若選擇選項C,語義過了。答案AD。

【翻譯】新聞拍檔中兩人相互約束對方：若是一方懷疑某篇文章還未到打印發文的時機，就請對方克制發布。


字詞解釋
check ---something that controls something else and stops it from getting worse, continuing to happen etc 制止（手段）﹐抑制（手段）﹐控制
Higher interest rates will act as a check on public spending . 高利率會抑制公眾消費。

brake抑制，約束
There is little the government can do to brake inflation . 政府沒有多少辦法抑制通貨膨脹。

refrain from: 克制
Please refrain from smoking.請不要抽菸。

Spank註：
這就是新聞互助二人組，兩人互為對方檢查，相戶約束(check)，不該做時請對方暫時按捺下來。重點在約束二字，check、brake皆有約束、抑制之義(見字詞解釋)，恰與後半句中的“refrained from”同義，前後呼應，故選。干擾選項為impediment，為阻礙之意，阻礙與約束不同。journalistic pair相互約束、節制的用意，是要相互幫忙，而不是要「阻礙」對方、毀了對方，所以不選(即所謂「語意太過」)。

注意：
Check在這裡不是“支票、檢查”的常用意思而是“抑制” 的意思
brake在這裡不是“煞車”的常用意思而是“抑制” 的意思

GRE特別愛考這種熟詞偏義，防不勝防，只好看一個記一個，幸好除了英語系國家，其他國家的人也都有這種困擾，我們不是唯一一個。有心人應該自己作個整理，把這些熟詞偏義收集起來。

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剛好看到，請大家作作下面這題填空：
---------------------------------------------------------------------
xx帝國麟渡兮老師
8月22日 學生問：

老師您好 我是字彙班的同學
想請教ov 57,

OV 57
The remarkable thing about the mayoral race, in retrospect, is that so many people wanted the job of managing a municipality so obviously about to ______.
(A) materialize
(B) disintegrate
(C) crumble
(D) prosper
(E) flourish
(F) scuffle

空格要填？

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spank說明

這題的關鍵字有二：in retrospect/ remarkable
1. in retrospect 是 "回顧"，和「未回顧」形成比較。

2. 在一般情況下，許多參選人只是單純選市長，心中想的只是為民服務、把市政建設好。(未回顧的情況下，多數人的想法)

3. 哪裏會想到，對選舉史稍作回顧、比較，竟然發現和2.很不一樣、很不平常、令人驚訝的(remarkable = unusual, surprising)現象：有許多市府的財政不佳，公務員的薪水無法按時發出、加班費在幾個月之內已用罄----(如未改制前的臺中縣)，選上後的新(縣)市長常常要面對窘困的財政以及礙手礙腳的施政空間---，當選人這才發覺他選到的工作根本不是一個好頭路。

4. 至此，可以看到in retrospect/remarkable ( = unusual, surprising)在 Is that之前的形成一個負面意義
(注意unusual的「un-」)。

5. 由於Is that之前和之後的句子是同義的。，所以Is that之後的空格也要填負面字義的字眼，有(B) (C) (F)可選，但只有 (B) (C)是同義字，故選。(A) (D) (E) 為正面字，不選。

字詞解釋
in retrospect回顧

municipality自治市/市政當局
The municipality has/have closed the swimming pool .
市政當局已關閉了那個游泳池。

about to 即將

(A) materialize使具體化、實現、物質化
(B) disintegrate瓦解
(C) crumble粉碎
(D) prosper繁榮
(E) flourish蓬勃發展
(F) scuffle扭打、拖著腳走路(shuffle的變形)

翻譯
回顧市長選舉，有一件很不平常、令人驚訝的的事情是：有這麼多人想要一份工作----管理一個明顯即將瓦解的城市。


注意(以下是麟渡兮老師發表在PTT的意見2014-08-27，請大家參考)：

OV1 是 ETS 最新的題目 (2014 年出版)，<麟渡兮填空> 那 165 題
是 2011 年的事了，不是說這 165 題沒用，而是最新的題目反應了
ETS 最近的出題趨勢。我觀察到幾點：

(1-1) 用字簡單化

那些 GRE 難字出現頻率降低 (不是沒有，而是降低)，但往
往那些簡單字卻是台灣同學不好掌握的 (因為不屑去查它)，
如 cow, woo, court, breathtaking 等。

(1-2) 句子結構複雜化

因為用字相對簡單 (1-1)，ETS 把考點放在句子的理解，所
以將句子結構複雜化，"理解" 句子到底在說什麼變得關鍵，
有些題目 "正反意涵" 的解題技巧反而施不上力。

簡言之，我認為是最近的趨勢是 "填空閱讀化"。

(1-3) 片語比例增高

片語往往是 "每個字都是簡單字，但合起來就看不懂"，而
最新的趨勢考了很多片語 (題目和選項都有)，有的片語本
身就帶有正反意涵，若不瞭解，往往就掉到 ETS 陷阱。

注意，好的題目 (ETS 的題目) 都是搭配好陷阱字的，"真
正" 看的懂的人會選對，"以為看懂的人" 也會選得很開心
(那種 "很順" 的感覺) 但其實是選到陷阱字，原因是因為
沒有真正理解題目的意思 (亂聯想想偏了，或沒注意到轉
折詞)。

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請大家看看pinkyknip (pinky)所提出的的問題：
===============================
批踢踢實業坊›看板 GRE關於我們聯絡資訊
返回看板分享
作者pinkyknip (pinky)
看板GRE
標題[問題] 請教一題填空
時間Wed Aug 20 23:13:30 2014

做題目時碰到一題不知道要怎麼解

想請教大家一下

If his works had been regarded merely as those of a fool he might have

met with only ridicule, not with violent ____ and strict censorship.

A: brutality
B: laothing
C: rebellion
D: enmity
E: execution


正解為D

想請問怎麼解題看得出來是D

為什麼不能選B呢?

語意上感覺B也沒有什麼錯呀

謝謝大家

yutingsu : works指學術成果 看法受敵方攻擊很正常 討厭不恰當
==========================================================

你可以幫忙解決pinkyknip (pinky)的問題嗎？

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本題的原始出處在http://www.liuxue.la/91sat/uploads/91sat/00/96%20May.pdf
為1996年5月，SAT的題目(p329)。

原本的題目為：
If his works had been regarded merely as those of a fool, he might have met with only ___ ,
not with violent enmity and strict censorship.
(A) brutality (B) loathing (C) rebellion(D) ridicule (E) execution

兩相對照，可以發現空格的位置改了，出題者把原空格填上ridicule，把enmity的位置挖空，
改成新的填空題請大家作答，但A~E的選項卻只有D更動，沒注意到loathing和enmity的意思
其實蠻相近的，導至了問題。我個人猜測這新的填空題可能是補習班稍作更動後給學員的
練習題(要請問pinkyknip出處)，原題因為逗號前有fool，逗號後的空格不難猜到是ridicule(嘲笑)
，可是改成新題後，要由fool去猜到空格要填enmity,其實線索並不是那麼清楚。

簡而言之，pinkyknip是個會思考的人，所說的「怎麼解題看得出來是D？為什麼不能選B呢?語意上
感覺B也沒有什麼錯呀？」，其實很有道理。

另外，google一下，發現violent和loathing是可搭配在一起使用的，例如violent loathing of food

所以，改成新題後，我認為BD應該都是答案。

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PTT上，來欣謝忠理老師的看法，貼在此處，提供參考。
------------------------------------------------------------------------

作者xiezl (xzl)
看板GRE
標題Re: [問題] GRE準備兩個月分數不進反退怎麼辦？
時間Tue Aug 26 07:31:53 2014

※ 引述《taminoon ()》之銘言：
: GRE全職準備了兩個月，第一次分數V149,Q154，第二次分數V148,Q158
: 兩次考試間隔約一個月，全職準備但分數只多了四分，V還退步一分。
: 可是我所有可能的練習都做了，已作的練習包括
: V的部分：吳中東，渡麟兮填空，陳聖元填空，36套加複習。單字背了
: xx的所有講義。
: Q的部分：陳向東數學，官方的math official guide。
: 模考：十二回的模考軟體。
: 但模考的時候分數都有310以上，PP2V158, 158。
: 實際考試分數就是整整掉了十分更多。
: 我真的已經不知道該怎麼辦了，想問大家這樣的狀況下
: 我該去補習嗎?還是有什麼我還沒注意到的問題？
: 花了兩個月準備除了寫的比較順之外，好像一點進步都沒有該怎麼辦

首先，針對總分來說，如果原 po 的目標是要 310 以上，那麼應該
的準備方向是加強數學。依我個人看法，數學 158 是低了些，要衝
上 165，所花的功夫應該會比要讓 V 從 148 增加到 158 來得少很
多。因此站在時間的投資報酬率上看，若還要考第三次，首要必須加
強數學。

至於數學該不該補習，就見仁見智，必須審酌考生的個人背景、能力
、目前障礙等等因素決定。而目前原 po 這方面的資訊提供不多，所
以暫時無法提供建議。

而 V 只有 148 夠不夠用？這要看你申請的領域對於 V 的要求高不
高。舉個例子，在我去年幫忙修改 SOP 的同學當中，有一位化工系
的同學，V 就是 149 分，而拿到的化工碩士入學許可中，有五所學
校排名全美前 20 名。

所以我在上課中一直不斷提醒同學說，GRE 就是個門檻，是個眾多指
標中的一個。如果申請的校系有明確規定，比方說 V 要 150 或是作
文要 3.5，那麼最好乖乖去考個所需的分數出來，否則在數字篩選關
卡就直接被刷掉了。如果沒有明訂的標準，只要不是很離譜的分數，
就應該將時間精力放在申請資料的準備上，好好寫出真摯精確的 SOP
，強而有力的推薦信。這樣的效果會比將時間精力糾結在 V 是 149
還是 151 上，一定好得多。

再來是關於原 po 在做 PP 模考時分數遠高過於實際應考分數的問題
。第一個原因，可能是實際考試的難度遠高於 PP。若是如此，想要
突破困境，就需要針對自己的弱點找出短期內有效的能力提升方法。

第二個原因，是原 po 在準備的過程當中，已經將大部分的 PP 題目
做過了，所以拿 PP 來當模考判別自己實力，準確度一定會打折扣。
根據原 po 提供的準備教材來看，我覺得這是比較可能的理由。

那麼該不該補習來加強 V？就純字彙能力來說，如果原 po 是有恆心
毅力的人，我個人認為可以不必。不過根據原 po 的準備教材來看，
我覺得應該找方老師的 11 張以及最新版（舊版的不準）紅寶書看一
遍，確定是否這些字都會。如果有兩三成（或更多）不會的話，那麼
就代表字彙能力要提升。而我個人不建議用「字彙的力量」當判別標
準，因為前兩者是針對 GRE 整理的教材，後者不是。同時我可以明
確且負責任地說，字彙的力量裡後面章節中的字許多都超過 GRE 的
難度，背了對實力不會有損失，但是時間花掉卻沒有分數的回報，在
考試上就不值得了。

扣掉單純字彙能力之外，GRE 的 V 是需要考試技巧的。這種技巧不
是旁門左道的猜答案技巧，而是正規的邏輯判斷（主要用在填充與邏
輯上）與結構分析（主要用在閱讀上）以及精確的語意理解（同時用
在填充、邏輯和閱讀上）能力。至於準備方向，打個比方，就像練功
夫一樣，我們可以像楊過，受教於各大門派，學了正宗武術加一點特
異功夫，加上天資聰穎，因此成為一代宗師。我們也可以像韋小寶，
死纏爛打，而老天爺眷顧，加上天資聰穎（這個很重要），每次都能
化險為夷。

不知道原 po 在準備 V 時，有沒有對各類型題目發展出自己一套固
定有效的解題流程（比方說邏輯題中的反駁題，主要有四種反駁方法
，可以用固定的思考流程解出），還是在解題過程中，猶豫大過於肯
定，感覺大過於理性？這問題的答案只有自己最瞭解，仔細分析清楚
後，才有辦法回答是否需要花一筆錢去補習。

就像托福一樣，GRE 是個標準化測驗，出題、評分都有行之有年經過
再三檢驗的標準，因此要破解它也是有標準方法的。不論自修或是補
習，都要能夠找到佛教所說的法門。誤打誤撞或許會成功，但是古往
今來也只有一個韋小寶。


來欣謝忠理老師

[spank]

請大家看看startfromher (kakaka)所提出的的問題。
你可以幫助他解決問題嗎？

(https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/GRE/M.1409904265.A.06D.html)
=========================================
作者startfromher (kakaka)
看板GRE
標題[問題] Magoosh一題閱讀
時間Fri Sep 5 16:04:23 2014

想請教各路高手這一題要怎麼選出題目要問的句子阿?

我看了很久還是不知道為什麼正確答案(綠色底)是這一句

困擾的點是在於題目所述的這段話是什麼意思:

psychotherapists were "initially regarded as different by most"

=> 一開始被大家認為不一樣的地方?????

雖然看了正確答案大概可以知道incomprehensible這裡可能就是答案

但這是"most"(各人解讀為大眾)的想法嗎?? 還是我理解錯誤

懇請幫忙指正謝謝


文章&題目截圖如下:

http://imgur.com/3dXubVc

Freudianism sits alongside Marxism and Darwinism in the
pantheon of modern theories held to be so revelatory that
they not only gained the adherence of Western intelligentsia
but shaped the broader culture. During the first half of the
twentieth century, an air of intrigue and mystery hovered
around Freud's newly anointed practitioners:
psychotherapists. They occupied a strange universe, speaking
in a language so incomprehensible but seemingly authoritative
that it alternately awed and scared the average man on the
street. Psychotherapy is no longer an intellectual movement
today as it once was. But in the form of modern professional
"caring," it has assumed a new role, which is to provide a
peculiar sort of substitute friendship — what we might call
"artificial friendship" — for lonely people in a lonely age.

To understand why this occurred and what it means for
American culture, one must study the fractious history of the
mental health field over the last six decades. It is a
complicated story, with a staggering variety of terms, schools,
leaders, and techniques, so any overview must necessarily
leave out many important details. But from even just a
synopsis of the conflicts that gave rise to today's culture of
psychotherapy — battles over who would hold the truest title
to physician of the mind, tensions between scientists and
clinicians, academics and professionals, elites and the public
— we can see more clearly how psychotherapy has profoundly
shaped the American conception of what happiness is and how
we can achieve it.

Select the sentence that describes a reason that
psychotherapists were initially regarded as different
by most.

Click on a sentence in the passage to make your selection

[spank]

1.
「Select the sentence that describes a reason that psychotherapists were initially
regarded as different by most.」句中的most是代名詞，意思是「大多數」(見yahoo字典)，
由題意知，這個「大多數」指的是人，也就是「大多數人」的意思。

整句的翻譯是，
選擇一個句子：描述心理治療(或諮商)師為什麼在剛開始時，被大多數人
認為是與眾不同的(很不一樣的)。

這題答案的選取，其實不難。
這樣講的原因是因為全篇文章只有一個地方在描述psychotherapists->

-----psychotherapists. They occupied a strange universe, speaking in a language so
incomprehensible but seemingly authoritative that it alternately awed and scared
the average man on the street.

2.
至於
startfromher (kakaka)說：雖然看了正確答案大概可以知道incomprehensible這裡，
可能就是答案-----

我的看法比較不同，我認為應該要加上「strange」。「strange/incomprehensible」
才是呼應題目中的「different」的關鍵字，其中又以strange為主要關鍵字
(因為strange/different二字，雖不到同義字的地步，但是會讓人感到strange的，
通常也會讓人感到different)。

[spank]

再來看看thousandfish所提出的閱讀題
https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/GRE/M.1409945233.A.C47.html
大家先讀一讀，選個答案，下次討論。
==============================================

作者thousandfish (我也還不確定 但是我媽之)
看板GRE
標題[問題] GRE OV閱讀一題 (P.22)
時間Sat Sep 6 03:27:11 2014

While the best sixteenth-century Renaissance scholars mastered the classics of
ancient Roman literature in the original Latin and understood them in their
original historical context, most of the scholar's educated contemporaries
knew the classics only from school lessons on selected Latin texts. These were
chosen by Renaissance teachers after much deliberation, for works written by
and for the sophisticated adults of pagan Rome were not always considered
suitable for the Renaissance young: the central Roman classics refused (as
classics often do) to teach appropriate morality and frequently suggested
the opposite. Teachers accordingly made students' needs, not textual and
historical accuracy, their supreme interest, chopping dangerous texts into
short phrases, and using these to impart lessons extemporaneously on a variety
of subjects, from syntax to science. Thus I believe that a modern reader cannot
know the associations that a line of ancient Roman poetry or prose had for
any particular educated sixteenth-century reader.

The passage is primarily concerned with discussing the
A.unsuitability of the Roman classics for the teaching of morality
B.approach that sixteenth-century scholars took to learning the Roman
classics
C.effect that the Roman classics had on educated people in the Renaissance
D.way in which the Roman classics were taught in the sixteenth-century
E.contrast between the teaching of the Roman classics in the Renaissance
and the teaching of the Roman classics today