有不會背的ＧＲＥ單字嗎？照過來！我教你！

[spank]

15. Factory production made an absence of imperfections so blandly
commonplace that the ______ of hand-produced goods were now
cherished where they once might have been shunned.

(A) advantages
(B) revivals
(C) benefits
(D) pretentious
(E) blemishes
(F) defects
================================================
spank解說

(A) advantages優勢
(B) revivals復興
(C) benefits利益
(D) pretentious
(E) blemishes瑕疵
(F) defects缺陷

因為shun->一定是不好的、負面的->選EF

Shun 躲開，避開，迴避(避之唯恐不及)
She was shunned by her former friends after she went astray . 她偏離正道後，從前的朋友都迴避她。

記法：閃(臺語)

[spank]

16. Through its state associations, the American Medical Association
controlled who could become a physician and dominated ______
professions like nursing and occupational therapy.

(A) commensurate
(B) proportionate
(C) kindred
(D) affiliated
(E) imperative
(F) voluntary

Spank解說
有兩組同義字commensurate/proportionate，kindred/affiliated
到底要選哪一組呢？

選commensurate/proportionate，則dominated ______
professions，變成dominated commensurate/proportionate professions like nursing and occupational therapy
但因為前面提到的專業只有一種(醫師)，所以commensurate/proportionate profession頂多只能有一種，而不是這裏看到的二種：nurse, occupation therapist


選kindred/affiliated，帶進去，意思通暢，整個句子變成：
通過國家協會，美國醫學協會掌控誰能夠成為一名醫生和主導類似的專業，如護士和職能治療師(復健師的一種。復健師分成兩類：物理治療師和職能治療師)。
選！

(A) commensurate同量的，相稱的
(B) proportionate成比例的
(C) kindred同性質的
(D) affiliated相關的
(E) imperative必須的
(F) voluntary志願的


spank註：原本的句子應該是這樣
Through its state associations, the American Medical Association
controlled who could become a physician. the American Medical Association also
controlled who could become a nurse , and controlled who could become a occupational therapist.

ESL把controln用dominate取代，再改寫成文縐縐的樣子：
Through its state associations, the American Medical Association
controlled who could become a physician and dominated kindred professions like nursing and occupational therapy.

[spank]

2014 ov1 mock test2 section2的10題填空題答案

1C 2D 3BE 4AF 5CDI 6CDH 13DE 14BC 15EF 16CD

[spank]

2014 ov1 mock test3 section1的10題填空題，答案在第10題後面

1. The name of the Sloane Matthew Library has long been ______ ; even
longtime city residents assume it is a run-of-the-mill library, never
suspecting what art treasures it contains.

A. reversed
B. proposed
C. misleading
D. elevated
E. intriguing


spank說明

run - of - the - mill普通的﹐一般的﹐不突出的
mill磨坊，run：n/v（機器等）運轉；進行 The machine runs smoothly . 這臺機器運轉正常。

記法：磨坊裏本來就是有機器運轉的地方(才可磨東西)，
所以run - of - the - mill一點也不稀奇(=普通的)，mill裏面沒有run那才叫奇怪

a run - of - the - mill performance 平平的表現
This is a basic run - of - the - mill car , but it gets me where I want to go .
這是一輛一般的普通車，但是它能帶我到任何我想去的地方。

被認為是run - of - the - mill，但實際上卻包含藝術珍品->選misleading


翻譯：
斯隆馬修圖書館(的名稱)長久以來被誤導，即使住了很久的市民都以為它只是個普通的圖書館，從沒想過
它裏面包含藝術珍品。

A.逆轉的
B.建議的
C.誤導的
D.升高的
E.令人感興趣的

[spank]

2. Although economic growth has conventionally been viewed as the
______ for poverty in underdeveloped regions, this prescriptions’ negative
environmental side effects are becoming a concern.

A. culprit
B. recipe
C. panacea
D. explanation
E. refuge

spank解說

一看到 prescriptions，就知道空格要填與醫藥有關的字眼。
那要選recipe處方還是panacea萬靈丹呢？
兩者有什麼差別呢？

請看下段文字：
The main argument in Chapter 8 is that different kinds of doctrine can be
rewardingly utilised for different purposes. Doctrine is no panacea, but a
recipe. Just as it would be irrational to reject a recipe for making pizza
simply because it does not help you in preparing a turkey, you should not
blame the doctrine if you expect something else from it than what was put
into it. In principle, doctrine can be utilised in three different ways: as a
tool of command, as a tool of change, and as a tool of education

從上可知，兩者的差別在於有沒有效：panacea一定有效，但recipe卻不一定有效。

題目說conventionally been viewed as ，表示是有效的(否則這個觀念不會一直傳下來)
題目又說this prescriptions’ negative environmental side effects ，也是表示有效(沒效的話，
還提什麼副作用，連談都不用談了)

所以選panacea
至於panacea怎麼記呢？
可用penicillin (n.盤尼西林)來記。
一九四四年，英美兩國公開在醫療中使用盤尼西林，一九四五年的諾曼地登陸前，美國還製造了兩百三十萬劑盤尼西林，提供戰場上使用。隨後幾年，盤尼西林的應用遍及全世界，因為它的發現，完全改變了人類與傳染病之間生死搏鬥的歷史，人類的平均壽命也得以延長。在那個動亂的時代，你能說盤尼西林不是panacea嗎？
一九四五年，弗萊明、弗洛里和錢恩三人共同獲得了諾貝爾醫學獎。

[spank]

3. Even as the economy struggled, the secretary stood by his ______
long-term outlook, saying that technology was allowing business to make
deep-rooted improvements in their productivity, the best indicator of an
economy’s ability to grow

A. arcane
B. sanguine
C. equivocal
D. ambivalent
E. irresolute

Spank解說

Even as the economy struggled(負面意涵)->後句語意發生轉折，成為正面意涵，5個選項中只有sanguine樂觀的符合要求，選！

「, saying」 可以改回成為「and said」, 就可以清楚看到句子的主詞、動詞

stand by的主要意思有4 個，這裏採「支持」之意(如此才符合「後句語意發生轉折，成為正面意涵」的要求)

stand by
支持; 幫助
No matter what happens , I ' ll stand by you , so don ' t be afraid . 不管發生什麼我一定支持你, 所以你不用害怕。
袖手旁觀
How can you stand by and let him treat his dog like that ? 他那樣虐待他那隻狗, 你怎麼能袖手旁觀呢?
準備行動
The troops are standing by . 部隊正嚴陣以待。
信守(承諾等); 遵守
She still stands by every word she said . 她仍然信守自己說的每一句話。

翻譯：
即使在經濟掙扎(不景氣)時，秘書支持他看好長期前景(的觀點)，並說：技術讓企業得以在生產力做根深蒂固的改進，它是經濟成長力的最好的指標。

A.神秘的
B.樂觀的
C.模棱兩可的
D.矛盾的
E.猶豫不決的

[spank]

4. The villas and compounds that proliferated during the building boom
of the 1990s were (i)______, far too (ii)______ for people of average
means.

Blank(i) Blank(ii)
(A) opulent (D) bucolic
(B) eclectic (E) expensive
(C) enigmatic (F) mundane

spank解說：本題在考熟詞偏義

1.一提到別墅，馬上浮上心頭的就是「豪華、有錢」->第一空先選opulent豪華的，

2.far too (ii)______ for people of average means是第一空的說明，第二空應會與錢有關
，恰有expensive符合要求，選！


compound
有圍牆（或籬笆等的）住宅群，大院(熟語偏義)
My friend ' s family lives in the compound . 我朋友的家住在那個大院裡。

means：財產；資力；收入(為熟詞偏義。常作手段，方法；工具解)
He is living beyond his means . 他入不敷出。

opulent：豪華的(也算是熟語偏義)；富裕的，大量的

翻譯：
在1990年代建設熱潮激增的別墅和大宅院是豪華的，對財力一般般的人而言，它們太貴了。

空白（I）空白（II）
（A）豪華的（D）田園風光的
（B）兼收並蓄的，折衷的（E）昂貴的
（C）神秘的（F）世俗的

請看官方解答
The sentence talks about “villas and compounds,” which are high-end properties, so the intuitive
answer to Blank (ii) must be a word denoting a quality that makes these properties unsuitable or out
of reach for people of average means. The answer choice that best matches this meaning is
“expensive,” so it is correct. The answer to Blank (i) must name the quality of the properties that
makes them too expensive for people of average means; the answer choice that best meets this
requirement is “opulent.”
“Bucolic” may also seem a plausible choice for Blank (ii), as it denotes a quality that may not
normally be associated with “people of average means.” However, it is incorrect, as none of the
qualities named in Blank (i) would make a property bucolic.
Thus the correct answer is opulent (Choice A) and expensive (Choice E).

[spank]

5. The governor has considerable political talents, but as a speaker he is
far less (i)______ than his opponent, whose oratorical skills are (ii)______.

Blank(i) Blank(ii)
(A) adroit (D) unpretentious

(B) unconvincing (E) spurious

(C) prolix (F) breathtaking


spank解說
political talents(+)後，接but->語氣轉為(-)，第一空要選正向意涵字眼adroit

far less adroit than his opponent->所以對手的演講技巧超厲害，breathtaking驚人的.

unpretentious不矯飾的

[spank]

6. There is no point in combing through the director’s work for hints of
ideological significance. It is unnecessary: his ideology — Marxist,
anti-imperialist, aligned with the perceived interests of the powerless and
the marginal — is the (i)______ of his films. The clarity and force of that
ideology are considerable, but its (ii)______ sometimes bothers critics, who
often scold the director for lacking (iii)______.

Blank(i) Blank(ii) Blank(iii)
(A) hidden focus (D) bluntness (G) lucidity

(B) chief impetus (E) obscurity (H) subtlety

(C) murky lesson (F) feebleness (I) courage


spank說明

1.上題的關鍵字句是The clarity and force of that ideology are considerable

2.提問者對第2個空格的答案有疑問，我們從第2個空格說起
如同提問者所言：clarity是清楚的意思(正面意涵)， But是轉折詞，後面要接負面意涵的字(未必會形成反義字)，
但bluntness/ obscurity/ feebleness都是負面意涵的字，皆有可能，要選哪一個呢？
這可由空格3的答案來決定空格2的答案

2. 由於關鍵字句
「 The clarity and force of that ideology are considerable」說有很多的(considerable) clarity and force，
所以導演不會缺的是clarity(=lucidity) and force(=courge)，去除了lucidity/courage後，剩下的subtlety，
自然就是答案。

3. 由its (ii)____sometimes bothers critics, who often scold the director for lacking (iii)____.
可以看出逗號前的句子和逗號後的句子是同義的(說同一件事情)，所以空格3的答案和空格2的答案，
除了一個是正的意涵，一個是負的意涵外，它們也會互為反義字(範圍更小)

4. 空格3的答案選了subtlety精妙/微言大義，空格2的答案自然就只有選bluntness直言不諱/遲鈍
=======================================
關於第一個空格，
1.關鍵字句是The clarity and force of that ideology are considerable

2.題目的第二句話
It is unnecessary: his ideology — Marxist, anti-imperialist, aligned with the perceived interests
of the powerless and the marginal — is the(i)____ of his films.

中間的破折號部分，只是說明，暫時省略，不影響句意->
變成
It is unnecessary: his ideology is the(i)____ of his films.

2. 第二句話和第一句話說的東西是一樣的，只是第二句話更進一步，幫第一句話說明了原因。
至於這個原因是什麼，可藉第三句話看出。

3. 第三句話----關鍵句「 The clarity and force of that ideology are considerable」說意識形態的clarity and force是相當多(大)的(considerable)，所以第一個空格的(A)hidden focus/(C)murky lesson都不可能選，選的話，意識形態只會隱隱約約的，就不會有所謂的clarity and force是considerable的情形。最後就只下(B)chief impetus可選。


翻譯
通過導演的作品，梳理搜尋意識形態(的意義)的線索，是沒有意義的。

那樣做(梳理搜尋)是不必要的，因為：他的意識形態 - 馬克思主義者，反帝國主義者，和無權勢的、無足輕重的弱勢群體的(可被察覺的)利益站在同一陣線 - 是(拍攝) 他的電影的主要動力

(spank註：從這裏可知第一句話所說的，不用梳理搜尋導演的意識形態。因為導演的意識形態就清清楚楚的在那裏，而且還大刺刺地表現出來，讓電影評論家罵導演手法不夠細緻婉轉---最後一句)。

(電影裏的)意識形態的清晰度和力量是巨大的，但電影裏頭的直言不諱有時困擾著評論家，他們經常罵導演缺乏微言大義的表現(微言大義：說的少但卻讓人感受深刻，或不直說，改用其他的手法婉轉表達)。

[spank]

13. In a strong indication of the way the entire party is ______ the
candidate with moderate credentials, the outspokenly conservative former
mayor of a major city has promised to raise a substantial amount of money
for the candidate’s campaign.

(A) rallying behind

(B) incensed over

(C) undecided about

(D) mortified over

(E) embarrassed about

(F) coalescing around

[spank]

14. Mr. Hirsch says he will aim to preserve the foundation’s support of
______ thinkers, individuals who are going against the trends in a field or
an acknowledged set of opinions.

(A) iconoclastic
(B) integrative
(C) doctrinaire
(D) heterodox
(E) dogmatic
(F) synthesizing
Spank解說

individuals who are going against the trends in a field or an acknowledged set of opinions，
是______thinkers的同位語，說明該thinkers是怎樣一類的thinkers，了解這句話也就代表找到答案。

哪一種思考者是逆著(對抗)某個領域的趨勢(going against the trends in a field)、或公認(權威)見解的人呢？

這種不同於一般人的思考的方式的人，當然就是反傳統(打破偶像)、非正統的思想家，選iconoclastic/ heterodox

本題的關鍵字為against(對抗)，強烈地暗示選擇具有不妥協意涵的 clast-，hetero-

字詞解釋
iconoclastic：icon(偶像=idol)-o-clast(Gk. breaker)-ic->打破偶像的-> 反傳統的

hetero(different)-dox(opinion)->不同的意見->非正統的 (orthodox：正統的)

翻譯：
赫希說，他將致力於維護基金會，支持反傳統的思想家：他們逆潮流、主流意見而行。
（A）反傳統的（B）綜合的（C）教條主義的（D）非正統的（E）教條的（F）合成的

[spank]

15. In France cultural subsidies are ______: producers of just about any film
can get an advance from the government against box-office receipts, even
though most such loans are never fully repaid.

(A) ubiquitous

(B) invaluable

(C) sporadic

(D) scanty

(E) questionable

(F) omnipresent

[spank]

16. The problem of avoiding duplicate names—such as for Internet domain
names or for e-mail—is particularly______ when the name has to fit into a
format that allows only a finite number of possibilities.

(A) meager
(B) acute
(C) agreeable
(D) severe
(E) beneficial
(F) productive

Spank解說

1.就單純解題而言，這題很好選，因為只有一組同義字acute/severe，無干擾選項，可以不用考慮太多，直接選。

2.分析：
such as for Internet domain names or for e-mail」是插入句，可暫不看。
整句變成The problem of avoiding duplicate names is particularly ______ when the name has to fit into a format that allows only a finite number of possibilities.

是problem，所以不會選agreeable/beneficial/ productive這些正向字
至於meager，Internet domain、 e-mail名稱重複的問題絕對不少，不選

剩acute/severe，選。

翻譯：
當名稱必須符合一個(允許)有限數目的格式時，
避免名稱重複的問題特別嚴重(如網際網路網域名稱或電子郵件名稱的重複問題)。

(A) meager貧乏的，少的可憐的
(B) acute急性的
(C) agreeable令人愉快的
(D) severe嚴重的
(E) beneficial有利於的
(F) productive生產的


「名稱重複的問題」的重要性請見下文：
-----另一問題是，除了iDNS公司以外，還有在韓國、加拿大、美國等地的公司也同時在接受中文網域名稱的登記。如有同一名稱在多家公司重複登記，造成糾紛時，將全無合法排解的正常管道(該公司不在我國主權範圍內)，使消費者的權益嚴重受損。此等買賣商標權與姓名權的行為，也嚴重挑戰政府主權與公權力之行使。-----

[spank]

2014 ov1 mock test3 section1的10題填空題官方答案

1C 2C 3B 4AE 5AF 6BDH 13AF 14AD 15AF 16BD

[spank]

2014 ov1 mock test3 section2的10題填空題，答案在第10題之後


1. In searching for norms in the sense of authoritative standards of what
ought to be, rather than in the sense of what is average and thus can be
considered normal, normative ethics aims to ______.

(A) predict
(B) mitigate
(C) question
(D) dictate
(E) personalize

Spank解說
這題題目中間有個插入句，先拿掉它(只是個干擾， 不影響作答)，題目變成
In searching for norms in the sense of authoritative standards of what ought to be, (and ) normative ethics aims to ____.

一樣，本題沒有任何轉折詞，無需邏輯分析，以文意為主導。

逗號前、後的句子是同義的：
normative ethics= norms，所以空格就會= authoritative standards

而authoritative，意思有三個，其中一個意思「專斷的；命令式的」，正好對應到dictate的意思，所以答案選D

至於rather than所帶出的插入句，只是讓有關norms(注意複數形=社會規範)的說明更清楚，省略掉，不影響選擇。

翻譯：
在尋找社會規範(什麼該做什麼不該做的權威標準)中 ----並不是常人一般都會做的行為就可視為規範-----規範性的道德標準是在強行規定(他人的行為準則)。

Spank註：
本題是gre常考的另一類「同義字」題型，通常可藉由以下步驟找到答案：
讀題 ->去除干擾->比較前、後句子，確定前、後的句子是邏輯上同義的-> 如果空格在後句，找出對應的前句句中意思相似的部分-> 選擇同義字作答案

答題時，要小心去除干擾。本題，有不少網友一見rather than，不加思考就直接預測空格與其相反，但是看到選項中沒有匹配的詞，就迷惘了-----。

至於xx學員的問題是這樣子的：OV的方法是用排除法,可是選D感覺也是怪怪的,因為怎麼翻都怪怪的

希望他看了上面的解說後，能解除一些疑惑。

以下附上官方解說：
The sentence defines normative ethics by specifying the sense of the “norms” for which it searches. Since these are authoritative ethical standards, the word that fills the blank must describe the act of establishing those standards. The choice that does this is “dictate.(就是找同義字)

” Of the other choices, “predict” suggests that normative ethics merely attempts to describe future behavior rather than establish what guidelines should shape it, while “personalize” suggests a concern with individual circumstances that is not otherwise addressed in the sentence. “Mitigate” (to moderate or alleviate) is likewise incongruent with the rest of the sentence, while “question” does not address normative ethics’ concern with establishing rather than questioning norms.
Thus the correct answer is dictate (Choice D).

字詞解釋
norm：
the usual or normal situation, way of doing something etc 標準; 準則; 規範
Joyce ' s style of writing was a striking departure from the literary norm .
喬伊斯的寫作風格與傳統的文學風格大相徑庭。
norms [複數形] generally accepted standards of social behaviour 社會準則
terrorists who violate the norms of civilized society 違反文明社會準則的恐怖分子

authoritative [əˋθɔrə͵tetɪv]：
1.專斷的；命令式的
Don ' t be so authoritative when you ask me to do something .
你要我做事時，不要那麼專橫。
2.權威性的，可信賴的
This is an authoritative biography . 這是一本具有權威性的傳記。
3.官方的，當局的
Is this an authoritative order or a personal request ?
這是官方的命令還是個人的要求？


rather than：“而不是”的意思
These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty . 這鞋子很舒服而不是漂亮。
Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad , he sold them at half price . 他沒讓這些蔬菜壞掉, 而是半價把他們買掉。

Normative：
describing or establishing a set of rules or standards of behaviour
合乎規範的; 按規定準則的
a normative social structure 合乎規範的社會結構

ethics：
1.倫理觀；道德標準；（某種職業的）規矩[G]
The ethics of his profession do not permit him to do that . 他的職業道德不容許他那樣做。
2.倫理學，道德學
Ethics deals with moral conduct . 倫理學研討道德行為。
倫理學著作（或論文）

aim to：致力，意欲，旨在[（+at/for）][+to-v]
My brother aims to be a novelist . 我兄弟立志當小說家。
We aim at doubling our production . 我們的目標是將生產增加一倍。
What do you aim to do ? 你打算做什麼？

mitigate 緩和;減輕
發音記法：弭(平)他激動->就是緩和;減輕(他的激動)

dictate：命令、(強制)規定、支配、決定、使聽寫(老師說，學生寫)
[源] dict- (speak) + -ate (動尾)，權威性地“說”
I won ' t have him dictating to me . (命令) 我不要他對我發號施令。
They insisted on being able to dictate the terms of surrender.( 規定)

The police dictated where the large , noisy crowd should stand during the parade . (強制規定)
警察指定在遊行時那一大堆喧鬧的人群應站的位置。
You can ' t dictate to people how they should live . 不能強行規定人們應該怎樣生活。
Can they dictate how the money will be spent ? 他們能如何花這些錢嗎？
I follow the dictates of my conscience . (命令，支配) 我按良心辦事。

Funds dictate what we can do . (決定) 資金的多少決定我們能做些甚麼。
Afterwards he dictated a few letters to her . (聽寫) 之後他對她口授了幾封信。


(注意：此字有多種意義、多樣用法，相當複雜 ，翻譯上有些難度，
不易掌握精確字意，難怪xx學員會覺得怎麼翻都怪怪的。)