GWD6-39(非限制語法完全破解)

[agk99]

Q39:
Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest have used satellite images to tally deforested areas, where farmers and ranchers have clear-cut and burned all the trees, but such work has not addressed either logging, which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burning down individual trees but do not denude the forest.

A.which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burning
B.which removes only selected trees, or surface fires that burn
C.which removes only selected trees, along with surface fires that burn
D.removing only selected trees, or surface fires, burning
E.removing only selected trees, as well as surface fires that burn





答案B
which是怎麼練都不嫌多的

[illuna]

個人認為本題想考非限定用法which盡量不要省略....和either or的用法

答案B....logging名詞對上surface fires名詞....which非限定關代對上that關代子句...有平衡....

這是我做這題的想法...

請指教....

此外偷偷告訴大家一個小秘訣...我發現SC的原題中若畫線部分有which則答案大部分都有.....若題目有N1,N1 which....且N1 which部分有畫線...答案肯定有N1 which....

歡迎大家試試這個解題技巧....

[Grace]

Hi agk~

提供你一個想法, "which" implies alternative choices of the antecedent.
如果要被修飾的先行詞只有單一選擇性 那麼就會用分詞來做修飾

請參考 OG 178題:
選項(C) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined .... 這裡用which 暗指 sentence ( 宣判) 除了allow them to remain unconfined 外, 還有其他用意

選項 (E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined --- 分詞修飾 sentence imply 只有allwoing them to remian unconfined一個用意而已.

[魚]

Hi agk~

提供你一個想法, "which" implies alternative choices of the antecedent.
如果要被修飾的先行詞只有單一選擇性 那麼就會用分詞來做修飾

請參考 OG 178題:
選項(C) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined .... 這裡用which 暗指 sentence ( 宣判) 除了allow them to remain unconfined 外, 還有其他用意

選項 (E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined --- 分詞修飾 sentence imply 只有allwoing them to remian unconfined一個用意而已.

well done !!(FF) (FF)

[agk99]

個人認為本題想考非限定用法which盡量不要省略....和either or的用法

這題應該沒有所謂的非限定用法吧
Illuna你要不要再看一下

[agk99]

Hi agk~

提供你一個想法, "which" implies alternative choices of the antecedent.
如果要被修飾的先行詞只有單一選擇性 那麼就會用分詞來做修飾 .

應該是若可以修飾兩個以上先行詞，才不能用which吧，也就是which不能清楚指代的話，就不可能用which
我的想法好像和你剛好相反?可否再請你解釋!!

請參考 OG 178題:
選項(C) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined .... 這裡用which 暗指 sentence ( 宣判) 除了allow them to remain unconfined 外, 還有其他用意

應該是選項D，你說which會有其他用意，是什麼用意呢?是說which會錯誤指代criminals?

選項 (E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined --- 分詞修飾 sentence imply 只有allwoing them to remian unconfined一個用意而已

allowing 修飾誰?why?
allowing them to remain 和which allow them to remain不都是同樣用意，差別該是前面修飾對象是否有誤吧?

我自己的結論，如果忽略其他考點不看
OG178
我想which allow，這個which可能修sentences, 也可能修criminals
為避免產生歧異，才會改分詞，不知這是不是你的意思

另外，既然也都講到這了，可否請大家順便討論OG178 ABC選項的差異
178.In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.
(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have
請問which 指誰?打逗號和不打逗號有何差異

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have
請問performing修飾誰，打逗號和不打逗號有何差異?，逗號加分詞是否會被誤認為是分詞取代連接詞and

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have
問題同選項B

(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has
which指誰，這裡沒逗號又和有逗號有何差異?

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has
分詞型態下，沒逗號的分詞和有逗號的分詞差別呢?

謝謝大家討論

[illuna]

這題應該沒有所謂的非限定用法吧
Illuna你要不要再看一下

really??which不是指代logging嗎?我想這邊應該是說logging平常給人的感覺就是砍樹.....但本題的句意是指有選擇性的砍樹.....

所以必須要用非限定用法的which關代子句來修飾logging....

我個人看法....請指教....

[Grace]

(E) allowing 修飾sentence: 沒打逗號的分詞則修飾分詞前面的先行詞即 sentence, 若有打逗號 則是修飾逗號前面的動詞表 動作同時的延續.

由於sentence (徒刑)屬於法律名詞後面接的動詞一率要加Ving --表限定強烈排他,
僅有單一選擇性, 只有一個sentence而以, 選項D用which則imply還有其它sentence
(不只有一個sentence)
另外, D 的which只能修飾 sentence, 不能修飾criminals 人喔...


which 前面加不加逗號, 區別在於限定 (不加逗號)與非限定(加逗號)用法, 舉個例:
eg. 非限定用法: I have a brother, who is a doctor. ---imply我就只有一個brother
限定用法: I have a brother who is a doctor. ---imply我不只有一個brother

[Grace]

我同意Illuna的看法, logging後面加逗點 which 就式非限定的用法, imply 就只有一種logging (remove only selected trees.), 而非有很多logging中的其中一種

[agk99]

(E) allowing 修飾sentence: 沒打逗號的分詞則修飾分詞前面的先行詞即 sentence, 若有打逗號 則是修飾逗號前面的動詞表 動作同時的延續.

由於sentence (徒刑)屬於法律名詞後面接的動詞一率要加Ving --表限定強烈排他,僅有單一選擇性, 只有一個sentence而以, 選項D用which則imply還有其它sentence(不只有一個sentence)另外, D 的which只能修飾 sentence, 不能修飾criminals 人喔...

這幾天在忙專案，總算有空上來仔細看看
我查了一下字典，sentence好像沒有強制限定要加Ving吧?
另外，我仔細想了想，which是指sentences，不可能指人，那麼，
E選項改成 which allow...也是可以的

[Grace]

法律名詞後接的動詞必須要是Ving, 這個概念是我們SC老師教我們的, 大家參考....

法律名詞: bill, law, legislation, contract, deed, sentence, ball, ruling...etc.
OG題目有好幾題都有出現幾個這些法律名詞 , 後面確實是接Ving...

[illuna]

OG178
我想which allow，這個which可能修sentences, 也可能修criminals
為避免產生歧異，才會改分詞，不知這是不是你的意思

大哥criminals是人所以關代應該不會用which....

另外，既然也都講到這了，可否請大家順便討論OG178 ABC選項的差異
178.In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have risen dramatically.
(A) sentences, which allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public, have
請問which 指誰?打逗號和不打逗號有何差異

我把原句拆成兩個子句....

In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences have risen dramatically.

The sentences allow the criminals to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public.

紅色部分的sentences是我認為這兩個句子的交集....可以用which關代指代....

就變成原題的樣子....

In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences﹐ which allow the criminals（= "them" ） to remain unconfined while they perform specific jobs benefiting the public﹐ have risen dramatically.

若是為了簡潔...the criminals因為前面已經出現過所以可以用代名詞受格them代替....

答案A中我覺得which前面有沒有打逗點的差別就在於限定跟非限定的用法....Grace已經很漂亮的為我們解釋過...我就不再贅述....

(B) sentences, performing specific jobs that benefit the public while being allowed to remain unconfined, have
請問performing修飾誰，打逗號和不打逗號有何差異?，逗號加分詞是否會被誤認為是分詞取代連接詞and

答案B選項的結構很明顯把criminals通通省略（從while副詞子句中的主詞省略得知-->即使我們不能確定perform的主詞是誰..可是從while子句我們知道一定是criminals）....

這邊有一個原則跟大家提一下....能夠省略的主詞代表主詞都一樣才可以省略....然後把動作分成主動（現在分詞）被動（過去分詞）....我試著再把它拆解看看會不會比較清楚.....

In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals （who are）given community service sentences have risen dramatically.（第一句沒什麼變化...但是請注意我藍色關代子句省略的部分把它秀出來）

The criminals perform specific jobs that benefit the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined.

紅色部分的criminals是答案B認為這兩個句子的交集....可以用who關代指代....

原題變成...

In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals （who are） given community service sentences﹐（and perform）performing specific jobs that benefit the public while（they are）being allowed to remain unconfined﹐have risen dramatically.

(C) sentences, performing specific jobs beneficial to the public while they are allowed to remain unconfined, have
問題同選項B

答案C的解說跟答案B一樣....大家可以看到while子句把criminals換成代名詞they.....不同的只是沒有省略而已.....

(D) sentences which allow them to remain unconfined in their performing of specific jobs beneficial to the public has
which指誰，這裡沒逗號又和有逗號有何差異?

答案D的解釋請參考答案A....which在這邊指代sentences...

(E) sentences allowing them to remain unconfined while performing specific jobs that benefit the public has
分詞型態下，沒逗號的分詞和有逗號的分詞差別呢?

答案E牽扯到我之前分析其他答案選項所使用的原則....「分析關代子句或是副詞子句中的動詞到底是誰做的」來判斷主詞是誰....進而了解關代或副詞子句所指代的主詞....

再者我想大家也注意到這題完全沒有逗號....這是很重要的一點...大家可以回去看看之前的答案選項中while副詞子句的位置都在逗號之內....代表該子句是修飾which關代子句的動詞.....

可是答案E選項的while子句所在的位置變成是修飾主要子句risen這個動詞....

因此allow這個動詞的主詞是sentences....perform這個動詞的主詞是criminals....答案E可以拆成以下兩個子句...

In the last few years, the number of convicted criminals given community service sentences have risen dramatically while （the criminals） performing specific jobs that benefit the public.

The sentences allow the criminals to remain unconfined.



【後記】

雖然囉哩囉唆的寫了一堆....人家ETS只用了主動詞一致就把我們打死...完全不去解釋它編寫答案選項有逗號跟沒逗號的差別...省略關代的分詞跟不省略關代的差別....

我自己雞婆試著分析了一下....大家覺得可以參考就參考參考...

有什麼錯誤請不要客氣的指正我.....尤其是B兄這題你一定要幫我看看喔....

[agk99]

Brovo
太偉大了
葛洛夫說唯偏執得以倖存
有了你們的鼓勵，特別是illuna的解題拼勁
我要和你們一塊成長，但我還是老話一句，
沒考到700就不要回來了

[agk99]

可是答案E選項的while子句所在的位置變成是修飾主要子句risen這個動詞....

這句話似乎有什麼弦外之音沒說?

[illuna]

大哥實在太強....其實你問的那個弦外之音是我自己在分析的時候有點心虛的地方....所以不知道該不該寫.... :-$

我一直在想到底while這個副詞子句的主詞是sentences還是criminals...

不過當我拆成兩個子句分開來看以後又有點信心應該是criminals吧......

總之還是請大家看看這樣有沒有問題吧....:)