GWD-1-Q25 to GWD-1-Q28:

[agk99]

GWD-1-Q25 to GWD-1-Q28:

Recently biologists have been
interested in a tide-associated
periodic behavior displayed by
the diatom Hantzschia virgata, a
(5) microscopic golden-brown alga that
inhabits that portion of a shoreline
washed by tides (the intertidal zone).(老規矩，注意第一句)
Diatoms of this species, sometimes
called “commuter” diatoms, remain
(10) burrowed in the sand during high
tide, and emerge on the sand sur-
face during the daytime low tide.
Just before the sand is inundated by
the rising tide, the diatoms burrow
(15) again. Some scientists hypothesize
that commuter diatoms know that it
is low tide because they sense an
environmental change, such as an
alteration in temperature or a change
(20) in pressure caused by tidal move-
ment. However(老規矩，特別留意), when diatoms are
observed under constant conditions
in a laboratory, they still display
periodic behavior, continuing to bur-
(25) row on schedule for several weeks.
This indicates that commuter diatoms,
rather than relying on environmental
cues to keep time, possess an inter-
nal pacemaker or biological clock
(30) that enables them to anticipate peri-
odic changes in the environment.(心裡要有預感，這裡必考，note要做記號)
A commuter diatom has an unusu-
ally accurate biological clock, a
consequence of the unrelenting
(35) environmental pressures to which
it is subjected; any diatoms that do
not burrow before the tide arrives
are washed away.
This is not to suggest that the
(40) period of this biological clock is
Immutably fixed. Biologists (注意作者還沒進場)have
concluded that even though a
diatom does not rely on the envi-
ronment to keep time, environmental
(45) factors—including changes in the
tide’s hydrostatic pressure, salinity,
mechanical agitation, and
temperature—can alter the period
of its biological clock according to
(50) changes in the tidal cycle. In short,
the relation between an organism’s
biological clock and its environment
is similar to that between a wristwatch (有題，往前看就知關連)
and its owner: the owner cannot
(55) make the watch run faster or slower,
but can reset the hands. However,
this relation is complicated in intertidal
dwellers such as commuter diatoms
by the fact that these organisms are
(60) exposed to the solar-day cycle as
well as to the tidal cycle, and some-
times display both solar-day and
tidal periods in a single behavior.
Commuter diatoms, for example,
(65) emerge only during those low tides
that occur during the day.

[agk99]

GWD-1-Q25: C
The passage suggests which of the following about the accuracy of the commuter diatom’s biological clock?

A. The accuracy of the commuter diatom’s biological clock varies according to changes in the tidal cycle.
B. The unusual accuracy that characterizes the commuter diatom’s biological clock is rare among intertidal species.
C. The commuter diatom’s biological clock is likely to be more accurate than the biological clock of a species that is subject to less intense environmental pressures.(見25-35 行，所以選C)
D. The commuter diatom’s biological clock tends to be more accurate than the biological clocks of most other species because of the consistency of the tidal cycle.
E. The accuracy of the commuter diatom’s biological clock tends to fluctuate when the diatom is observed under variable laboratory conditions.(其實是沒有波動的)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q26: B
The author of the passage compares the relationship between an organism’s biological clock and its environment to the relation between a wristwatch and its owner most probably in order to

A. point out a fundamental difference between the function of biological clocks in organisms and the use of mechanical clocks by humans(強調的不是difference)
B. illustrate the way in which the period of an organism’s biological clock can be altered by environmental factors
C. suggest that there are important similarities between the biological clock in organisms such as the commuter diatom and the biological clock in humans (必錯)
D. support an argument regarding the methods used by certain organisms to counteract the influence of the environment on their biological clocks (counteract必錯)
E. question the accuracy of the biological clock in organisms such as the commuter diatom (question必錯)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q27: B
According to the passage, the periodic behavior displayed by commuter diatoms under constant laboratory conditions is characterized by which of the following?

A. Greater unpredictability than the corresponding behavior under natural conditions
B. A consistent periodic schedule in the short term
C. No difference over the long term from the corresponding behavior under natural conditions
D. Initial variability caused by the constant conditions of the laboratory
E. Greater sensitivity to environmental factors than is the case under natural conditions
BD都有constant的概念，但B又優於D

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q28: D
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. dispute the influence of environmental factors on the tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata (dispute必錯)
B. describe how certain tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata have changed over time (明顯不是重點)
C. compare tide-associated behavioral rhythms to solar-day behavioral rhythms in the diatom Hantzschia virgata (compare必錯)
D. examine how certain biological and environmental influences affect the tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata
E. identify certain environmental factors that limit the effectiveness of the biological clock in the diatom Hantzschia virgata(錯在limit，所以不選)

[soami]

Recently biologists have been interested in a tide-associated periodic behavior 生物學家最近對一個和潮汐有關的週期性行為發趣趣 displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata 由這個東西展現出來, a microscopic golden-brown alga同谓語解釋這個東西是什麼，是金褐色的水澡 that inhabits that portion of a shoreline washed by tides (the intertidal zone). 這部分可以跳過

第一段小結：知道文章要講的是水澡的週期性行為就好了

Diatoms of this species, sometimes called “commuter” diatoms, remain burrowed in the sand during high tide, and emerge on the sand sur-face during the daytime low tide. 高潮時躲在沙灘洞穴裡，白天低潮時出現在沙灘表面Just before the sand is inundated by the rising tide, the diatoms burrow again. 潮來了又躲回去 Some scientists hypothesize that commuter diatoms know that it is low tide 科學家預期細澡知道這是低潮because they sense an environmental change, 因為它們可以感應環境變動 such as an alteration in temperature or a change in pressure caused by tidal movement.舉例環境變動的例子溫度改變潮汐運動帶來的壓力改變 However(老規矩，特別留意), when diatoms are observed under constant conditions in a laboratory, they still display periodic behavior拿到實驗室做一個"固定"環境的觀察這種週期型行為仍存在, continuing to burrow on schedule for several weeks.
This indicates that commuter diatoms, rather than relying on environmental cues to keep time, possess an internal pacemaker or biological clock 不是依賴靠環境來遵守時間，而是擁有一個內在的步調製造器或稱生理時鐘，that enables them to anticipate periodic changes in the environment.(心裡要有預感，這裡必考，note要做記號)A commuter diatom has an unusually accurate biological clock有個非常精準的生理時鐘, a consequence of the unrelenting
environmental pressures to which it is subjected; any diatoms that do
not burrow before the tide arrives are washed away. 沒在潮來躲進去會被沖走。

第二段小結：實驗發現，實際上矽澡不是靠環境變化來感應潮矽，而是矽澡內在有一個精準的生理時鐘。

This is not to suggest that the period of this biological clock is Immutably fixed. 暗示生理時鐘不會永久固定 接下來是科學家解釋上面的原因Biologists (注意作者還沒進場)have concluded that even though a diatom does not rely on the envi- ronment to keep time, environmental factors—including changes in the tide’s hydrostatic pressure, salinity, mechanical agitation, and temperature這邊是說明環境因素可以略讀先直接看到can —can alter the period of its biological clock according to changes in the tidal cycle.會根據潮汐循環改變生理時鐘的週期 In short, the relation between an organism’s biological clock and its environment is similar to that between a wristwatch and its owner: the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower, but can reset the hands. 舉例比喻手錶和生理時鐘的關係，手錶和生理時鐘的主人(人和水澡)都無法影響時鐘本身的精密度，你有看過一分鐘走120秒的表嗎，但是時間可以重新設定，你要現在幾點就是幾點，對喜歡熬夜的人來說白天是她們的晚上，而正常人的晚上是白天，但同樣的大家一天都是24小時。

However, this relation is complicated in intertidal dwellers such as commuter diatoms by the fact that these organisms are exposed to the solar-day cycle as well as to the tidal cycle, and
some- times display both solar-day and tidal periods in a single behavior. Commuter diatoms, for example, emerge only during those low tides that occur during the day.

這段.....我用自己的話翻好了，矽澡受到solar-cycle和潮汐的影響，但是卻只表現出一種單一形行為，意指不知道哪個solar-cycle和潮汐哪個才會改變生裡時鐘或是同時影響，這是很複雜的關係。

[davidlee0222]

這篇其實滿簡單的
而且粉爆笑
小弟當初是邊看邊笑..

soami這樣的跳躍讀法真的可以抓到滿多重點
看起來跟小弟的輕功滿像的
(不好意思啦~幫你補充一下)
速度也滿快

不過如果對小弟的輕功有興趣的話
輕功水上飄的奧義是"主從結構意義"
主要的目的是區分"主軸結構"跟"次要補述"
"結構意義"跟句子的"意思"是兩回事

這樣做有蛇麼不同呢??
托福等級看不太出來
但在AT閱讀這樣的大強度考試就會看出顯著區別
修辭跟邏輯更是勢如破竹

除了"速度"可以快數倍這個附加價值外
主要重點是快速釐清"段落功能"及"文章主軸"為何
清楚了解文章主軸目的與細節補述的權重差異
尤其AT閱讀中很多必須要有如此主從結構概念
才會看出很多落落長的句子其實是一大坨廢話

若能釐清主從結構意義
在修辭尤其難度較高的題目
將會遊刃有餘

若學成將會比這樣的跳躍讀法再快2~3倍
且解題快速精準
可對歐雞修辭跟閱讀的詳解再多做研究

小弟明天考完再幫soami用輕功解這篇
流星那篇建議soami也可以先試試
小弟再解就可以比對細部差異
困而後學之

[agk99]

很快再看一遍
感覺這裡出的最好的一題就是第25題
沒有讀透的是不好選的

[davidlee0222]

大衛來貢獻用輕功飄一下
soami大大可參考一下有何不同

以句為單位的兩段式閱讀法
區分主要結構主軸及次要結構補述
第一步抓主軸結構-主辭、主要動辭及主要補語
其他先跳一次到句點
大衛用紅色標出

第二步回到該句句首
重掃略過的次要結構補述是在補述蛇麼
到句點
不外乎三大程咬金-關代補述、分辭補述及同位語
大衛用紫色標出

注意連接詞或關鍵字的句型功能
小弟用粗體標出

未標的黑字為一般內容

主從結構區隔與"句子意思"有時無直接關係
但為判斷文章主軸之關鍵
進階可用一段式連續動作完成
請不要用手或任何輔助工具協助讀文
須以眼睛快速定位才能活用輕功

對了
請不要查字典
雞考是不能帶字典的
要由前後文判斷單字意義
尤其是情境意義
歐雞導文有講

Recently biologists have been
interested in a tide-associated
periodic behavior displayed by
the diatom Hantzschia virgata, a
(5) microscopic golden-brown alga that
inhabits that portion of a shoreline
washed by tides (the intertidal zone).
Diatoms of this species, sometimes
called “commuter” diatoms, remain
(10) burrowed in the sand during high
tide, and emerge on the sand sur-
face during the daytime low tide.
Just before the sand is inundated by
the rising tide, the diatoms burrow
(15) again. Some scientists hypothesize
that commuter diatoms know that it
is low tide because they sense an
environmental change, such as an
alteration in temperature or a change
(20) in pressure caused by tidal move-
ment. However, when diatoms are
observed under constant conditions
in a laboratory, they still display
periodic behavior, continuing to bur-
(25) row on schedule for several weeks.
This indicates that commuter diatoms,
rather than relying on environmental
cues to keep time, possess an inter-
nal pacemaker or biological clock
(30) that enables them to anticipate peri-
odic changes in the environment.(全文主軸)
A commuter diatom has an unusu-
ally accurate biological clock, a
consequence of the unrelenting
(35) environmental pressures to which
it is subjected; any diatoms that do
not burrow before the tide arrives
are washed away.(哈哈哈~很爆笑...)

段落功能在講一生物時鐘現象
有研究的假設及實驗結果
無作者內容

This is not to suggest that the
(40) period of this biological clock is
Immutably fixed. Biologists have
concluded that even though a
diatom does not rely on the envi-
ronment to keep time, environmental
(45) factors—including changes in the
tide’s hydrostatic pressure, salinity,
mechanical agitation, and
temperature—can alter the period
of its biological clock according to
(50) changes in the tidal cycle . In short,
the relation between an organism’s
biological clock and its environment
is similar to that between a wristwatch and its owner: the owner cannot
(55) make the watch run faster or slower,
but can reset the hands. However,
this relation is complicated in intertidal
dwellers such as commuter diatoms
by the fact that these organisms are
(60) exposed to the solar-day cycle as
well as to the tidal cycle, and some-
times display both solar-day and
tidal periods in a single behavior.
Commuter diatoms, for example,
(65) emerge only during those low tides
that occur during the day.

第二段功能在深入解釋此現象的成因
全無作者意見

全文功能在講對一生物現象的新研究發現

[davidlee0222]

GWD-1-Q25: C
The passage suggests which of the following about the accuracy of the commuter diatom’s biological clock?

A. The accuracy of the commuter diatom’s biological clock varies according to changes in the tidal cycle.
精確度不會變

B. The unusual accuracy that characterizes the commuter diatom’s biological clock is rare among intertidal species.
錯
intertidal物種都會有

C. The commuter diatom’s biological clock is likely to be more accurate than the biological clock of a species that is subject to less intense environmental pressures.
32-35 行有講，不然會被沖走


D. The commuter diatom’s biological clock tends to be more accurate than the biological clocks of most other species because of the consistency of the tidal cycle.
錯，比較精準是因為不準就挫ㄕˇ...


E. The accuracy of the commuter diatom’s biological clock tends to fluctuate when the diatom is observed under variable laboratory conditions.
實驗中仍展現週期
精準度未波動

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q26: B
The author of the passage compares the relationship between an organism’s biological clock and its environment to the relation between a wristwatch and its owner most probably in order to

為了舉例

A. point out a fundamental difference between the function of biological clocks in organisms and the use of mechanical clocks by humans
錯
是要指相同

B. illustrate the way in which the period of an organism’s biological clock can be altered by environmental factors
沒錯

C. suggest that there are important similarities between the biological clock in organisms such as the commuter diatom and the biological clock in humans
不是講有重要的相似性
是要講如何運作


D. support an argument regarding the methods used by certain organisms to counteract the influence of the environment on their biological clocks
不是在Support是在舉例illustrate

E. question the accuracy of the biological clock in organisms such as the commuter diatom (question必錯)


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q27: B
According to the passage, the periodic behavior displayed by commuter diatoms under constant laboratory conditions is characterized by which of the following?

A. Greater unpredictability than the corresponding behavior under natural conditions
錯，沒有更無法預測

B. A consistent periodic schedule in the short term
對的啦
幾週內相同

C. No difference over the long term from the corresponding behavior under natural conditions
長期都不變
錯

D. Initial variability caused by the constant conditions of the laboratory
一開始出現不同
錯

E. Greater sensitivity to environmental factors than is the case under natural conditions
錯
若對環境變因較敏感
應該一開始就不同
而不會是數週後

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GWD-1-Q28: D
The primary purpose of the passage is to
在講對一生物現象的新研究發現

A. dispute the influence of environmental factors on the tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata
dispute須有兩方以上持正反意見

B. describe how certain tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata have changed over time
敘述某行為規律"如何"經時間"改變"
無關


C. compare tide-associated behavioral rhythms to solar-day behavioral rhythms in the diatom Hantzschia virgata
文章主軸不是在比這兩樣
且compare是比哪裡"一樣"


D. examine how certain biological and environmental influences affect the tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata
是滴
檢視生物及環境因素如何影響潮汐週期行為


E. identify certain environmental factors that limit the effectiveness of the biological clock in the diatom Hantzschia virgata

不是在辨認環境因素
也無限制生物時鐘的效能

[myron]

GWD-1-Q27: B
According to the passage, the periodic behavior displayed by commuter diatoms under constant laboratory conditions is characterized by which of the following?

A. Greater unpredictability than the corresponding behavior under natural conditions
錯，沒有更無法預測

B. A consistent periodic schedule in the short term
對的啦
幾週內相同

C. No difference over the long term from the corresponding behavior under natural conditions
長期都不變
錯

D. Initial variability caused by the constant conditions of the laboratory
一開始出現不同
錯

E. Greater sensitivity to environmental factors than is the case under natural conditions
錯
若對環境變因較敏感
應該一開始就不同
而不會是數週後

請問如何分辨是(B)short term 還是(C)long term

[davidlee0222]

問到關鍵了
基本上這提無法判別長短期到底多長多短
只能用刪去法
C講長期都沒有變化
如果要說無線長期也可以
因此刪掉不能選
只能選B
文中有說幾週內不變
也就是過了那幾週後就變了
因此B可以選

[best555tw]

25題E為什麼不對
However, when diatoms are
observed under constant conditions
in a laboratory, they still display
periodic behavior, continuing to bur-
(25) row on schedule for several weeks.

This is not to suggest that the
(40) period of this biological clock is
immutably fixed. Biologists have
concluded that even though a
diatom does not rely on the envi-
ronment to keep time, environmental
(45) factors—including changes in the
tide’s hydrostatic pressure, salin-
ity, mechanical agitation, and
temperature—can alter the period
of its biological clock according to
(50) changes in the tidal cycle.

原文說在constant的環境下
生理時鐘不會改變
但會隨著某些環境因素而改變
所以E為什麼不對?

C為什麼可以推出more accurate than the biological clock of a species??

謝拉......

[JS]

25題E為什麼不對

原文說在constant的環境下
生理時鐘不會改變
但會隨著某些環境因素而改變
所以E為什麼不對?

C為什麼可以推出more accurate than the biological clock of a species??

謝拉......

reason 4 C as follow
A commuter diatom has an unusu-
ally accurate biological clock, a
consequence of the unrelenting
environmental pressures to which
it is subjected; any diatoms that do
not burrow before the tide arrives
are washed away.

E. The accuracy of the commuter diatom’s biological clock tends to fluctuate when the diatom is observed under variable laboratory conditions. not true read line 23-25

[shine822]

reason 4 C as follow
A commuter diatom has an unusu-
ally accurate biological clock, a
consequence of the unrelenting
environmental pressures to which
it is subjected; any diatoms that do
not burrow before the tide arrives
are washed away.

針對 25題，答案 B 還是比 C 好吧?! 這裡有些淺見，還望各位大大們解惑

看完整篇文章之後，我有個概念，就是這種藻類生理時鐘真是強，尤其在第二段54~56行中用手表來比喻，是再清楚不過了
the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower,
but can reset the hands. 說的是時鐘的快慢不會改變（秒鐘速率是固定的），雖然不能調快慢但是可以調早晚，就是將一點鐘改成兩點或更晚之類的。對照這種藻類則是說，他的生理時鐘速率不會變，也就是正確性不會變，變的是環境因素（例如潮汐、鹽度等）並因之調整，躲進洞裡的時間，若是如答案 C 所言，一旦壓力比較大一點，生理時鐘就比較不正確了，那還得了，套句大衛兄所說，那就等著被沖走吧！

所以，我看完此題，只要講到時鐘正確性會改變的都錯，一下子就將ACDE全刪了，偏偏我又對 B 沒信心。因為似乎只能勉強看第一句Recently biologists have been interested in a tide-associated periodic behavior displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata, a microscopic golden-brown alga that
inhabits that portion of a shoreline washed by tides (the intertidal zone). 因為生物學家有興趣的東西應該很罕見吧∼但是還蠻凹的！不過我又看不出所謂的「intertidal物種都會有 」是從哪一句話推論的呢？
因為從第1~15行只能看出，只有這種 Diatoms of this species, sometimes called "commuter" diatoms 有這種能耐，雖然也不見得別種就不會，但至少答案 B 沒說 only 只說 rare 應該還算OK吧？

救救我這個才作第一回GWD，就吐血的小小吧...... i57

[wineroomSLL]

Dear davidlee0222 大大 and 各位前輩
想請問一下d的意思是不是這樣ㄋ?
<引言davidlee0222 >
GWD-1-Q28: D
D. examine how certain biological and environmental influences affect the tide-associated behavioral rhythms displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata
是滴
檢視生物及環境因素如何影響潮汐週期行為

Q1
我的解讀如下
藉由diatom Hantzschia virgata
檢視生物及環境因素 如何影響 生物(與潮汐週期相關)的行為
^^^^^^^^^^^^
不知道是不是這個意思 ??

Q2
那這裡所說的 生物因素 指的是不是alga的biological clock
環境因素 指的是不是 and alteration in temperature or a change in pressure呢?

[wineroomSLL]

如何影響 生物(與潮汐週期相關)的行為
^^^^^^^^^^^^

不好意思
謝謝大家

[panda]

reason 4 C as follow
A commuter diatom has an unusu-
ally accurate biological clock, a
consequence of the unrelenting
environmental pressures to which
it is subjected; any diatoms that do
not burrow before the tide arrives
are washed away.

針對 25題，答案 B 還是比 C 好吧?! 這裡有些淺見，還望各位大大們解惑

看完整篇文章之後，我有個概念，就是這種藻類生理時鐘真是強，尤其在第二段54~56行中用手表來比喻，是再清楚不過了
the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower,
but can reset the hands. 說的是時鐘的快慢不會改變（秒鐘速率是固定的），雖然不能調快慢但是可以調早晚，就是將一點鐘改成兩點或更晚之類的。對照這種藻類則是說，他的生理時鐘速率不會變，也就是正確性不會變，變的是環境因素（例如潮汐、鹽度等）並因之調整，躲進洞裡的時間，若是如答案 C 所言，一旦壓力比較大一點，生理時鐘就比較不正確了，那還得了，套句大衛兄所說，那就等著被沖走吧！

Q25.
C.The commuter diatom’s biological clock is likely to be more accurate than the biological clock of a species that is subject to less intense environmental pressures.

答案C的意思應該是說，承受較少環境壓力的藻類，他們的生理時鐘會比較不準確，意思就是壓力較多，生理時鐘就較正確。
文章說明藻類的生理時鐘之所以準確，是因為承受環境壓力下所造成的結果，只要不準確的話，就會來不及隱藏到沙中而被海浪沖走。
所以25題應該是選(C)。如果有錯還請各位指正。