考古題Form35-19

[cafe]

Industrialists from the country Distopia were accused of promoting the Distopian intervention in the Arcedain civil war merely to insure that the industrialists’ facilities in Arcedain made substantial profits during the war. Yet this cannot be the motive since, as the Distopia foresaw, Distopia’s Federal expenses for the intervention were eight billion dollars, whereas, during the war, profits from the Distopia industrialists’ facilities in Areadia totaled only four billions dollars.

Which of the following, if true, exposes a serious flaw in the argument made in the second sentence above?

A. During the Arcedain war, many Distopia industrialists with facilities located in Arcedain experienced a significant rise in productivity.

B. The largest proportion of Distopia’s federal expenses is borne by those who receive no significant industrial profits.

C. Most Distopian industrialists’ facilities located in Arcedain are expected to maintain the level of profits they achieved during the war.

D. Distopian industrialists’ facilities in Arcedain made substantial profits before the events that triggered the civil war.

E. Many Distopian expressed concern over the suffering that Arcedain underwent during the civil war.

The answer is "B" why?

[liwuu]

第一句說明Industrialists from the country Distopia介入戰爭是為了本身利益...
第二句說明其實第一句的說法不對,因為介入戰爭後,Distopia’s Federal expenses花了eight billion dollars,而收益只有four billions dollars(表示若以profit來考量的話,實際上還虧four billions dollars,暗指介入戰爭的動機並非以利益為考量)

題目問那個敘述可以反駁第二句的論點?!
答案為B,因為負擔大部分expense的人並非那些得到利益的人(說明有人幫Industrialists背黑鍋!!)

[dibert8]

考點:以偏蓋全 (overgeneralization)
考題設計:給 macro (巨觀), 以 micro (微觀 or 細節)去弱化
答案要選特例 (e.g. 極端敘述)
(B) 沒賺錢的是花最多錢的 => 賺錢的其實花很少錢 => 有人賺錢,的確是為利益而介入