徹底破解OG140

[agk99]

140. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.
(A) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
(B) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
(C) the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
(D) which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
(E) the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

不知道第幾次看這一題，但這一次讓我發現原來自己是那麼渺小無知
我和B桑有討論過，但沒有定論

請大家一起討論看看，我對答案E沒有意見，很好，但想請大家分析一下本句的結構，特別是against which是如何來的, which是代誰, 原題又要against 什麼，還有這句應該是簡化句，那原句應該要怎麼寫才對?

[micht]

borrow是vt. 一定要有受詞
這題which是 borrow的受詞 which代the collaterals

To get through the harvest season, the farmers borrow the collateral against the harvest season.

這裡的collaterals=the declining values

這讓我想到莫老師說... 受詞+介係詞 =母親+兒子(不可分離)
因為against 介詞放前面 受詞which也要擺前面嚕..

這題可以參考 OG#192

Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words.

A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
C) to which English, SPanish, and Italian words have been added
D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added

Key: (C)

這題的which是added的受詞 which=17th century French
English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added to 17th century French.

這是我的想法 有錯的話請指證...thanks

[訪客]

borrow是vt. 一定要有受詞
這題which是 borrow的受詞 which代the collaterals

To get through the harvest season, the farmers borrow the collateral against the harvest season.

這裡的collaterals=the declining values

這讓我想到莫老師說... 受詞+介係詞 =母親+兒子(不可分離)
因為against 介詞放前面 受詞which也要擺前面嚕..

這題可以參考 OG#192

Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words.

A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
C) to which English, SPanish, and Italian words have been added
D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added

Key: (C)

這題的which是added的受詞 which=17th century French
English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added to 17th century French.

這是我的想法 有錯的話請指證...thanks

OG 140的說法我同意
但OG 192的which,OG解釋不是指他等於17th century French,而是17th century French words,你看選項都有一個words,他指的是該語言的vacabulary,所以A是錯誤的選項, 我猜想ETS想說選項裡有words了,乾脆就把他省略了,以上是我對OG解釋的理解,請指正

[agk99]

如果which是代collateral，在邏輯語意上恐怕是很怪異的
還原後變成borrow the collateral against harvast seasons.這不就變成借"抵押品"對抗收成季節?

我知道很怪，還是說我對句意理解錯誤?

[訪客]

micht28應該漏了幾個字,我補一下
borrow the collateral against to get through harvast seasons=>把用抵押品去向銀行借來的錢來度過這個harvast seasons
我想against在這有overcome的意味,並不一定是對立或敵對的狀況
這是我的理解請指教

[micht]

我之前的想法和mike的一樣
但看了看我覺得不妥的地方是

against+Object 我覺得against後面必須接受詞
例子
I am against your plan
Squirrels store up food against the winter

from Longman Dictionary

a) used to say that someone opposes or disagrees with something
Every council member voted against the proposal.
He advised me against travelling.
Mr Howard has declared that he is against all forms of racism.

b) used to say that an action is not wanted or approved of by someone
They got married against her parents' wishes
She has been kept in the house against her will
The use of certain drugs is against the law
It's against my principles to borrow money

c) used to say that something is not allowed by a law or rule
There ought to be a law against it.

used to say who someone is competing with or trying to defeat in a game, battle etc

Gambotti was injured in last Saturday's game against the Lions. We'll be competing against some of the best companies in Europe.

the farmers borrow the collateral against to get through harvast seasons (不順)

所以為了要against + object
borrow+object
我仍覺得應該是下面這樣比較順~~~

To get through the harvest season, the farmers borrow the collateral against the harvest season.

to get through.... modify "the farmers"

請大家再討論嚕

[agk99]

用最基本句型看
borrow money to go through the harvast season...我想大家都能接受
但against是如何的用法?
Micht28說". "

是against collateral還是borrow against?夾在句中是什麼用法

迷惑呀

[agk99]

the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season

如果寫成這樣, the collateral [(that) farmers borrow against to get through the harvest season]是不是會清楚點

這是我的想法，大家繼續討論

[QQcandy]

borrow是vt. 一定要有受詞
這題which是 borrow的受詞 which代the collaterals

To get through the harvest season, the farmers borrow the collateral against the harvest season.

這裡的collaterals=the declining values

這讓我想到莫老師說... 受詞+介係詞 =母親+兒子(不可分離)
因為against 介詞放前面 受詞which也要擺前面嚕..

這題可以參考 OG#192

Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words.

A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
C) to which English, SPanish, and Italian words have been added
D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added

Key: (C)

這題的which是added的受詞 which=17th century French
English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added to 17th century French.

這是我的想法 有錯的話請指證...thanks

OG 140的說法我同意
但OG 192的which,OG解釋不是指他等於17th century French,而是17th century French words,你看選項都有一個words,他指的是該語言的vacabulary,所以A是錯誤的選項, 我猜想ETS想說選項裡有words了,乾脆就把他省略了,以上是我對OG解釋的理解,請指正

Mike, 我覺得金剛兄說的沒錯, which = 17th century French, 並沒有　words 省略, 你看, 因為分號後面　" their language is basically 17th century French..." their language = 17th century French" ㄛ是　reasonable, 但是若是指得是　17th century French words 是不通的, 再則, 省略通常發生再後面重複的敘述, 不會在前面省略　words 後面　words 留著　( :P 有點離題) 所以原句應該是　" 主詞　have added English, Spanish and Italian words to 17th century French"

==> 所以變成...to which English, Spanish and Italian words have been added....

而選項　A, 你可以發現句意是很怪的...剛好相反是　French 被加到　English, Spanish and Italian words 裡　 8-| 請指教　

[QQcandy]

the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season

如果寫成這樣, the collateral [(that) farmers borrow against to get through the harvest season]是不是會清楚點

這是我的想法，大家繼續討論

我的想法是....

which 代的是　declining values :P 不要從椅子上跌下來ㄛ

Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are....

1. 兩個逗點之間為同位語, 所以此段必說明前面名詞, 所以 the collateral 就是指　"farm equipment and land"　（ collateral 加　”the ” 表前面提過的名詞　 :P ）

２．against 是對抗的意思, 所以意思是農夫借入擔保品來對抗貶值的現象...原句因該是　”the collateral farmers borrow against declining values to get through the harvest season...."　請指教　 :-$

[micht]

應該是..
the farmers borrow the declining values of the collaterals to aganist the harvest season.

OG解答有指名說.. collaterals = the declining value

Choice E, the best answer succinctly and clearly identifies the Declining values as the collateral against which farmers borrow and correctly uses the plural verb are.

[agk99]

嗯，樓上兩位說的好
我總結成這兩句
Declining values for farm equipment and land are going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

and

The collateral farmers borrow to get through the harvest season against declining values.

OG140就是這二句的簡化句，只是簡化的也太多了吧
還有，我也同意樓上二位所說(只能怪自己沒看懂解釋)，which 代 declining values
這可是268題之中，which跳躍修飾的代表作，跳得還真遠哩

[bear]

嗯，樓上兩位說的好
我總結成這兩句
Declining values for farm equipment and land are going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

and

The collateral farmers borrow to get through the harvest season against declining values.

OG140就是這二句的簡化句，只是簡化的也太多了吧
還有，我也同意樓上二位所說(只能怪自己沒看懂解釋)，which 代 declining values
這可是268題之中，which跳躍修飾的代表作，跳得還真遠哩

agk大哥這樣寫,我終於看懂啦 ~~~

稍微小調整一下第二句
:P Farmers borrow the collateral to get through the harvest season against declining values.

[Behemoth]

讚的啦

大家都很讚~~

[illuna]

老實說...我第一次做這題的時候就陷入老莫在課堂上有特別提到過一個問題....

如何判斷是動名詞還是現在分詞....

shit...那天看這題的時候還是習慣把Declining當動名詞.....

因此主要動詞又搞單數.....真是有夠不爽.... :-S

好像陷入某種魔咒一樣....