[討論]OG No.192

[訪客]

我把討論OG140題有關OG192的部分轉移過來這邊來討論


192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words.
(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added
(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added


OG解釋
The underlined section must modify the noun phrase seventeenth-century French by noting additions made to French subsequently from foreign vocabularies. C, the best choice, does this clearly, directly, and correctly in the form of a relative clause. Because the subject of this clause is plural (words), the verb must also be plural (have been added). A and B incorrectly use singular forms has been added and is added. B also awkwardly inverts and divides the verb phrase (added... is)

OG 192的which,OG解釋不是指他等於17th century French,而是17th century French words,你看選項都有一個words,他指的是該語言的vacabulary,所以A是錯誤的選項, 我猜想ETS想說選項裡有words了,乾脆就把他省略了,有錯請告訴我



mitch28的解釋如下
這題的which是added的受詞 which=17th century French
English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added to 17th century French.

QQ的解釋如下
我覺得金剛兄說的沒錯, which = 17th century French, 並沒有　words 省略, 你看, 因為分號後面　" their language is basically 17th century French..." their language = 17th century French" ㄛ是　reasonable, 但是若是指得是　17th century French words 是不通的, 再則, 省略通常發生再後面重複的敘述, 不會在前面省略　words 後面　words 留著　( 有點離題) 所以原句應該是　" 主詞　have added English, Spanish and Italian words to 17th century French"

==> 所以變成...to which English, Spanish and Italian words have been added....

而選項　A, 你可以發現句意是很怪的...剛好相反是　French 被加到　English, Spanish and Italian words 裡　 請指教

[agk99]

OG 192的which,OG解釋不是指他等於17th century French,而是17th century French words,你看選項都有一個words,他指的是該語言的vacabulary,所以A是錯誤的選項, 我猜想ETS想說選項裡有words了,乾脆就把他省略了,有錯請告訴我

縮小討論範圍，假設大家都只是AC選一個
接下來，我想大家都曉得，French不是講法國人，就是講法語，這裡應該是後者
那麼A就不應該是主動詞一致的考點，也就是因為錯誤省略了words，造成不該選A
(主動詞一致的考題看選項就知了，這裡不可能是)

事實上，句意導致A選項錯誤，畢竟豈有將語言French塞入文字words的道理，造成C選項(將他國文字塞入法語中變的較何邏輯)

省略型表達是有可能的，如這裡說的words，但一般來說，要前面先出現，再省略後面的同樣句子或單字，先省略前面，而只保留後面(如這裡的words)，我想該算是少數且少見，但這應該不是。

[訪客]

我同意agk的的說法,C確實比較符合邏輯,從以前到現在我都這麼認為
前幾天在看這題OG解釋,發現到我以前忽略的一個地方,他說這個子句的主詞是複數(words),請問大家怎麼解讀這下面這一段話

correctly in the form of a relative clause. Because the subject of this clause is plural (words), the verb must also be plural (have been added)A and B incorrectly use singular forms has been added and is added. B also awkwardly inverts and divides the verb phrase (added... is)

[魚]

我同意agk的的說法,C確實比較符合邏輯,從以前到現在我都這麼認為
前幾天在看這題OG解釋,發現到我以前忽略的一個地方,他說這個子句的主詞是複數(words),請問大家怎麼解讀這下面這一段話

correctly in the form of a relative clause. Because the subject of this clause is plural (words), the verb must also be plural (have been added)A and B incorrectly use singular forms has been added and is added. B also awkwardly inverts and divides the verb phrase (added... is)

their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added

=>English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added to seventeenth-century French


wish it's helpful :)

[訪客]

恩...謝謝魚囉
Good job

[Clara]

192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words.
(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added
(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it
(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added


OG解釋

D offers an awkward and adverbial construstion, which can not be used to modify nouns.

這裡og的解釋是說因為d給的是一個副詞片語的結構,無法修飾名詞


那麼舉141為例
141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.


D.Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment


這裡的with當限定用法(形容詞子句改成的介係詞片語),修飾前面名詞

問題: 同樣都是with,可以當副詞片語修飾動詞,有可以當作介係詞片語修飾前面的名詞;我要如何區分什麼時候當介係詞片語,又何時當作副詞片語呢?


猜測: 是不是with後面出現Ving時,當作副詞片語?
with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it

後面的Having been added to it不是由形容詞子句改來的分詞去修飾English, Spanish, and Italian words嗎?

[Clara]

昨夜失眠的嚴重
所以再去翻了一次莫老師的語法書

關於<修飾語誤置與雙向修飾>

1. 動詞1......副詞...............動詞2
副詞片語
副詞子句

->造成雙向修飾

eg: Ｉagreed on next day to helped him

然後老師在這裡說到"介係詞加名詞=副詞片語"
(是不是我記錯了?????)
介係詞片語修飾名詞
副詞片語修飾動詞
怎麼會相等呢?


按照這樣的說法
再重歸我原本的問題with
with 名詞
with 名詞.....having.......
到底有沒有不同???


天阿!!!!!!!!!!!一團混亂中

[魚]

eg: Ｉagreed on next day to helped him

然後老師在這裡說到"介係詞加名詞=副詞片語"
(是不是我記錯了?????)
介係詞片語修飾名詞
副詞片語修飾動詞
怎麼會相等呢?

clara , 不大懂你的意思 拍謝

妳的意思是 : 你不能認同 on next day 在此作副詞片語 是嗎 ?

還是 介係詞片語修飾名詞 副詞片語修飾動詞 兩者不能相同 ?

若是前者 , on the next day 在此是當時間副詞使用

若是後者 , 別忘了 副詞的修飾對象 不侷限於動詞喔 !

FYI

[Clara]

我的意思是....按照莫老師說的
如果介係詞加名詞結構視為於副詞片語的話

那麼192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words.

(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it

OG解釋
D offers an awkward and adverbial construstion, which can not be used to modify nouns.

這裡og的解釋是說因為d給的是一個副詞片語的結構,無法修飾前面名詞French

於是可以這樣說with加名詞視為副詞片語修飾動詞
但是og中通常with的用法都是with加名詞當介係詞片語去形容前面的名詞
於是我無法區分什麼時候用with表介詞片語,什麼時候用來當副詞片語
192中如果我把d選項視為介詞片語去修飾前面的名詞
那麼就跟og中解釋不同了.....


請指點

[魚]

我的意思是....按照莫老師說的
如果介係詞加名詞結構視為於副詞片語的話

那麼192. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words.

(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it

OG解釋
D offers an awkward and adverbial construstion, which can not be used to modify nouns.

這裡og的解釋是說因為d給的是一個副詞片語的結構,無法修飾前面名詞French

於是可以這樣說with加名詞視為副詞片語修飾動詞
但是og中通常with的用法都是with加名詞當介係詞片語去形容前面的名詞
於是我無法區分什麼時候用with表介詞片語,什麼時候用來當副詞片語
192中如果我把d選項視為介詞片語去修飾前面的名詞
那麼就跟og中解釋不同了.....


請指點

clara ,

D offers an awkward and adverbial construction <=關於這句話我的閱讀重心跟您不同 .我自己在解讀這段話的時,覺得BF才是閱讀的重心.

如果硬要再做句意分析 =>

是 awkward and adverbial construction 不能修飾 nouns ; 而非您所說的=>副詞片語的結構,無法修飾前面名詞

另外with引導的子句當形容詞子句 或副詞子句 應該是要由句意來做判斷

我自己的經驗似乎很難以規則武斷的一以敝之.

FYI

[Behemoth]

介係詞加名詞=副詞片語
這是沒錯的
with也是介係詞之一

所以
不管with後面是單純接名詞或還有Ving結構
都視為副詞子句

既然是副詞子句
那麼性質等同副詞
無法修飾名詞

也就是og解釋中說的

[gogotu]

with + N + Ving就是一種副詞的結構，通常（也有例外喔！例og198）可由with前面有沒有","來判斷是副詞還是形容詞：

一、有"',"的，是副詞
og113
Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches. whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
(D) seen monkeys sleeping on the branches[highlight=red], with arms and legs hanging[/highlight]
Choice D, the best answer, not only forms a correct and clear sentence by supplying the present perfect verb have ... seen, but also solves the problem of the whose ... clause [highlight=red]by using the appropriately placed adverbial phrase with arms and legs hanging... to modify sleeping
[/highlight].

二、沒有 "," 的，是形容詞og141 (b)
141. Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same, all patients receiving hearts or other organs must take antirejection drugs for the rest of their lives.
(A) Unlike transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
[highlight=red](B) Besides transplants involving identical twins with the same genetic endowment[/highlight]
(C) Unless the transplant involves identical twins who have the same genetic endowment
(D) Aside from a transplant between identical twins with the same genetic endowment
(E) Other than transplants between identical twins, whose genetic endowment is the same
In A and B, the phrases beginning Unlike... and Besides... modify patients, the subject of the main clause; thus A absurdly states that Unlike transplants ..., patients... must take ... drugs, and B that all patients except for transplants... must take ... drugs. [highlight=red]In B and D the expression identical twins with the same genetic endowment wrongly suggests that only some identical twin pairs are genetically identical. [/highlight]In E, the construction Other than transplants..., all patients ... must take... drugs illogically suggests, as in B, that some patients are transplants. Choice C, the best answer, solves these problems by using a clause introduced by Unless to describe the exception to the rule and a nonrestrictive clause beginning with who to describe the characteristic attributed to all identical twins.

和本題的D
請再補充

[gogotu]

突然想到，with having.....這種包含助詞在內的結構，也是錯的。

[muffyy]

各位大大，我對於add的被動用法還是有很多疑惑

原題如下：
192.Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the four thousand Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words.

在這裡
their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words. 應該是被動用法吧

所以我自己將此題還原為主動如下：
People(假定為主詞) have added English. Spanish. and Italian words to seventeenth-century French.

再改為被動
Seventeenth-century French has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words to by people.

所以這題我會選(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words

但OG的答案為(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added

還請各位高手幫忙，我這樣的解釋哪裡出了問題?感激不盡啊

[林小馬]

所以我自己將此題還原為主動如下：
People(假定為主詞) have added English. Spanish. and Italian words to seventeenth-century French.

再改為被動
Seventeenth-century French has been added English. Spanish. and Italian words to by people.

所以這題我會選(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words

但OG的答案為(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added

還請各位高手幫忙，我這樣的解釋哪裡出了問題?感激不盡啊

我想你說的第一句
People(假定為主詞) have added English. Spanish. and Italian words to seventeenth-century French.
是對的

可是這句要改成被動的話
應該是
English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added to seventeenth-century French.
而不是您上面講到的第二句
因為您說的第一句中
English, Spanish, and Italian words才是add的受詞
French不是add的受詞

那如果把這個被動式
English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added to seventeenth-century French.
放到答案中
French用which代替,to移到前面
就會變成
(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added