[問題]GWD0-40(同天山 9-Q40)

[agk99]

B和D的細微差異再於，B並沒有提到left or right，但D有，看似D稍微完整些

[Calvin]

在此回答agk99兄的問題

取非即意謂把選項加個否定性副詞，把這個當成假設套回去原文的推論，若原文結論推導不出來則該答案即為正確答案（前提假設改變了，當然就得不到原文推論的結論了）

舉本題為例：

題目推導:
When a language center of the brain is damaged, for example by a stroke, linguistic capabilities are impaired in some way.
當語言區損傷了，語言能力就會以某種型式受損

導出結論：
Therefore, people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half.
如果一個人在左腦受到嚴重的傷害，其語言能力卻沒有遭受任何損害，則語言區一定在右腦。

D選項：
If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages at least one of them.

取非：
If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages NOone of them.
如果左腦有語言區的話，任何左腦的中風不會對左腦任何一個語言區造成損害

把D套回去，D說左腦的中風並不會造成左腦語言區的損害，那結論說的語言區一定在右腦就是錯的，不一定，也可以是在左腦，語言區在左右腦都有可能，原文結論無法推出，故D正確。

來看B：
Impairment of linguistic capabilities does not occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.

取非：
Impairment of linguistic capabilities does occur in people who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain.
語言區沒有遭受任何損害的人也會發生語言功能失調的情況

帶回原文，取非後的B對結論無法產生任何作用，結論依舊可以順利導出，因此B不會是答案

取非原則，在排除只剩二個選項時非常好用，可避免被迷惑選項給困住了；另一方面，它也可幫助你檢驗，以驗証自己的答案對不對。

要注意的是，對原文推導過程要清晰，取非過程中要正確，不然很容易會亂掉

我的經驗是多練習就能生巧，假設題也就輕鬆迎刃而解了，而且正確率相當高

各位不妨試試

[魚]

哈 calvin

昨天才由小道消息得知取非也素妳的強項

今天就 親眼目睹了 dora11

說的讚

拜一下 nosee

[agk99]

感謝Calvin
再問一個
取非題是否都適用於假設題呢?
還是削弱、支持、解釋、評估題皆可

[Calvin]

agk兄

取非應只適用於假設題

其餘各類題型能否適用，我倒是沒深究過，agk兄可以試試

[agk99]

和我想的一樣
感謝解說

[adonais]

對不起
我變心了，現在和魚說對不起
我改選B

D真不像assumption的答案

我也在B, D之間掙扎許久
但最後選D, 取非後原文推論才成立
仔細再看B選項 注意"who have not suffered any damage to any language center of the brain."中的字眼"any",句意指出 language center沒有受"任何"傷害的人, linguistic capabilities 也不會有"任何"損傷, 再對照原文"When a language center of the brain is damaged, for example by a stroke, linguistic capabilities are impaired in some way." 注意" a language center" 和 " in some way", 看到此是否有感覺B某種程度上是在support原文, 所以B應不是題目要的assumption, D應該才是正確選項
個人拙見 , 請參考並繼續討論

[cafe]

來講一下自己的看法。對於Assumption題，我認為就是該選項不成立，則原題論點不成立。題目表示語言中樞通常位於左腦。當語言中樞受損時，如撞擊，語言能力將受到損壞。因此，左腦嚴重受到撞擊的人，如果語言能力未受影響，則他的語言中樞位於右腦。因此為了讓論點中的，右腦也有語言中樞成立，我們必須有一個前提假設。

選項D如果有多各語言中樞在左腦當中，任何原因造成的傷害將影響其中任何一個語言中樞。如此前提不成立，則任何傷害無法造成左腦語言中樞受損，則該人語言能力正常，無法判斷是否有語言中樞位於右腦。因此此選項為最佳的前提假設。

[JS]

I vote for A.

Assumption is something that is not mentioned in the argument but without such, the conclusion of the argument cannot be made.
So, if a brain damaged by stroke can recover, then, the conclusion that "people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half" cannot be made.

[Calvin]

Nope, JS

Pls think over your reasoning of line, are you sure without A the conclusion cannot be made ?

how about " must have their language centers in the RIGHT half " ? why cannot it be the right half without A ?

[JS]

If a damaged brain can recover as it suggested on answer A, then it offers a reason why some people's linguistic capabilities are unaffected after stroke.
Thus make the conclusion that "people who have suffered a serious stroke on the left side of the brain without suffering any such impairment must have their language centers in the right half." a flawed inferenence.

[JS]

Just think of an example.

Mr. A has two ways of transportation to commute to his office- by car or by bus.
Because his car is broken therefore he must go to office by bus.

The conclusion can only be true if the car cannot be repaired.
So, if his car can be repaired, no one can be sure that he will commute to office by bus.

So what’s the assumption here? The car cannot be repaired.


P.S
I had a look at answer D again today and here is why I think the answer is wrong.
D. If there are language centers on the left side of the brain, any serious stroke affecting that side of the brain damages
at least one of them. The red part should change to all of them.