[分享]OG passage22-social

[Grace]

Passage 22
The new school (學派)of political history that emerged in the 1960’s and 1970’s sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens. Like the old approach, however, this new approach excluded women. The very techniques (by examining the political practices of ordinary citizens) these historians (n
ew approach) used to uncover mass political behavior in the nineteenth-century United State – quantitative analyses of election returns, for example – were useless (作者強烈態度用詞)in analyzing the political activities of women, who were denied the vote until 1920.
總結: 提出new approach 與old approach相比較, 進而點出 這兩個approach的shortcoming

By redefining “political activity,” historian Paula Baker has developed a political history that includes women. She concludes that among ordinary citizens, political activism by women in the nineteenth century prefigured (引領) trends in twentieth-century politics. Defining “politics” as “any action taken to affect the course of behavior of government or of the community,” Baker concludes that, while voting and holding office were restricted to men, women in the nineteenth century organized themselves into societies committed to social issues such as temperance and poverty. In other words, Baker contends, women activists were early practitioners of nonpartisan, issue-oriented politics and thus were more interested in enlisting lawmakers, regardless of their party affiliation (聯盟), on behalf of certain issues than in ensuring that one party or another won an election. In the twentieth century, more men drew closer to women’s ideas about politics and took up modes of issue-oriented politics that Baker sees women as having pioneered.

總結: Explain why Baker concludes that women in the nineteenth century prefigured trends in twentieth century politics. –“issue-oriented politics”

131. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) enumerate reason why both traditional scholarly methods and newer scholarly methods have limitations
(B) identify a shortcoming in a scholarly approach and describe an alternative approach
(C) provide empirical data to support a long-held scholarly assumption
(D) compare two sholarly publications on the basis of their authors’ backgrounds
(E) attempt to provide a partial answer to a long-standing scholarly dilemma

132. The passage suggests which of the following concerning the techniques used by the new political historians described in the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) They involved the extensive use of the biographies of political party leaders and political theoreticians.
(B) They were conceived by political historians who were reacting against the political climates of the 1960s and 1970s
(C) They were of more use in analyzing the positions of United States political parties in the nineteenth century than in analyzing the positions of those in the twentieth century.
(D) They were of more use in analyzing the political behavior of nineteenth-century voters than in nalyzing the political activities of those who could not vote during that period.
(E) They were devised as a means of tracing the influence of nineteenth-century political trends on
twentieth-century political trends. (Baker approach)

133. It can be inferred that the author of the passage quotes Baker directly in the second paragraph primarily in order to
(A) clarify a position before providing an alternative to that position
(B) differentiate between a novel definition and traditional definitions
(C) provide an example of a point agreed on by different generations of scholars
(D) provide an example of the prose style of an important historian
(E) amplify a definition given in the first pargraph

134. According to the passage, Paula Baker and the new political historians of the 1960’s and 1970’s shared which of the following?
(A) A commitment to interest-group politics
(B) A disregard for political theory and ideology
(C) An interest in the ways in which nineteenth-century politics prefigured contemporary politics
(D) A reliance on such quantitive techniques as the analysis of election returns
(E) An emphasis on the political involvement of ordinary citizens

135. Which of the following best describes the structure of the first paragraph of the passage?
(A) Two scholarly approaches are compared, and a shortcoming common to both is identified.
(B) Two rival schools of thought are contrasted, and a third is allued to.
(C) An outmoded scholarly approach is described, and a corrective approach is called for.
(D) An argument is outlined, and counterargumnts are mentioned.
(E) A historical era is described in terms of its political trends.

136. The information in the passage suggests that a pre 1960’s political historian would have been most likely to undertake which of the following studies? (1st paragraph, old approach focus on leader and government institution)
(A) An analysis of voting trends among women voters of the 1920’s
(B) A study of male voters’ gradual ideological shift from party politics to issue-oriented politics
(C) A biography of an influential nineteenth-century minister of foreign affairs
(D) An analysis of narratives written by previously unrecognized women activitists
(E) A study of voting trends among naturalized immigrant laborers in a nineteenth-century logging camp

1. 時間點變化及關聯性
2. 作者的對某些事情態度,
3. 因果關係,由因推果or由果推因
4. 注意指示代名詞的指稱 ex:no.132,第一段的these historians
5. 代表作者想法的理論跟另外作者想削落的理論的關係 ex:133
6. 不同理論的相異點跟相同點 ex:134
7. 同一句子包含兩種以上理論,須注意其細節題 ex:136

[agk99]

第22篇基本沒問題，但就是136還參不透
*136. The information in the passage suggests that a pre1960’s political historian would have been most likely to undertake which of the following studies?
(A) An analysis of voting trends among women voters of the 1920’s
(B) A study of male voters’ gradual ideological shift from party politics to issue-oriented politics
(C) A biography of an influential nineteenth-century minister of foreign affairs
(D) An analysis of narratives written by previously unrecognized women activists
(E) A study of voting trends among naturalized immigrant laborers in a nineteenth-century logging camp
答案給C

[Grace]

Hi agk,
這一題解題的關鍵在於文中第一句話所陳述 traditional focus of political historians on "leaders and government institutions"...., 重點在leader , 所有選項裡只有
D 是與leader有關--minister of foreign affairs.

[訪客]

Hi agk,
這一題解題的關鍵在於文中第一句話所陳述 traditional focus of political historians on "leaders and government institutions"...., 重點在leader , 所有選項裡只有
D 是與leader有關--minister of foreign affairs.

In social article we should forcus on the point of time

[撥撥]

The new school of political history that emerged in the 1960's and 1970's sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens.

各位大大好
我想請教第一段的contrast部份
是不是由上面的紅字部份看出來的呢？
另外想再請教agk大大把文章歸類在contrast A ,B and C
是指old, new and Baker's嗎？

[sleek]

能否請教L18-L21此句中之"committed to" 該如何翻譯較好?謝謝!

Baker concludes that, while voting and holding office were restricted to men, women in the nineteenth century organized themselves into societies committed to social issues such as temperance and poverty.

[davidlee0222]

專注投身於...

[sleek]

感謝您的回答~
但如翻成"專注投身於"聽起來應該是修飾women,但在此處看起來應該是修飾societies,這樣感覺有點怪...
不知道我的認知那裡出了問題,可否指教指教...(總是被"commit",這個字搞的昏頭...)

[撥撥]

The new school of political history that emerged in the 1960's and 1970's sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens.

各位大大好
我想請教第一段的contrast部份
是不是由上面的紅字部份看出來的呢？
另外想再請教agk大大把文章歸類在contrast A ,B and C
是指old, new and Baker's嗎？

經過一個月後複習到這篇
終於知道我的問題所在了
謝謝各位牛大們∼∼

[joyce0519]

請問以下這段話中,1960~1970的學者有著重研究ordinary citizens嗎?照字面上看起來應該是不贊成,但在134題中,為何正確答案會選最後一個?我被這題困住,希望高手可以解答一下,謝謝喔
The new school of political history that emerged in the 1960's and 1970's sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens.

[pimi]

請問以下這段話中,1960~1970的學者有著重研究ordinary citizens嗎?照字面上看起來應該是不贊成,但在134題中,為何正確答案會選最後一個?我被這題困住,希望高手可以解答一下,謝謝喔
The new school of political history that emerged in the 1960's and 1970's sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions by examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens.

這句話的意思是說政治歷史新派是藉著examining directly the political practices of ordinary citizens這個方法來sought to go beyond the traditional focus of political historians on leaders and government institutions

所以1960~1970的學者有著重研究ordinary citizens~