[我的筆記]GWD4-Q5~Q7

[illuna]

Many scholars have theorized (學者的理論是什麼....必讀) that economic development, particularly industrialization and urbanization, contributes to (因果關係前面是因後面是果) the growth of participatory democracy; according to this theory (衍生推論) , it would (假設語氣) seem logical that women would both demand and gain suffrage in ever greater [P] numbers whenever economic development expanded their economic opportunities. However (轉折語氣) , the economic development theory is inadequate [N] to explain certain historical facts about the implementation of women’s suffrage. For example (舉例說明women’s suffrage跟Industrialization無關) , why was women’s suffrage, instituted nationally in the United States in 1920, not instituted nationally in Switzerland until the 1970’s? (設問手法答案才是重點) Industrialization was well advanced in both countries by 1920: over 33 percent of American workers were employed in various industries, as compared to (這裡說明的是相同點) 44 percent of Swiss workers. Granted, Switzerland and the United States diverged (關鍵字.....表Switzerland跟US在Industrialization 伴隨Urbanization發生的程度上產生分歧) in the degree to which the expansion of industry coincided with the degree of urbanization: (表Industrialization and Urbanization在時間順序上平行發生) only (武斷字眼....語氣強) 29 percent of the Swiss population lived in cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants by 1920. (從以上diverge可推論得知若Swiss只有29%住在城市中表US大部分都住在城市中) However (轉折語氣) , urbanization cannot [N] fully (武斷字眼) explain women’s suffrage. Within the United States prior to 1920, (在時間順序上先講1920時Switzerland and US所發生的Industrialization以及再講1920之前US的Urbanization都無法說明造成了women’s suffrage) for example (舉例說明women’s suffrage跟Urbanization無正相關) , only (武斷字眼) less urbanized states had granted women suffrage. Similarly (相同點) , less urbanized countries such as Cambodia and Ghana had voting rights for women long before Switzerland did. It is true (別人(非作者)的可能的Objection進來.....據徐老師說GMAT這裡必出一題.....果然就是Q5 :D ) that Switzerland’s urbanized cantons (political subdivisions) generally enacted women’s suffrage legislation earlier than did rural cantons. However (轉折語氣…作者對該Objection提出反駁) , these cantons often shared other characteristics—similar linguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties—that may help to explain this phenomenon.

文章結構：Argument & Possible Objections(see 美加GMAT 手冊p.35 (V))

[訪客]

It is true (別人(非作者)的可能的Objection進來.....據徐老師說GMAT這裡必出一題.....果然就是Q5 ) that Switzerland’s urbanized cantons (political subdivisions) generally enacted women’s suffrage legislation earlier than did rural cantons. However (轉折語氣…作者對該Objection提出反駁) , these cantons often shared other characteristics—similar linguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties—that may help to explain this phenomenon.

我想問一下illuna你怎麼看出來it is true that.......是possible objection的???謝謝

[kikisky]

我想問一下illuna你怎麼看出來it is true that.......是possible objection的???謝謝

我來誤人子弟一下吧(有錯請大大們一定要提出嚴厲的指正ㄛ~可別誤了小吳ㄋㄟ)


注意看文章的變化

Similarly (相同點) , less urbanized countries such as Cambodia and Ghana had voting rights for women long before Switzerland did.

首先作者提到相同點(Similarly,....)
而且是主動的語態~所以可以知道這是作者的立場∼>帶進argument

It is true (別人(非作者)的可能的Objection進來.....據徐老師說GMAT這裡必出一題.....果然就是Q5 :D ) that Switzerland’s urbanized cantons (political subdivisions) generally enacted women’s suffrage legislation earlier than did rural cantons.

接下來的這一段用了比較級,還記得老師說比較級表contrast
所以和上面一句話的內容相反(這句的rural對應到上一句的 less urbanized)
而且用it is開頭表他人立場

However (轉折語氣…作者對該Objection提出反駁) , these cantons often shared other characteristics—similar linguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties—that may help to explain this phenomenon.

轉折字眼出現
帶進和前一句不同的態度
且以主動語氣=>表作者態度(refute前一句話∼>所以前一句表possible objection)

這應該算是老師說的6種possible objection用法的最後一種吧~你查一下筆記對照一下看看~~ (AA)

[訪客]

謝謝你 這樣我懂了!!

[shine822]

Q6.
The primary purpose of the passage is to

A. contrast two explanations for the implementation of women's suffrage
B. demonstrate that one factor contributes more than another factor to the implementation of women's suffrage
C. discuss the applicability of theory for explaining the implementation of women's suffrage
D. clarify certain assumptions underlying a particular theory about the implementation of women's suffrage
E. explain how a particular historical occurrence was causally connected to the implementation of women's suffrage

Ans. C

讀完整篇文章後，我還特別再看了第一句 Many scholars have theorized that economic development, particularly industrialization and urbanization, contributes to the growth of participatory democracy. 許多學者認為「經濟發展」導致了參與式民主進步 和 最後一句 However,these cantons often shared other characteristics—similar linguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties—that may help to explain this phenomenon.
經過前面「工業化」和「都市化」的舉例之後，否定掉「經濟發展」的因素，作者認為其實「擁有一些相同特色的行政區」才是真正解釋這現象的主因。

這讓我在 A B 兩個選項上猶豫不絕，B 說的 one factor (cantons) > another (economic) 答案不賴。 A 說的 contrast two (economic ←→ cantons) 也是挺像的。不過我後來還是選了A，因為作者最後是同意後者、否定前者，而非覺得後者比前者影響更大。

但最晴天霹靂的是，答案是 C。只好開始自圓其說，恩，整篇都在舉例說明「經濟發展」的因素有多麼不適用，所以 「applicability」真是表達得恰如其分呀！！
但是，降不就沒表達到 canton 這個重點因素嗎？還是說這不是完全正確的答案，只是最好的......

那麼有哪位大大願意大刀闊斧地教我如何砍掉 A、B呢？

[sleek]

說說我的想法來討論一下

依徐老師對主旨題的提示要點考量

關於(A),
我直覺認為two explanations:"industrialization" 及"urbanization",所以應該是是"compare"而非"contrast"--刪除

您的想法,我的看法是:
1.cantons 來自 urbanization,urbanzation又是econcomic development 的一種,所以economic ←→ cantons--不恰當
2.如果要拿"similar linguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties"作為explanation 與 "urbanization"為另一個explanation,來contrast--too specific

關於(B)
其應該講的就是L41-45--too specific,刪除

當然,還是(C)最好


個人想法,歡迎討論

[wawa]

一開頭講許多學者have theorized...根據此理論（the economic development theory）似乎可以推斷婦女....

line 11 : However (轉折語氣) , the economic development theory is inadequate to explain certain historical facts about the implementation of women’s suffrage.

後來的內容都在舉例說明應用此理論不適當的地方，並沒有demostrate也沒有contrast，因為通篇是在講某種理論。

所以選C，A與B都錯。

[hjp1077]

我是在C 和 D 選項掙扎
覺得D 很像作者要表達的概念

煩請版主解惑!!
THANKS

[modern]

我是在C 和 D 選項掙扎
覺得D 很像作者要表達的概念

煩請版主解惑!!
THANKS

句子意義至上-->老莫說的

所以 ，關鍵在於整篇是: 某理論解釋工業等事件如何contribute to
"參與政治" 這事件 ， 而參與政治這事件又用 --> " implementation of woman's 投票權 " 作代表。 內容是該理論"能否"用來解釋婦女投票權被however來however去 --> 可行性被質疑

C選項中討論該理論的可行性 可應用性( applicability ) 是指同一個事情 也就是文章在講 "某理論本身到底能不能用來解釋婦女投票權" <--這件事情

D選項中的assumption of certain 理論在這邊是不正確的
理論的假設在文章中並沒有被提及

[hjp1077]

看了您的詳解
我在仔細看看原文
的確沒有提到有關ASSUMPTION的概念

謝謝!!

[auguding]

請問地5題答案是A還是D啊
我看到得有2個答案..
那這邊說是D.The populations of these cantons shared similar views because urbanization furthered the diffusion of ideas among them.
我不太懂如何看出來的?何以DUFFUSION咧?
那A.These cantons shared characteristics other than urbanization that may have contributed to their implementation of women’s suffrage.
感覺起來很合理啊!
煩請指教啊~~感恩!!

[auguding]

求救啊!!TKS~~~

[eiswein]

第五題答案是A，不是D。

[auguding]

謝謝你啦~~

[CherrieLi]

請問第5題答案C為什麼不行呢?

(C) These cantons shared with certain rural cantons characteristics such as similar linguistic backgrounds and strong leftist parties.