GWD24-Q10-24-Q12 (防治通膨題)

[agk99]

24-Q10-24-Q12

Is it possible to decrease inflation without causing a recession and its concomitant increase in unemployment? The orthodox answer is “no”. (這己經把作者的態度講的非常清楚了，同時也回答了第Q24-12的問題)Whether they support the “inertia” theory of inflation(that today’s inflation rate is caused by yesterday’s inflation, the state of the economic cycle, and external influences such as import prices) or the “rational expectations” theory (that inflation is caused by workers’ and employers’ expectations, coupled with a lack of credible monetary and fiscal policies), most economists agree that tight monetary and fiscal policies, which cause recessions, are necessary to decelerate inflation. They point out that in the 1980’s, many European countries and the United States conquered high (by these countries' standards)(有題) inflation, but only by applying tight monetary and fiscal policies that sharply increased unemployment. 講來講去就是一個概念，要打擊通膨就是緊縮貨幣，但卻又會引起recession.

Nevertheless(顯然是重點), some governments’ policymakers insist that direct controls on wages and process, without tight monetary and fiscal policies, can succeed in decreasing inflation. Unfortunately, because this approach fails to deal with the underlying causes of inflation, wage and price controls eventually collapse, the hitherto-repressed inflation resurfaces, and in the meantime, though the policy-makers succeed in avoiding a recession, a frozen structure of relative prices imposes distortions that do damage to the economy’s prospects for long-term growth. 講的是新方法雖然可以壓抑通膨與蕭條，但只是短期的，反而傷害了長期的經濟成長表現

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24-10 The passage suggests that the high inflation in the United States and many European countries in the 1980’s differed from inflation elsewhere in which of the following ways?
A) It fit the rational expectations theory of inflation but not the inertia theory of inflation.
B) It was possible to control without causing a recession.
C) It was easier to control in those countries by applying tight monetary and fiscal policies than it would have been elsewhere.
D) It was not caused by workers’ and employers’ expectations.
E) It would not necessarily be considered high elsewhere.
這一題我第一次做錯了，第二次也錯，發現問題還是老問題，這題考點根本就是考many European countries and the United States conquered high (by these countries’ standards)，沒有看到括號內的，很容易選錯，答案E，當然如果有其他解法歡迎提供


24-11 Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author’s conclusion about the use of wage and price controls?
A) Counties that repeatedly use wage and price controls tend to have lower long-term economic growth rates than do other countries.
B) Countries that have extremely high inflation frequently place very stringent controls on wages and prices in an attempt to decrease the inflation.
C) Some countries have found that the use of wage and price controls succeeds in decreasing inflation but also causes a recession.
D) Policymakers who advocate the use of wage and price controls believe that these controls will deal with the underlying causes of inflation.
E) Policymakers who advocate the use of wage and price controls are usually more concerned about long-term economic goals than about short-term economic goals
選A，很明顯就是第二段最後一行改寫一下

24-12 The primary purpose of the passage is to
A) apply two conventional theories. 錯在apply
B) examine a generally accepted position.
C) support a controversial policy. 沒有支持，更沒有controversial
D) explain the underlying causes of a phenomenon. 錯
E) propose an innovative solution. 錯
題目開頭第一句，就可以讓我們選出B最好，當然歡迎討論

[SELVICHY]

24-Q10-24-Q12

Is it possible to decrease inflation without causing a recession and its concomitant increase in unemployment? The orthodox answer is “no”. (這己經把作者的態度講的非常清楚了，同時也回答了第Q24-12的問題)Whether they support the “inertia” theory of inflation(that today’s inflation rate is caused by yesterday’s inflation, the state of the economic cycle, and external influences such as import prices) or the “rational expectations” theory (that inflation is caused by workers’ and employers’ expectations, coupled with a lack of credible monetary and fiscal policies), most economists agree that tight monetary and fiscal policies, which cause recessions, are necessary to decelerate inflation. They point out that in the 1980’s, many European countries and the United States conquered high (by these countries' standards)(有題) inflation, but only by applying tight monetary and fiscal policies that sharply increased unemployment. 講來講去就是一個概念，要打擊通膨就是緊縮貨幣，但卻又會引起recession.

Nevertheless(顯然是重點), some governments’ policymakers insist that direct controls on wages and process, without tight monetary and fiscal policies, can succeed in decreasing inflation. Unfortunately, because this approach fails to deal with the underlying causes of inflation, wage and price controls eventually collapse, the hitherto-repressed inflation resurfaces, and in the meantime, though the policy-makers succeed in avoiding a recession, a frozen structure of relative prices imposes distortions that do damage to the economy’s prospects for long-term growth. 講的是新方法雖然可以壓抑通膨與蕭條，但只是短期的，反而傷害了長期的經濟成長表現

**********************************************************
24-10 The passage suggests that the high inflation in the United States and many European countries in the 1980’s differed from inflation elsewhere in which of the following ways?
A) It fit the rational expectations theory of inflation but not the inertia theory of inflation.
B) It was possible to control without causing a recession.
C) It was easier to control in those countries by applying tight monetary and fiscal policies than it would have been elsewhere.
D) It was not caused by workers’ and employers’ expectations.
E) It would not necessarily be considered high elsewhere.
這一題我第一次做錯了，第二次也錯，發現問題還是老問題，這題考點根本就是考many European countries and the United States conquered high (by these countries’ standards)，沒有看到括號內的，很容易選錯，答案E，當然如果有其他解法歡迎提供
同意.(自己也跳過這個細節 )


24-11 Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the author’s conclusion about the use of wage and price controls?
A) Counties that repeatedly use wage and price controls tend to have lower long-term economic growth rates than do other countries.
B) Countries that have extremely high inflation frequently place very stringent controls on wages and prices in an attempt to decrease the inflation.
C) Some countries have found that the use of wage and price controls succeeds in decreasing inflation but also causes a recession.
D) Policymakers who advocate the use of wage and price controls believe that these controls will deal with the underlying causes of inflation.
E) Policymakers who advocate the use of wage and price controls are usually more concerned about long-term economic goals than about short-term economic goals
選A，很明顯就是第二段最後一行改寫一下
同意24-12 The primary purpose of the passage is to
A) apply two conventional theories. 錯在apply
B) examine a generally accepted position.
C) support a controversial policy. 沒有支持，更沒有controversial
D) explain the underlying causes of a phenomenon. 錯
E) propose an innovative solution. 錯
題目開頭第一句，就可以讓我們選出B最好，當然歡迎討論

同意,不過我的佐證是來自於普遍(generally)經濟學家及政策制定者的說法,以及作者隨後提及此種政策的優點及缺點,符合examine或evaluate的動作.