[問題]pp-test2(reading)第15篇的Q147及Q152

[clair]

Birds have an extremely sophisticated visual
communication system. The movement of a flock of
dunlins is a marvel of coordinated precision flying.
The birds take off, turn, and land, apparently without
a leader or any sort of command, yet collisions are
extremely rare. The secret is that each bird watches
the other birds in the flock, anticipating their actions
from their slightest movements, so that a maneuver
spreads through the whole flock in a smooth wave in
only a fraction of a second. When the flock changes
direction in flight, the birds watch those ahead of them
and time their reactions to create a wave of movement
that occurs too rapidly for the human eye to catch what
is happening. But it is possible to see what occurs
when a small flock of starlings takes to the air. As
each bird prepares to take off, it crouches slightly,
then leaps into the air and flies away. The crouching
action that precedes take off is known as an
“intention movement,” and by watching these intention
movements of flight all the members of the flock are
brought into a state of readiness.
Wood pigeons use similar intention movements
but in a different way. Provided that each pigeon
makes the intention movements before taking off, the
others ignore the behavior. But if one spots danger
and does an emergency take off, the others interpret
the absence of intention movements as an alarm
signal, and the whole flock rises into the air. Another
bird signal is the attitude of alertness that conveys a
warning among flocks of geese. Geese are quick to
notice a member of their flock standing with its neck
stretched after spotting possible danger.
In all of these examples, the birds are reacting
to the behavior of others, but this behavior is not
primarily a signal. Other forms of communication
have evolved through such patterns of behavior
being modified into deliberate signals. These signals
are called “displays,” and they are common to all
members of a species, forming a kind of sign
language that conveys the mood of the bird. Most
commonly, displays are used to advertise a territory,
repel a rival, and attract a mate.

147. How would wood pigeons most
likely react if a member of the flock
failed to make intention movements
before flight?

a.By signaling the other members
to remain on the ground
b.By flying away immediately
c.By making a display movement
d.By ignoring the behavior

152. It can be inferred from paragraph 3
that members of two different flocks
of geese would

a.avoid communicating with
one another
b.have few territorial disputes
c.understand the displays of
one another
d.avoid mating with one another
請問各要從文章哪可得答案147為b及152為c ~~~~~~~thanks

[micki]

標題請多加注" reading" 還有 到底是 test 2 閱讀裡面的第幾篇.