OG Q107

[scujean]

Q107 The number of patents granted to inventors by the United States Patent Office dropped from 56000 in 1971 to 45000 in 1978. Spending on research and development, which peaked at 3 percent of the gross national product(GNP) in 1964, was only 2.2 percent of the GNP in 1978. During this period, when the United States percentage was steadily decreasing, West Germany and Japan increased the percentage of their GNP's spent on research and development to 3.2 percentage and 1.6 percent, respectively.

Which fo the following conclusions is best supported by the information above?
(a)There is a direct relationship between the size of a nation's GNP and the number of investions it produces.
(b)Japan and West Germany spent more money on research and development in 1978 than did the United States.
(c)The amount of money a nation spends on research and development is directly related to the number of inventions patented in that nation.
(d)Bewteen 1964 and 1978 the United States consistently spent a larger percentage of GNP on research and development than did Japan.
(e)Both West Germany and Japan will soon surpass the United States in the number of patents granted to inventors.

答案是D，我選C，C說一個國家花在研究發展費用上的錢和給予專利的發明數量呈現正相關。由題目知，1971 到1978專利給予的數量減少了(從56000→45000)而花在研究發展費用的支出也由3%GNP→ 2.2%GNP，兩個同時減少，不能說是正相關嗎，不能說是正相關的理由是因為1971→1978的專利減少數和研究發展費用減少時的年份(只有1964→1978)對不起來？

[維尼]

請根據板規修改標題 :)

[scujean]

以下是友人的回覆，貼上來
Yes, because time periods are not the same. It is possible that although research expenditure peaked at 3% in 1964, it dropped to 1% in 1971 and then grew consistently from 1% to 2.2% during 1971 to 1978.

[dibert8]

題目中提到 patent 數量的國家只有 US, 所以即使(C)對也是以偏蓋全,況且佔GNP的比例下降不見得錢的數量下降.