OG137(因果錯置)

[agk99]

著名的因果錯置題
137. A study of marital relationships in which one partner's sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?
(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couple's marriage.
(B) The sleeping and waking cycles of individuals tend to vary from season to season.
(C) The individuals who have sleeping and waking cycles that differ significantly from those of their spouses tend to argue little with colleagues at work.
(D) People in unhappy marriages have been found to express hostility by adopting a different sleeping and waking cycle from that of their spouses.
(E) According to a recent study, most people's sleeping and waking cycles can be controlled and modified easily.

解答137.
The argument assumes that mismatched sleeping and waking cycles precede martial problems. Choice D weakens the argument by indicating that this assumption is false, and D is the best answer.

The argument does not depend on there being only one cause of marital problems, so choice A is incorrect. That sleeping and waking cycles can change seasonally or might not affect interactions with colleagues does not address the issue of how mismatched cycles between spouses affect their marriage, so B and C are incorrect. Choice E suggests that there is a way to test the conclusion-by brining a couple’s sleeping and waking cycles into alignment-but this by itself does not weaken the argument, so E is incorrect.

[agk99]

我當然了解結論是mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
那麼倒果為因，說seriously jeopardize a marriage can lead to mismatched sleeping and waking cycles 就是weaken 所以D選項題正解

但A選項呢?他因不能在這weaken嗎

[魚]

(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments that can jeopardize the couple's marriage.

the BF key-word is the reason why :)

[agk99]

是有聽到你這樣的講法
但我深思熟慮後發現，原推論強調的是這句話
Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage. 也就是不搭的sleeping and walking cycles can affact a marriage.
但並沒有排除其他因對婚姻的影響，進一步來說，即便有其他因影響婚姻
對這句 Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage. 也不會有支持或是weaken的問題
這就好比是每天上咖啡館可以考730，但我同時補習美加莫老師也有可能考上730，但這並不會否定或支持我能不能上咖啡館

至於D的結構，我覺得要推論A造成B，只要有B反過來造成A，就可以了，這裡用背的即可

[lunar916]

是有聽到你這樣的講法
但我深思熟慮後發現，原推論強調的是這句話
Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage. 也就是不搭的sleeping and walking cycles can affact a marriage.
但並沒有排除其他因對婚姻的影響，進一步來說，即便有其他因影響婚姻
對這句 Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage. 也不會有支持或是weaken的問題
這就好比是每天上咖啡館可以考730，但我同時補習美加莫老師也有可能考上730，但這並不會否定或支持我能不能上咖啡館

至於D的結構，我覺得要推論A造成B，只要有B反過來造成A，就可以了，這裡用背的即可

我也是選A... 因為覺的A直接反對了 the arguement that only mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage
覺得D沒有A來的強烈...
用背的... 考試也不一定會考這一題ㄚ... 如果是同樣觀念不同題目我還是會答錯吧...
有人能教我一下這裡應有的正確觀念嗎?

[liwuu]

是有聽到你這樣的講法
但我深思熟慮後發現，原推論強調的是這句話
Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage. 也就是不搭的sleeping and walking cycles can affact a marriage.
但並沒有排除其他因對婚姻的影響，進一步來說，即便有其他因影響婚姻
對這句 Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage. 也不會有支持或是weaken的問題
這就好比是每天上咖啡館可以考730，但我同時補習美加莫老師也有可能考上730，但這並不會否定或支持我能不能上咖啡館

至於D的結構，我覺得要推論A造成B，只要有B反過來造成A，就可以了，這裡用背的即可

我也是選A... 因為覺的A直接反對了 the arguement that only mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage
覺得D沒有A來的強烈...
用背的... 考試也不一定會考這一題ㄚ... 如果是同樣觀念不同題目我還是會答錯吧...
有人能教我一下這裡應有的正確觀念嗎?

不太懂你的意思,題目並沒有only的字眼
最後結論是說Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.
選項A表示其推翻的理由是即使有些matched sleeping and waking cucles也會jeopardize a marriage
這與推論本身並沒有衝突,因為推論本身就沒有說只有mismatched sleeping and waking cycles才會jeopardize a marriage

[peche]

A) 的內容 間接表達了 jeopardize married couple'e marriage 有除了different sleeping and waking cycles 之外的原因
這樣一想~　　A)和文中的argument 就無關了~

[agustin]

我也是選A... 因為覺的A直接反對了 the arguement that only mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage
覺得D沒有A來的強烈...
用背的... 考試也不一定會考這一題ㄚ... 如果是同樣觀念不同題目我還是會答錯吧...
有人能教我一下這裡應有的正確觀念嗎?

原題說 作息不一致會危害婚姻 ( 但原題沒說這是危害的唯一因素 ) (that is 原題也允許有其他因的存在 )

A.說作息一致 有時也會吵架 暗示除了作息之外 還有其他危害婚姻的因素
這裡看來 行文與原題一致 所以沒有weaken
OG解釋也是這樣解的


我倒是很沒水準的選了E...
後來才知道E提供了 a way to test the conclusion, but not yet be proved to weaken the conclusion.


ETS 我真猜不透你阿
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[lunar916]

137. A study of marital relationships in which one partner's sleeping and waking cycles differ from those of the other partner reveals that such couples share fewer activities with each other and have more violent arguments than do couples in a relationship in which both partners follow the same sleeping and waking patterns. Thus, mismatched sleeping and waking cycles can seriously jeopardize a marriage.

(A) Married couples in which both spouses follow the same sleeping and waking patterns also occasionally have arguments than can jeopardize the couple's marriage.

============================
....
現在重看,發現A好像有點無關
conclusion = mismatched cycles > jeopardize a marriage
(A) = same cycles > jeopardize the couple's marriage
可是想一想
如果這答案不成立,那41題的答案C也該有問題啦

============================

41. Since the mayor’s publicity campaign for Greenville’s bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayor’s publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.

C. Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.

============================

41是
conclusion = campaign > people ride bus
(C) = Road reconstruction > people ride bus

如果我自己解釋137題可能是(A)的 occasionally 讓(A)的weaken作用不夠強

步知道這樣對不對

[agustin]

可是想一想
如果這答案不成立,那41題的答案C也該有問題啦

============================

41. Since the mayor’s publicity campaign for Greenville’s bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayor’s publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.

C. Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.

============================

41是
conclusion = campaign > people ride bus
(C) = Road reconstruction > people ride bus

(C) 好的很阿 題目是要doubt
論點說市長的政策 讓大家去坐公車
選項說 其實是市區道路建設變的unavailable 大家才去坐公車...

41.題不是因果倒置 是給出他因的weaken
weaken的另一種型態是 給出他因 就能削弱原題因果的橋樑
關係式A(因)--->B(果)
然後我說 事實上是C(因)---->B(果)
這樣A(因)就站不住腳了

如果我自己解釋137題可能是(A)的 occasionally 讓(A)的weaken作用不夠強

步知道這樣對不對

版上有一派是這樣的看法 不過OG對於A的解釋是說not only one cause of marital problems
所以我個人是認為ETS的思路是 如我上一篇說的那個方向...
總結A 有一派是occasionally派 不過OG解釋是cause派...^^



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[lunar916]

可是想一想
如果這答案不成立,那41題的答案C也該有問題啦

============================

41. Since the mayor’s publicity campaign for Greenville’s bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayor’s publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.

C. Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.

============================

41是
conclusion = campaign > people ride bus
(C) = Road reconstruction > people ride bus

(C) 好的很阿 題目是要doubt
論點說市長的政策 讓大家去坐公車
選項說 其實是市區道路建設變的unavailable 大家才去坐公車...

41.題不是因果倒置 是給出他因的weaken
weaken的另一種型態是 給出他因 就能削弱原題因果的橋樑
關係式A(因)--->B(果)
然後我說 事實上是C(因)---->B(果)
這樣A(因)就站不住腳了

如果我自己解釋137題可能是(A)的 occasionally 讓(A)的weaken作用不夠強

步知道這樣對不對

版上有一派是這樣的看法 不過OG對於A的解釋是說not only one cause of marital problems
所以我個人是認為ETS的思路是 如我上一篇說的那個方向...
總結A 有一派是occasionally派 不過OG解釋是cause派...^^



[tab][tab]

恩~ 我了解說41.C是 "給出他因"
可是未啥137.A 就不能算是 "給出他因" 的weaken答案?

不好意思一直反覆問 ...


ps.對於D我是沒有意見,我知道D是 "因果倒置"

[scujean]

============================

41. Since the mayor’s publicity campaign for Greenville’s bus service began six months ago, morning automobile traffic into the midtown area of the city has decreased seven percent. During the same period, there has been an equivalent rise in the number of persons riding buses into the midtown area. Obviously, the mayor’s publicity campaign has convinced many people to leave their cars at home and ride the bus to work.

C. Road reconstruction has greatly reduced the number of lanes available to commuters in major streets leading to the midtown area during the past six months.

============================

41是
conclusion = campaign > people ride bus
(C) = Road reconstruction > people ride bus


恩~ 我了解說41.C是 "給出他因"
可是未啥137.A 就不能算是 "給出他因" 的weaken答案?

不好意思一直反覆問 ...

會部會是因為Q41是另有她因題，而且正解C也正確給出她因是road reconstruction，而Q137，A雖然告知另有她因，卻沒說出她因是什麼，比起A，D較seriously weaken